Imatges de pàgina
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G. GERMAN'ICUM. (Stem erect, proliferous: heads globose, manyflowered, lateral and terminal: leaves acute: (calyx-scales bristle-pointed. Sm. E.)

(Hook. Fl. Lond.-E. Bot. 946. E.)—Fl. Dan. 997—Sheldr. 92—Park. 685. 3-Pet. 18. 10-Fuchs. 222-J. B. iii. a. 158-Lonic. i. 174. 3Matth. 861-Dod. 66. 2-Lob. Obs. 255. 1, and Ic. i. 480. 2-Ger. Em. 642. 10-H. Ox. vii. 11. 10-Pet. 18. 9—Ger. 517. 9.

(Stem six to eight inches high, leafy, terminated by a globular head of small ovate flowers, from beneath which spring several horizontal branches, in a proliferous manner, each terminated by a similar head of flowers; hence the old Botanists applied the term "Herba impia" to this plant, as if the offspring were undutifully exalting itself above the parent. Florets yellow. Hook. Whole herb grey and cottony. E.)

COMMON CUDWEED. CHAFEWEED. Irish: Liah Luss Roid. Welsh: Llys y gynddaredd; Pen llwyd. G. Germanicum. Huds. Relh. Willd. Sm. Hook. Grev. E.) Filago Germanica. Linn. Lightf. Barren meadows, pastures, and road sides. A. July-Aug.t CONY ZA. Recept. naked: Down hair-like: Calyx tiled, roundish: Florets of the circumference trifid.

C. SQUARRO'SA. Leaves spear-shaped, downy, crenate: stem herbaceous: flowers in a corymb: scales of the calyx with their points recurved.

(E. Bot. 1195. E.)-Blackw. 102—J. B. ii. 1051. 2—Matth. 870—Clus. ii. 21.2-Dod. 51. 2-Lob. Obs. 308. 3, and Ic. i. 574. 1-Ger. Em. 792— Park. 114-Pet. 18. 1-H. Ox. vii. 19. 23-Fl. Dan. 622.

Leaves oval-spear-shaped, irregularly serrated, woolly on both sides, decreasing in size upwards, those at the base of the flowering branches spear-shaped, or strap-spear-shaped, scarce perceptibly serrated. Flowers numerous. Fruit-stalks short, woolly. Floral-leaves spear-shaped, small, one on each fruit-stalk. Calyx, scales strap-spear-shaped, numerous, the lower green, the upper yellowish, points green and expanding. Seeds small, blackish, furrowed. Down sessile, as long as the calyx. Woodw. Stem two or three feet high; nearly cylindrical, reddish, rough with short woolly hairs. Blossom dusky purple, or yellowish. (The whole plant bitter, and slightly aromatic. Receptacle tubercled. E.) PLOWMAN'S SPIKENARD. (Welsh: Cadowydd; Meddyg Mair. E.) Mountainous meadows and pastures and road sides in a calcareous soil. Woods in Norfolk in a clayey soil, very common. Sir J. E. Smith. At Force Forge, and at Hollow Oak in Furness Fells. Mr. Jackson. On the common near Pennybridge. Mr. Atkinson. (Plentiful about St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol. Fl. Brit. Penmon, &c. Anglesey. Welsh Bot. At the foot of Knowle-hill, Brislington, near Bristol. Dr. C. Fox. About Corfe Castle, in the lanes about Marnhull, and under Hod Hill, Dorset. Dr. Pulteney. Holcombe lane side; and vale of Dudcombe, near Painswick. Mr. Oade Roberts. Box Hill, and Matlock. Mr. Winch.

• (As being used to cure chafed flesh. E.)

It is given to cattle that have the bloody flux; and has been tried with success in similar disorders of the human body.

(From xóa, i, e. cuni-lago: the leaves, according to Pliny, destroying gnats and fleas. E.)

Addington Hills, Surry. Mr. W. Christy. Road side between Warwick and Myton. About Mirables, Undercliff, Isle of Wight; and about Teignmouth. E.) Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire. B. July-Aug.-Sept. ERIGERON.+ Recept. naked: Down hair-like: Florets of the circumference strap-shaped, very narrow, (numerous: Cal. tiled. Fl. Brit. E.)

E. CANADEN'SE. (Stem hairy, panicled, many-flowered: leaves spearshaped, fringed: lower ones toothed. E.)

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(E. Bot. 2019-Fl. Dan. 1274. E.)-Bocc. Rar. 46, at p. 86-H. Or. vii. 20. 29-Pet. 16. 12-Zanon. 23. 1.

Stem firm, frequently crooked, much branched towards the top. Leaves, the lower oval, tapering into a leaf-stalk; those above spear-shaped, with distant serratures, slightly hairy on the upper surface, more so underneath; those at the base of, and on the branches, strap-spearshaped, very entire, sessile. Flowers numerous. Fruit-stalks slender, branched and simple. Calyx outer scales short, the inner longer, strapshaped, with a green line along the back, whitish and membranous at the edge. Florets very small. Seeds minute. Down sessile, simple, as long as the florets. Woodw. Florets in the centre, yellow; those in the circumfcrence white, with a tinge of red. Stem one to two feet high. E.) CANADA FLEA-BANE. Cultivated ground and on rubbish. (About London. Ray. Sunderland Ballast Hills. Mr. Weighell. Sandy ground below the bridge at Neath, Glamorganshire. Mr. Middleton, in E. Bot. E.) St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol. A. Aug. Sept.‡

E. ALPINUM. Leaves blunt, woolly underneath: stem with one or two flowers: calyx rather hairy. :

(E. Bot. 464. E.)—Fl. Dan. 292-Fl. Lapp. 9. 3-J. B. ii. 1047, right hand figure.

Stems a finger's length, unbranched, supporting a single flower, scored, besprinkled with hairs. Leaves few, alternate, spear-shaped, green, nearly smooth above, set underneath with expanding hairs. Calyx, scales numerous, equal in length, spear-shaped; the outer scales broader, expanding, with longer hairs on both surfaces. Florets in the circumference white, as long as the calyx. Petals very numerous, strap-shaped, and entire. Style thread-shaped, white, acute, cloven. Central florets numerous, yellow; styles yellow, cloven, blunt. Fl. Suec. Down a reddish rust-colour. Sp. Pl. Linnæus seems to consider E. alpinum and uniflorum, as one

(More particularly troublesome on converted heaths; the scythe is of little use in destroying it; dressings of clay or marl will soon cause this weed to disappear. Its presence denotes sterility. Sinclair. E.)

+ (From ng, the spring, and yepov, an old man; alluding to its hoary and gray appearance in that season. E.)

(The bark of this plant, after having undergone the process of soaking, may be manufactured into excellent paper; as stated by M. Losaune to the Agricultural Society of Turin. The English name of Flea-bane is derived from its reputed power when burned, to destroy such vermin; and has been applied likewise to Conyza squarrosa, but more correctly to the present genus: and perhaps more especially to the plant of Dioscorides and Theophrastus, (E. viscosum), whose leaves interspersed with glutinous glands, and often purposely anointed with milk, attract and entangle the numerous insects which prove a sore annoyance in the south of Europe. E.)

species, observing that the former sometimes bears a panicle of white flowers, and the calyxes smooth. Blossom purple and yellow. (Calyx slightly hairy, not woolly as in E. uniflorum. Seeds bristly. Fl. Brit. E.) (ALPINE FLEA-BANE. E.) Found by Mr. Dickson on wet rocks on Ben Lawers; (but first discovered in this Island by the Rev. Mr. Stuart of Luss, on Ben Lawers, and on Shuc and Lochain. Mr. Brown.

P. July. E.) (The real E. uniflorum of Linnæus is reported to have been found also on Ben Lawers, and on rocks by the river Almond, near Lindoch, seven miles from Perth, by Mr. Don, but these two species still appear to be involved in ambiguity. Vid. Linn. Tr. x. 346. and E. Bot. 2416. We have now before us Ben Lawers specimens from Mr. Brown, and a note by that learned Botanist to the following effect." I am nearly convinced that E. alpinum of Linn. as he himself suspected, is merely a variety of E. uniflorum. Our plant, which does not perfectly correspond with the account he gives of either, may possibly be an intermediate var. The corollulæ of the radius always purple; the stem most frequently with only one flower, more rarely with two: the pappus never "rufo-ferrugineus," but greyish, though this is probably a variable circumstance. One specimen gathered in Ireland had the pappus of a very dilute ferruginous colour. Fl. Dan. 292. is certainly this plant, though the specimen there figured exceeds in size our native ones very considerably." Respecting E. alpinum and uniflorum, Prof. Hooker observes, "Smith gives to E. uniflorum the character of florets of the ray erect,' so they are frequently in E. alpinum; and as I can see no other mark either in Smith's figure or in the specimens that I have received from the discoverer Mr. G. Don, I feel little hesitation in uniting the two." E.)

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E. A'CRE. (Stem racemose: peduncles mostly single-flowered: leaves lanceolate-tongue-shaped: sessile. E.)

Curt.-(E. Bot. 1158. E.)-J. B. ii. 1043. 2—Dod. 641. 4-Ger. Em. 484. 10-Park. 126. 6-Pet. 16. 4—Col. Ecphr. ii. 26. 2—H. Ox. vii. 20. 25. Stems six to eighteen inches high, somewhat angular, hairy, often purple. Leaves, the lower oval, tapering down into a leaf-stalk; the upper spearshaped, the uppermost strap-shaped, hairy on both sides, but mostly at the edge, very entire, often waved at the edge. Calyx scales unequal, awl-shaped, hairy. Florets of the circumference purple, a little longer than those of the centre; florets of the centre yellow. Down sessile, simple, yellow, as long as the florets. Woodw. Fruit-stalks supporting from one to three flowers. (Seeds rough. E.)

BLUE FLEA-BANE. (Welsh: Ammrhydllwyd rhuddlas. E.) Dry meadows and pastures in a calcareous soil. Narford, Norfolk; (and on old walls at Ely; E.) Mr. Woodward. St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol. Lime Rocks, Dudley. Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire. (Between Llanerch Bridge and the village of Dymerchion, Flintshire; and about Denbigh Castle, in which stations it was pointed out to the Editor by Mr. Griffith.-In a copse a little to the east of Bradbury; in Langton Copse, near Blandford. Pulteney. On Newborough Common, Anglesey. Welsh. Bot. Ballast hills of Tyne and Wear; Hartlepool, Durham; Ryegate Hill, Surry. Mr. Winch. On a wall at Hords Park, and by the side of the turnpike road opposite to Faintree House, near Bridgnorth; At Allesley and Meriden, Warwickshire. Bree, in Purton. Kingsgate, near Ramsgate. Mr. W. Christy. Spoonbed Hill, Painswick. Mr. Oade Roberts. On

old stone walls at the Rookery, and other like situations, in the parish of Brislington, near Bristol; and by the road side two or three miles from Clevedon, Somersetshire, approaching from Bristol. E.)

B. July-Sept. (also early in Spring. Fl. Brit. E.)

TUSSILA'GO.* Recept. naked: Down hair like: Calyx tumid at the base; scales equal, as tall as the surface of florets, somewhat membranous: (Seed obovate, compressed. E.)

T. FAR FARA.† Stalk single-flowered, tiled: leaves somewhat heartshaped, angular, finely toothed.

Curt. (E. Bot. 429. E.)-Kniph. 6-Walc.-Ludw. 50-Blackw. 204-Fl. Dan. 595-Woodv. 13-H. Or. vii. 12, row 1. 1, f. 1-Dod. 596. 1, and 2 -Lob. Obs. 320. 1 and 2, and Ie. i. 589. 1 and 2-Ger. Em. 811-Ger. 666 Park. 1220-Pet. 17. 8 and 7-Fuchs. 140-J. B. iii. b. 563. 8— Trag. 418-Matth. 844-Lonic. i. 226. 2.

Root creeping (far and wide. E.) Leaves appearing as the flowers are going off, with several blunt fobes sharply toothed, green above with reddish veins, white and cottony underneath, the cotton easily rubbing off. Leaf-stalks long, reddish brown. Stalks numerous solitary or in clusters, three to five inches high, lengthening after flowering, cottony, clothed with spear-shaped scales embracing the stalk, of a green mixed with brown. Flowers while in blossom upright, after flowering hanging down, but when the down of the seeds expands becoming upright again. Calyx, scales strap-shaped, reddish brown. Blossoms yellow. Florets of the circumference very narrow, in two or three rows, as long as the calyx, expanding. Florets of the centre tubular, swelling upwards; clefts five, spear-shaped, bent back. Summit before the anthers have discharged their pollen covered by them, club-shaped and simple, but afterwards lengthened beyond them. Down sessile, longer than the calyx. Woodw. COMMON COLT'S-FOOT. (Irish: Ahain. Welsh: Alan bychan ; Carn yr ebol. Gaelic: An gallan gainbhich ; chluas-liath.

Pastures and moistish places, in moist, s tiff, clayey soil, and on limestone rubbish. P. March-April.‡

(From tussis, a cough, the plant being useful in allaying pectoral disorders. E.) +Farfarus, from its leaves resembling those of the White Poplar, (so called by the ancients) as

“Eos prosternebam ut folia Farfari.”—Plaut. Pæn. E.)

It is the first plant that vegetates in marl or limestone rubble, (and is very injurious to ploughed lands. Holdich observes that every part of the root will produce a plant, and though buried to the depth of a yard or more, it will vegetate, send up a stem to the surface, and spread with astonishing rapidity. It must never be suffered to produce flowers, or fully expand its leaves. Draining, paring, and burning, followed by a naked summer fallow, with hoeing in due season, will completely eradicate this nuisance. E.) The downy substance on the under surface of the leaves, wrapped in rag, dipped in a solution of salt petre, and dried in the sun, makes the best tinder. The leaves are the basis of the British Herb Tobacco. (Pliny records its being used for smoking in ancient times as a remedy for obstinate coughs, and recommends both the roots and leaves. E.) They are somewhat austere, bitterish, and mucilaginous to the taste. They were formerly much esteemed in coughs and consumptive complaints; and perhaps not without reason, for Dr. Callen found them of considerable service in scrophulous cases; he gave a decoction of the dried leaves, which succeeded where sea water failed, Mat. Med. p. 458.-Fuller relates the case of a girl, with twelve

T. PETASITES. (Panicle crowded, ovate-oblong: leaves heart-shaped, unequally toothed, with the lobes approximate, downy beneath. E.)

Curt. 134-(E. Bot. 431. E.)-Blackw. 222-Fl. Dan. 842-Clus. ii. 116. 1 and 2-Dou 597-Lob. Obs. 321.2 and 3, and Ic. i. 591-Ger. Em. 814: Pet. 15. 12 and 11—Ger. 668-H. Ox. vii. 12. 1, f. 3-Park. 419. f. 3— Fuchs. 645-J. B. iii. 566. 2—Trag. 415-Lonic. i. 226. 1—Matth. 845. (Root much creeping. Leaves, which come off after the flowers, excessively large, all radical, on long foot-stalks. Scape a span high, thick, and scaly, with lanceolate spreading bracteas. Flowers purplish. Some plants have all the florets with perfect germens, in which case the stigma is deeply cleft and linear, and the anthers are imperfect and not united; others have imperfect germens, when the stigma is very much incrassated and ovate, tuberculated, and very slightly notched, whilst at the same time the anthers are perfect, united, or syngenesious, purple, with white pollen. The former with perfect germens, producing no seed, have almost universally gone by the name of T. hybrida, and to the latter the name of T. Petasites has usually been confined. As these plants frequently grow separate, the fruit is rare; but nature has made ample amends, and by the long creeping roots this species is multiplied, and proves very destructive to pasture lands. Hook. E.)

(The fertile plant, (as first suggested in England by Smith, and on the Continent by Ehrhart, though the former learned author deems it more correct to consider it as "a casual variety in which the fertile or seed-bearing organs predominate," rather than as the proper fertile plant), T. hybrida, of authors, figured in Hook. Fl. Lond. 129. E. Bot. 430. Dill. Elth. p. 309. t. 230,) is this minutely described by Prof. Hooker. "Root, leaves, flower-stalk, thyrsus, bracteas, and involucre, precisely similar to those of the barren state of T. Petasites, except in the thyrsus being more elongated. Flowers nearly all fertile, very few barren. Fertile florets slender, tubular, of a purplish rose-colour, slightly incrassated above, the limb quinquifid, erecto-patent. Barren-florets very few, rather shorter and broader than the fertile ones, thickened upwards, limb quinquefid, patent. Stamens inserted above the middle of the carolla. Filaments white, short. Anthers oblong, furnished with, an appendage at the extremity, purplish. Pollen white. Germen ovate, smooth, abortive. Style filiform, white, a little longer than the corolla. Stigma remarkably incrassated, minutely tuberculated, acute and bifid at the extremity. Anthers none. Germen ovate, striated. Style somewhat longer than the corolla, filiform, white Stigma slightly incrassated, bifid. Pericarp ovate, striated brown, terminated by a white sessile, simple, scabrous pappus." E.)

(Long-stalked Colt's-foot or Butter-bur. T. Petasites, fæm. As the first described is the sterile, so this is the fertile state of the same plant, and not a distinct species, as generally designated under the name of T. hybrida. It grows in similar situations, but is less abundant. E.)

scrophulous sores, who was cured by drinking, daily, as much as she could, for above four months, of a decoction of the leaves made so strong as to be sweetish and glutinous. Med. Gymn. p. 91. Goat and sheep eat it. Cows are fond of it. Horses and swine refuse it. Linn. It may be destroyed by cutting off the crown of the root in March. Mr. Pitt. (The under surface of the leaves of this and the following species are frequently infested with the parasitic fungus Lycoperdon epiphyllum, hence designated Ecidium Tussilaginis. E.)

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