GRAMMAR

OF

THE HINDŪSTĀNĪ TONGUE,

IN THE

ORIENTAL AND ROMAN CHARACTER,

WITH

LITHOGRAPHIC, COPPER-PLATE, AND TYPOGRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF
THE SANSCRIT, ARABIC, AND PERSIAN SYSTEMS

OF ALPHABETIC WRITING.

BY THE LATE SANDFORD ARNOT,

Member of the Asiatic Society of Paris.

TO WHICH IS ADDED,

A SELECTION OF EASY EXTRACTS FOR READING,

IN THE

PERSI-ARABIC & DEVANAGARI CHARACTERS,

WITH

A COPIOUS VOCABULARY AND EXPLANATORY NOTES.

BY DUNCAN FORBES, A.M.,

Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Member of the Asiatic Society
of Paris; and Professor of Oriental Languages and Literature in
King's College, London.

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بگو اي برادر بلطف و خوشي

A NEW EDITION.

LONDON:

Wм. H. ALLEN & Co.,
Booksellers to the Honourable East-India Company,
7, LEADENHALL STREET.

1844.

J. L. COX & SONS,

PRINTERS TO THE HONOURABLE EAST-INDIA COMPANY,

74 & 75, Gt. Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields.

THE EDITOR'S PREFACE.

THE Publishers and Proprietors of the late Mr. S. Arnot's Hindustānī Grammar, having empowered me to make such additions* to that work as I might deem useful for beginners, it remains for me to state how I have endeavoured to execute my task. I have been long convinced that an elementary Grammar of a language is incomplete without a certain portion of easy extracts, accompanied by a suitable vocabulary, and occasional notes explanatory of any obscure or idiomatic phrases that may occur in the text. This is the more essential in a grammar of the Hindustānī because the characters and words being totally different from our own, it is necessary to learn the language to a certain extent before the Grammar can be perused to any advantage.

I have accordingly appended to the present Edition sixteen closelyprinted pages of easy and elegant Extracts in the Hindustani or Urdu dialect, all the words of which will be found in the Vocabulary. I have also given eight pages in the pure Hindi idiom, which differs from the former merely by its rare use of Persian or Arabic words. It is probable that some of the words in the latter portion may not be found in the Vocabulary, but such omissions have been supplied in the notes at the end. The notes are explanatory of those phrases and peculiarities which the mere beginner might find it difficult to make out by the aid of the Vocabulary alone; and they generally refer to those parts of the Grammar which treat of the subject more fully. Thus in one volume of a moderate size, and a very moderate price, the student is furnished with materials sufficient for acquiring a fair insight into the Hindustānī tongue.

It may not be improper here to offer the beginner a few hints respecting the mode of perusing this book to the best advantage. In the

*It has not been deemed expedient to extend the Selections, &c., beyond fifty or sixty pages, so that the publishers may be enabled to dispose of the work at a small price. Their object is to afford every one going to India an opportunity of acquiring some knowledge of the language of the country.