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Distinguishable by its broad leaves, size, and root which creeps very much. Linn. Leaves rather toothed than serrated. Floral-leaves very slender; as long or longer than the partial fruit-stalk. Strap-shaped florets about seven or eight. Flowers yellow. (Ray with broad ligulate florets. Stem three to five feet high, smooth. Leaves alternate, sessile. Calyx slightly cottony; scales at the base spear-shaped. Seeds smooth. E.) BROAD-LEAVED GROUNDSEL or RAGWORT. Moist meadows and pastures and ditch banks, (very uncommon. E.) Between Wells and Glastonbury, and near Shepton-Mallet, and elsewhere in Somersetshire. Bobart. Near Halifax. Mr. Newton. Fields about Salkeld. Ray. About Clapham and Ingleton, Yorkshire. Hudson. In the hedges near Longtown, and on the side of the river below Carlisle. Mr. Jackson. (Near Settle. Mr. J. Windsor. Brawsholme, nineteen miles from Preston. Rev. J. Rudd; near Chester. Mr. Okell; in a watery lane near Preston Hall, between Kirkby Lonsdale and Kendal. Sir J. E. Smith. E. Bot. (On a small island of the Clyde a little below Bothwell-bridge. Dr. Brown. Border of a field near Mugdock castle, Glasgow. Hopkirk, in Hook. Scot. In a meadow at Abenbury, near Wrexham, close to the side of the brook called Llender, in the holding of Robert Ellis, tenant of Tyn y Coed; also on the banks of the river Dee above Eaton Boat, Cheshire. Mr. Griffith. E.) P. July-Aug. ASTER. Recept. naked: Down hair-like; radiating florets more than ten Calyx tiled; the lowermost scales expanding.

A. TRIPO'LIUM. (Stem smooth, corymbose: E.) leaves strap-spearshaped, fleshy, smooth, three-ribbed: calyx scales blunt, somewhat membranous.

(Hook. Fl. Lond. 196. E.)-E. Bot. 87-Fl. Dan. 615-Gmel. ii. 80. 2J. B. ii. 1064. 2—Ger. 333—Dod. 379-Lob. Obs. 157. 4, and Ic. i. 296. 1 -Ger. Em. 413. 1-Park. 674-Pet. 17. 10-Lob. Obs. 158. 1, and Ic. i. 296. 2-Ger. Em. 413. 2-Pet. 17. 11-H. Ox. vii. 22. 36. Stems one to three feet high. Flowering-branches from the bosom of the upper leaves. Fruit-stalks branched. Calyx scales in two or three unequal rows, short, egg-shaped, scored, green and brown, with reddish brown anthers. Florets of the circumference spear or strap-shaped, pointed, frequently cloven at the point. Woodw. Flowers with somewhat of a sweetish scent, (and varying much in degree of colour, whence the specific name. E.) Florets of the circumference twenty-one to twenty-three, of a bluish lilac, (sometimes white. E.) Florets of the centre fewer, about eighteen, (deep yellow. Down of a reddish colour. Plant herbaceous, slightly glaucous, smooth, greatly varying in size. Leaves coriaceous, very entire. Lowermost scales of the calyx less decidedly spreading than in other species. E.)

SEA STARWORT. (Welsh: Serenllys y morfa. E.) Salt marshes on the sea coast, in muddy soil, and in salt marshes in the inland parts of the kingdom, as near Shirley Wich, Staffordshire; in a meadow between

* Phalana fuliginosa, Jacobæa, and pronuba, live upon the several species. (This plant is reported to have been valued as a vulnerary by the Saracens, and is certainly an astringent of no mean power. E.)

+ (From Aσtne, a star; the flower assuming the stellate, or radiated form. E.)

the Trent and the canal. Dr. Stokes. West side of Walney Island. Mr. Atkinson. Shore of the Avon, a little above the Hotwell, Bristol, between the walk and the river. (Dickenson's Dingle and Garston, near Liverpool; Brading, Isle of Wight. Dr. Bostock. Frequent in the salt marshes of Dorset. Pulteney. In salt marshes on Tyne and Wear, not uncommon. Mr. Winch. Banks of the Thames, between Richmond and Kew. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. i. 83. Sea mill-dam, Burntisland bay; Inverkeithing bay. Mr. Neill. Grev. Edin. Shores of Anglesey. Welsh_Bot. On the south shore of the Teign near Combe Cellars. B. Botfield, Esq.; and in small bays opposite, near to Brookfield House. E.) P. Aug.-Sept. Var. 2. All the florets tubular.

About Bristol, frequent. Ray.

Pet. 17. 12.

(A foreign species, A. fragilis, from North America, is reported by Mr. Winch to have become naturalized on an island at the junction of North and South Tyne; and may possibly, at some future period, like many other plants fortuitously introduced, obtain admission into the British Flora. E.)

SOLIDA'GO. Recept. naked, pitted: Down hair-like: Florets of the circumference about five: Calyx, scales tiled, laid close.

S. VIRGAU'REA. (Stem serpentine, angular: leaves mostly sessile, partly serrated: flowers in crowded, downy panicles. E.)

Var. 1. Stem branched; leaves strongly serrated.

E. Bot. 301-Ludw. 150-Sheldr. 63-Blackw. 169-Ger. 348. 2-Tabern. 1260-Pet. 16. 10-Dod. 142. 2—Lob. Obs. 159. 2, and Ic. i. 299. 1-Ger. Em. 430. 2-H. Ox. vii. 23, row 1. 4.

Var. 2. Stem branched; leaves indistinctly serrated.

Fl. Dan. 663-Kniph. 7—Matth. 1006—Dod. 142. 1—Lob. Obs. 159. 1, and Ic. i. 298, 2-Ger. Em. 430. 1-Ger. 348. 1-Pet. 16. 9-H. Ox. vii. 23. 20.

From (six inches, E.) to four feet high. Lower leaves oval-spear-shaped, tapering into leaf-stalks, distantly serrated, but towards the point almost entire, rough, slightly hairy, dark green above, sea green underneath, with numerous reticulated veins; the upper alternate, nearly sessile, spear-shaped, entire, or nearly so. Flowering-branches axillary, the lower shorter, the upper longer than the leaves, with six to eight flowers on branched fruit-stalks. Flower-scales one or two on each fruit-stalk. Calyx, scales unequal, spear-shaped, with a green line along the back, and whitish, shining, membranous edges. Seeds brown, convex on one

Goats and horses eat it. Cows and swine refuse it. Sheep are not fond of it. Linn. May it not when growing in an inland situation, be depended on as a proof of the existence of salt springs? St. (It is not unfrequently gathered and sold for samphire, either by mistake, or from its being collected without hazard; but it is supposed not to possess the like detersive qualities. Called Tripolium, because, according to Dioscorides, the flower changes its colour thrice in one day; but no such phenomenon is observable in our climate. E.)

+ (From solidando vulnera, on account of its reputed efficacy in healing wounds. E.)

side, flat on the other, hairy the whole length, nearly as long as the calyx Woodw. Stem, leaves, calyx, and tubular parts of the florets thick set with very short, opaque, white, bristly hairs. Calyx within of a silvery white, the outer scales much shorter. Florets of the centre, segments reflexed: of the circumference six to eight, reflexed, with four or five faint longitudinal scores, and three or four teeth at the end. Blossom yellow. COMMON GOLDEN-ROD. WOUNDWORT. (Welsh: Eurwialen; Melyneuraidd. E.) S. Virga-aurea. Hort. Cliff. Woods, hedges, heaths, copses. P. Aug. Sept.†

Var. 3. Stem serpentine, unbranched; leaves spear-shaped; flowers in a spike-like terminating bunch.

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(Three to seven inches high; stem straight, unbranched; leaf-stalks as long as the spear-shaped leaves. These plants are so variable in size, and other more proper characteristics; that it is most difficult to determine species and varieties. E.)

Welsh-golden-rod. (S. Cambrica. Huds. With. Hull. Ait. Willd. S. virgaurea y. Sm. E.) Pastures on the top of y Glyder Mountain, in Wales. Llwyd. Mountains about Llanberris, and on those of Yorkshire and Westmoreland. Hudson. Llyn y Cwm, near Snowdon. Pennant. On the rocky precipice on the summit of Ingleborough, to the northwest. Mr. Woodward. Near Kendal. Mr. Gough. (On rocks at Winch Bridge. Teesdale. Winch Guide. E.) P. July.

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S. LAPPONICA. Stem straight, unbranched: root-leaves egg-shaped, on bordered leaf-stalks: stem-leaves spear-shaped, sessile: flowers in a spike-like terminal cluster, axillary to the upper leaves.

* (The terminal wort, so frequently recurring in English compounds, is derived from the Saxon, being a general name for a herb in that language. E.)

+(The abundance of blossoms which this plant yields during the autumn affords a feast for bees when other flowers fail. Golden-rod, which will flourish in poor soil, should be cultivated near to every apiary. T. T. 1817.-Though Curculio Asteris, as its name bespeaks, is usually connected with the Chinese Aster, its larvæ will be found feeding on our present plant, to which it appears to be partial. Vid. Curt. Brit. Entom. vol. i. pl. 45.—It was formerly esteemed as a vulnerary, tonie, and diuretic, especially serviceable in calculous complaints. Vid. Med. and Phys. Journ. vol. 19. and a case in Gent. Mag. 1788. Notwithstanding, however, even Gerard's authority and warm encomium, it has latterly fallen into comparative neglect. "In my practice," says that author, "it shall be placed in the foremost ranke:" and, alluding to the high price the herb bore as a foreign production, till discovered growing near London, the same honest writer very justly remarks, (what may well be applied to various other occasions), "which plainly setteth foorth our inconstancie and sudden mutabilitie, esteeming no longer of any thing (how pretious soerer it be) than whilest it is strange and rare. This verifieth our English proverbe, 'Far fetcht and deere bought, is best for ladies :' or rather for fantasticall physitions. Thus much I have spoken, to bring these new fangled fellowes backe againe to esteeme better of this admirable plant."-Dr. Molyneux has the following remark," Pulvis foliorum, aut florum, vel integra herbæ exsiccatæ, et in nares attractus, sternutationes fortissimè excitat." But what will the modern beau think of the commentary of another physician, who says, "I look upon common snuffing to be the meanest way of debauchery; hurting the eyes and ears, and shocking the senses, stuffing the stomach and lungs, and most practised by the most unpolite of men." Stirp. Hibern. E.)

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