PLATE XXXIII. About six inches high. Spike containing about ten flowers. Solidugo, 306, Fl. Lapp. I am indebted to Dr. Afzelius for the information that this Lapland plant had been found in Scotland, and I have now a specimen before me from the mountains of Westmoreland. (On comparing the several kinds of Solidago, S. Lapponica seems still to maintain an independent character, and is remarkable for its unbranched stem, nearly straight, and root-leaves decidedly ovate or even orbicular, toothed, or bluntly crenate, and extending down the leaf-stalk, as we have endeavoured to represent in the annexed plate. E.) CINERARIA.* Recept. naked: Down hair-like: Calyx single, many-leaved, equal: (Seed quadrangular. E.) C. PALUS'TRIS. Flowers in a corymb: leaves broad-spear-shaped, tooth-indented: stem woolly. E. Bot. 151-Fl. Dan. 573—Gmel. ii. 72-Dod. 52. 2-Lob. Ic. i. 347—Ger. Em. 483. 5-H. Ox. vii. 19. 24-Pet. 16. 6-Park. 126. 3. Stem one to three feet high, thick, hollow, angular, clammy, tomentose. Leaves varying extremely in form and manner of growth, clothed with the same woolliness as the stem, without order, sessile, or half embracing the stem, waved, sometimes barely toothed, those immediately beneath the corymb entire. Fruit-stalks branching, (tomentose. E.) Floralleaves awl-shaped, one on each fruit-stalk. Calyx, scales nearly equal, spear-shaped, woolly, membranous at the edge. Blossom pale yellow. Florets of the circumference oval, veined, with two or three teeth at the end, or entire; four lines long, with a short narrow tube. Florets of the centre somewhat shorter. Anthers somewhat longer than the blossom. Style in the perfect longer than the stamens; in the fertile as long as the tube. Seeds small, (furrowed. E.) Down white, as long as the tube of the blossom; rays few. Woodw. MARSH FLEA-WORT. Marshes in Lincolnshire. Fen-ditches about Var. 2. Leaves not jagged. R. Syn. 174. n. 3. Woodward. Var. 3. Less woolly than var. 1. Stem slender, about eighteen inches high. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, toothed, the lower about four inches long, the upper two and a half to one and a half, and not more than one-fourth wide, not so numerous as in var. 1. Flowers smaller. Fructification similar. Near Ramsay, Huntingdonshire. Mr. Woodward. C. INTEGRIFOLIA. Flowers in a terminal umbel, with an involucrum at its base: root-leaves inversely egg-shaped, upper ones lanceolate; all woolly, obscurely toothed. (From cineres, ashes; descriptive of the grey colour of its downy or woolly leaves and stem. E.) (Hook. Fl. Lond. 75. E.)-Jacq. Austr. 180-Fl. Dan. 1177-Allion. 38. 2 —E. Bot. 152-Relh. at p. 220-Jacq. Misc. i. 17. 4-Pet. 17. 4. Root fibrous. Root-leaves on leaf-stalks, spatula-shaped, obscurely toothed, cottony underneath; stem-leaves sessile, spear-shaped, cottony. Stem three to six inches high, simple, cottony, angular. Flowers one to four, yellow. Florets of the circumference ten to fifteen; of the centre numerous, prominent. Calyx furrowed, the edges membranous. Seeds hairy. Down simple. Relh. The size of this plant varies much, as also the number of its flowers. I have before me a specimen two inches and a half high, with only two flowers, and another sent by Mr. Relhan, nine inches high, with an umbel of eight flowers. The fruit-stalk of the central flower but half the length of the others. (Remarkable for the white downy substance with which the leaves and stems, and in some measure the calyx, is covered. Hook. E.) MOUNTAIN FLEA-WORT. C. campestris. Retz. (Willd. De Cand. Pers. Hoffm. Ait. Hook. C. integrifolia. With. Sibth. Relh. Sm. C. integrifolia ß, palustris. Jacq. C. alpina. Huds. Relh. C. alpina y, integrifolia. Linn. E.) Hilly pastures. Gogmagog Hills, Newmarket Heath, and the Devil's Ditch. (Downs of Sussex. Mungewell, on Grimes Dike; and Burford Downs, Oxfordshire. Sibthorp. Near Basingstoke, and Andover. Hudson. Belhan, Isle of Wight; and Flower Down, near Winton. Pulteney. E.) P. May-June. (Var. 2. Maritima. From one to two feet high, or more: all the leaves, especially those of the stem, larger and smoother than those of the above, radical leaves sometimes widely toothed. Marine Flea-wort. Welsh: Chweinllys arfor. On declivities above the sea, at Porth y pistill, and Porth y felin, near Holyhead. Rev. Hugh Davies. E.) I'NULA. Receptacle naked: Down hair-like: Anthers with two bristles at the base of each. : I. HELENIUM. Leaves embracing the stem, egg-shaped, wrinkled, cottony beneath scales of the calyx egg-shaped, (leafy. E.) Woodv. 108-Kniph. 7-Blackw. 473-(E. Bot. 1546. E.)-Ludw. 59— Dod. 344-Lob. Obs. 309. 1, Ic. i. 574. 2-Ger. Em. 793-H. Ox. vii. 24, row 3, fig. the last-Pet. 16. 1-Park. 654-Gars.-Ger. 649-Fl. Dan. 728-Matth. 71—Fuchs. 242—J. B. ii. a. 108—Trag. 170. Stem five or six feet high, branched towards the top, scored, cottony. Leaves, the lower on leaf-stalks, spear-shaped; the upper egg-spearshaped, serrated or toothed, deep green, slightly hairy above, whitish green and thickly cottony underneath. Flowers very large, solitary, terminating the stem and branches. Calyx, the outer egg-spear-shaped, like the leaves; the inner bluntly egg-shaped, cottony. Blossom yellow. Florets of the circumference one to one inch and a half long, with three pointed teeth at the end. Down shorter than the florets. Woodw. ELECAMPANE. (Irish: Meacan Eclin. Welsh: Marchalan; Llwyglys. E.) Moist meadows and pastures. In Essex, frequent; about St. Ive's, Cornwall; Bugden, Huntingdonshire; between Denbigh and St. Asaph. Hudson: (and near the ruin and well at Wigfair, the seat of John Lloyd, (For want of a more rational interpretation, supposed to be a corruption of eλewo, as fabled to have sprung from the tears of HELEN. E.) Esq., Denbighshire; also at the bottom of the wall of a field bordering Garn dingle, in the same county. E.) Side of Bredon Hill, ascending from Great Comberton, Worcestershire. Nash. Ripton and Warboys, Huntingdonshire, the latter far removed from any house; Mettingham, Suffolk; not uncommon in Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. In a pasture ground near Wick Cliffs, Gloucestershire. Rev. G. Swayne. Several places near Dalton, clearly in a wild state. Mr. Atkinson. (Very plentiful in the fields and lanes about Aber, Carnarvonshire. Waring. Byland Wood near Cox would, Yorkshire. Rev. Archdeacon Pierson; and pastures about Fountains Abbey. Mr. Brunton. Castle Eden Dean, Durham. Mr. Winch. In Studley Castle field, and Grafton, Warwickshire; Himley wood, Staffordshire. Bree; Purton. Between King's Bridge and Llangoed Mill, Anglesey. Welsh Bot. Ruins of Mugdoch Castle, near Glasgow. Hopkirk. E.) P. July-Aug.* I. DYSENTER'ICA. Leaves embracing the stem, heart-oblong, downy: stem woolly, forming a kind of panicle: scales of the calyx bristle-shaped. Curt. 164-(E. Bot. 1115. E.)-Kniph. 12-Fl. Dan. 410-Walc.-Matth. 872-Clus. ii. 21. 1-Dod. 52. 1-Lob. Obs. 187. 1, and Ic. i. 345. 2→ Ger. Em. 482. 3-Pet. 16. 2-H. Ox. vii. 19. 7-Fuchs. 436—J. B. ii. 1050. 1. Stem upright, twelve to eighteen inches high, E.) cylindrical, scored, cottony, branched towards the top. Leaves spear-shaped, obscurely toothed, arrow-shaped at the base, cottony on both sides. Flowers terminating the stem and branches, solitary. Calyx scales numerous, cottony. Blossom yellow. Florets of the circumference with three teeth at the end. Down as long as the tube of the blossom. Woodw. (A variety with very short rays has been described by Relhan, in Fl. Cantab. E.) COMMON ELECAMPANE. (Welsh: Cedowys cyffredin. E.) Moist meadows and pastures, watery places, sides of brooks and rivulets. A. Aug.—Oct.t (I. PULICA'RIA. E.) Upper-leaves embracing the stem, wavy, strapspear-shaped, blunt: stem (very much branched, hairy: flowers hemispherical, those of the circumference very short. E.) Dicks. H. S.—Curt. 156—(E. Bot. 1196. E.)—Sheldr.—Fl. Dan. 613— Blackw. 103-Ger. 390. 2-Trag. 166-Lonic. i. 131. 3-Dod. 52. 3— Lob. Obs. 187. 2, and Ic. i. 345. 1-Ger. Em. 482. 4—H. Ox. vii. 20. 30 -Pet. 16. 3. The root is esteemed a good pectoral. Dr. Hill affirms, from his own experience, that an infusion of the fresh root, sweetened with honey, is an excellent medicine in the hooping cough. A decoction of the root cures sheep affected with the scab, Horses and goats eat it; cows, sheep and swine refuse it. (Mr. Rose has obtained a white substance from the concentrated juice of this plant much resembling starch, though neither exactly that nor gum, but a farinaceous powder holding a middle rank between the two.-It is cultivated for the sake of the root, which in Germany is used candied as a stomachic, and is gently stimulating, as Angelica; a decoction outwardly applied is said to cure Psora. E.) + It has a peculiar scent, compared by some to that of soap. The Russian soldiers, in the Persian expedition under General Keit, were much relieved from dysentery, by the use of this plant. Cows are not fond of it; goats and sheep refuse it. Linn. A horse eat it, but it is generally left untouched. St. (Cassida maculata is found on its leaves. E.) Stem (about a span high, E.) cylindrical,_scored, smooth, crooked, often tinged with purple, much branched. Leaves, the lower sessile; upper embracing the stem, spear-shaped, waved at the edge, slightly hairy and cottony. Flowers numerous, solitary. Calyx scales numerous, awlshaped, woolly, the lower spreading. Blossom yellow. Florets of the circumference with three teeth at the end; often wanting. Down shorter than the florets; rays few. Woodw. (The general appearance and form of the flowers is the same in each species, and the stems, though frequently upright, are sometimes found trailing. Fl. Brit. E.) SMALL ELECAMPANE. I. pulicaria. Linn. I. uliginosa. Sibth. I. cylindrica. With. Hull. Sym. Road-sides, and where water has stagnated during the winter. A. Aug.-Oct. I. CRITHMOIDES. Leaves strap-shaped, fleshy, generally three-pointed: (calyx smooth. E.) E. Bot. 68-J. B. ii. a. 106. 3-Dod. 706. 1-Lob. Obs. 215. 1, and Ic. i. 395. 2-Ger. Em. 533. 3-Park. 1287-H. Ox. vii. 21. 16-Pet. 17. 9Matth. 491-Ger. 427. 3. Stem (one foot high, upright, sometimes decumbent. E.) firm, smooth, scored, branched. Leaves at the ends of the branches crowded. Flowers solitary, (yellow, large and showy, E.) terminating the upper branches. Fruit-stalks thick. Calyx, scales numerous, awl-shaped, fleshy, yellowish green. Seeds woolly. Down (reddish, E.) shorter than the florets; rays few, when viewed with a glass finely toothed on one side. Woodw. Lower-leaves with teeth at the end, and sometimes a little toothed at the sides; upper ones entire. (SAMPHIRE-LEAVED ELECAMPANE. GOLDEN SAMPIRE. Welsh: Cedowys sugawl; Sampier y geifr. E.) Salt-marshes on the sea-coast, in muddy soil. P. Aug. DORO'NICUM.+ Receptacle naked: Down hair-like: Calyx scales in two rows, equal, longer than the blossoms: Seeds of the circumference without down. D. PARDALIAN'CHES. Leaves heart-shaped, blunt, finely toothed: root-leaves stalked; others embracing the stem; (both strongly veined beneath. E.) (Hook. Fl. Lond. 88. E.)-Jacq. Austr. 350-(E. Bot. 630. E.)-Ludw. 57—Kniph. 2—Blackw. 239-Clus. ii. 19-Ger. Em. 762—Park. 321. 7— H. Ox. vii. 24. 4-Mill. 128-Gars. 15. (Stem erect, two or three feet high, rough with hairs, slightly viscid towards the top. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, yellow. Scales of the calyx (The young branches of this plant are frequently sold in the London market for samphire, but they have none of the warm aromatic taste of the true samphire, (Crithmum maritimum. E.) +(So called from Doronigi, the Arabian name of the plant: and hence, as Mr. Phillips observes, its celebrity among those Nomadian tribes, (from whom the medical virtues of numerous plants have been made known in Europe,) may be inferred; or, as some imagine, from dopcy, a gift; and x, victory; from its power of destroying. E.) (From a poos, a leopard, and ayyew, to strangle, or destroy: having been formerly used, mixed with flesh, to poison wild beasts: and expressive of the same practice, is the terminal to the English name of this and some other species, (as Wolf's-bane, Cow-bone, Flea-bune, &c.) derived from the Saxon. E.) strap-shaped, sharp-pointed, hairy. Fl. Brit. Root tuberous at intervals, the tubers transversely striated, ovate, with fibres from each side; (Hook.) hence in general form resembling a scorpion, and thus Bauhin, "D. radice Scorpii." Lamarck. E.) GREAT LEOPARD'S-BANE. About Hoddam Castle, Annandale, and several other places in the Lowlands. Lightfoot. Near the World's End, Harrowgate. Mr. Manby. Banks of the Severn, below Bridgnorth. (By the road-side, near Saling Hall, Essex. Mr. Walford, in Fl. Brit. Mountains of Northumberland. Gerard. Hedge in a lane leading from Widdington, to a wood called the Jock, Essex. Mr. T. F. Forster, in Bot. Guide. Woods at Catton, by Norwich. Mr. Lindley, in Fl. Lond. E.) P. May-June. BELLIS.+ Recept. naked, conical: Down none: Calyx hemispherical, with equal scales: Seed inversely eggshaped. B. PEREN'NIS. (Fruit-stalk naked, radical: leaves obovate, crenate: root creeping. E.) Curt.-(E. Bot. 424. E.)-Kniph. 1-Fl. Dan. 503-Walc.-Blackw. 200Ludw. 184-Matth. 912-Dod. 265. 1-Lob. Obs. 252. 2, and Ic. i. 476. 1 -Ger. Em. 636. 5-Pet. 19. 2—Ger. 510. 4-H. Ox. vi. 8. 26-Ger. 510. 3-Ger. Em. 636. 4-Park. 530. 11-H. Ox. vi. 8. 29-Fuchs. 147Trag. 161. Stalk hairy, solid at the bottom, hollow upwards, sometimes with a few leaves. Relh. Leaves blunt, spread upon the ground. Florets in the centre yellow, those in the circumference notched at the end, white above, more or less empurpled beneath. (Receptacle hollow, conical. Few plants vary in size more than the Daisy according to the nature of the soil in which it grows: in poor land dwindling to little more than an inch in height, with a wiry stem; in rich mould rising to four or five inches in height, with all its parts proportionably expanded. These different appearances have induced some Botanists to describe varieties, or even new species, but which, on change of situation, have failed to maintain a permanent character. E.) COMMON DAISY. (Scotch: GoWAN. Irish: Noinin. Welsh: Llygad y dydd cyffredin. Gaelic: Noinein. E.) Meadows and pastures. P. March-Oct.§ (This plant can scarcely be deemed an aboriginal. The older authorities did not consider it indigenous, and though now occasionally found in an apparently wild state, it has merely in the course of time become naturalized. It had formerly a place in our gardens, the root being esteemed a valuable alexipharmic, but whatever may have been its virtues, its deleterious effects, when given incautiously, are unquestionable. Matthiolus records the instance of a dog being killed by it; and there is some reason to believe that the mortal career of the celebrated Conrad Gesner, the German Pliuy, or as Boerhaave styles him, that "Monstrum Eruditionis," was prematurely closed by experimenting with this fatal herb. E.) + (From bellus, pretty. E.) (Q. d. the eye of day, opening with the sun. Bairnwort in Yorkshire, probably from the delight which children take in gathering these flowers. E.) § The leaves are slightly acrid. The roots have a penetrating pungency. Horses, sheep, and cows refuse it. Linn. (Ludovici recommends it as an antiscorbutic. But, without insisting on its problematical virtues, this interesting little plant proves infinitely more attractive as La Belle Marguerite of the French, (perhaps so designated from its pearly aspect); the "Bonnie gem," of the Ayrshire ploughman; the "Wee, modest, crimson-tipped flower," |