Imatges de pàgina
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C. VULGARIS. Stem with many flowers, forming a terminal corymb: rays of the calyx yellow white: (outer ones wing-cleft. E.)

(Fl. Dan. 1174-E. Bot. 1144. E.)—Matth. 669—Clus. ii. 156, 2-Dod. 739. 2-Lob. Obs. 489. 1, and Ic. ii. 20. 2-Ger. Em. 1159. 1-Park. 981 Fuchs. 121-J. B. iii. a. 81. 2-Trag. 859-Dod. 728. 1-Lonic. i. 68. 2Ger. 997. 1-(Pet. 15. 10. E.)

Root long, spindle-shaped, with a few stiff fibres. Stem twelve to fifteen inches high, tumid just above the root, cylindrical, ribbed, purple, slightly downy, dividing above like an umbel. Leaves numerous, clothing the whole stem and decreasing in size upwards, the lower sessile, the upper embracing the stem, deeply toothed, the teeth armed with numerous yellow thorns; those at the base of each branch larger than the upper stem-leaves; those of the branches smaller than the stem-leaves, the uppermost join and form the lower ones of the calyx. Calyx scales pur plish, edged and terminated with branching yellow thorns; the innermost strap-shaped, pointed at the end, dry, fringed with long hairs towards the base, straw-coloured within; without, reddish brown towards the base, but straw-coloured at the point. Blossom segments spear-shaped, purple, straw-coloured below. Seed woolly; down sessile, rays nine to twelve, generally eleven, either single, or with two or three clefts, fringed with long hairs. Receptacle, the chaff longer than the florets. Woodw. (Blossom, tube white, border in the outer florets purple, in the inner whitish; sometimes entirely white. Mr. O. Roberts. E.)

COMMON CARLINE THISTLE. (Welsh: Ellast cyffredin. E.) Dry_meadows and pastures. B. June.

BI'DENS. (Recept. chaffy: Down rough with reversed prickles: Calyx tiled: scales channelled. E.)

B. CER'NUA. Leaves spear-shaped, embracing the stem: flowers drooping, on bent fruit-stalks: seeds upright, (with about four bristles. E.)

Curt. 192-Fl. Dan. 841-(E. Bot. 1114. E.)-J. B. ii. 1074-Ger. 574Pet. 20. 6-Lob. Adv. 227, and Ic. i. 529.

They retain this said to be an exCows refuse it.

The flowers of this species expand in dry, and close in moist weather. property for a long time, and therefore are employed as hygrometers. It is cellent remedy in hysterical cases. Amæn. Acad. III. p. 64. Goats eat it. Linn. Its presence indicates a very barren soil. (It particularly infests dry, sandy pastures. Hand-weeding when confined to local spots may be serviceable; but when spreading generally, no time should be lost in using the plough, harrow, and horse-hoe, and a judicious course of cleansing crops before returning the land to permanent pasture. Holdich. The divergent tuft with which the seeds are crowned, and by which they are wafted through the air, for

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"The kind impartial care

Of nature, naught disdains;

From field to field the feather'd seed she wings ;"

did not escape the notice of Ossian, who, like other genuine poets, was an accurate ob server of the most trivial phenomena, and who fancifully describes "the zephyrs sporting on the plain, pursuing the thistle's beard." The whole plant, after having perfected its seeds, turns white and shrivels, in which state it often remains through the winter or even second year, as Linnæus observes, a mournful spectacle! E.).

† (From bis, double, and dens, a tooth; alluding to the awns of the seeds. E.)

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Leaves with opposite distant serratures. Flower-leaves very entire. Seeds with four awns, two of which are larger. Woodw. Stem a little hairy, (two feet high, branched. E.) Calyx segments egg-spear-shaped, with black lines. Blossom and summits yellow. Anthers brown. Germen pyramidal, quadrangular.

NUTANT DOUBLE-TOOTH or BUR-MARIGOLD. (Welsh: Graban ogwydd.
E.) Wet ditches, marshy places.
A. Aug.-(Sept. E.)
Var. 2. Flowers with radiated florets in the circumference: (and thus dis-
tinguished from Coreopsis. E.)

Fl. Dan. 841-Barr. 1209—H. Ox. vi. 5. 22. Frequently on the same plant with var. 1. Woodw., as in the lower part of fig. Fl. Dan.

Coreopsis Bidens. Linn. In England, and very frequent in Ireland. R. Syn. 187. n. 2. About Tarporley and other places in Cheshire. Hudson. Norfolk, but not common. At Ditchingham. Mr. Woodward. (Road side between Llanyngenel and Rhyddpont, Anglesey. Rev. Hugh Davies. E.)

Var. 3. Dwarf.

Fl. Dan. 312, (the left hand fig. and dissected floret.)-Ray 7. 2. Seems to differ in no other respect than in its dwarfish size and wanting the serratures on the leaves, which probably would appear if the plant acquired a more expanded growth in a moister atmosphere. Var. 2 merely exhibits an unusual degree of luxuriance.

B. minima. Linn. In the fish pond on the moor near Somerset Bridge, Surry. Dill. in R. Syn. In a splashy rivulet at the bottom of Tittensor Common, Staffordshire; and also near Birmingham. Stokes.

B. TRIPARTITA. (Leaves tripartite: seeds upright, with two or three bristles: calyx leafy at the base: bracteas unequal. E.)

Curt. 237-Blackw. 519—(E. Bot. 1113. E.)—Pet. 20. 7—Dod. 595. 1— Ger. Em. 711. 1-Park. 595. 7—H. Ox. vi. 5. 20.

Leaves, segments deeply serrated, the middle one much the largest. Calyx, scales oval, fringed with hairs, the inner smooth, with yellow membranous edges. Woodw. Flowers terminal, yellow, (nearly upright, uniform, tubular, smaller than those of the other species. Stem upright, two or three feet high, branched, expanding, leafy, bluntly four-sided, furrowed, smooth. Leaves opposite, smooth, sometimes with five segments. E.)

TRIFID DOUBLE-TOOTH. WATER HEMP. (BUR MARYGOLD. Welsh: Graban cir-rhan. E.) Marshy and watery places. A. Aug.-(Sept. E.)* Var. 2. Dwarf.

Fl. Dan. 312, (the right hand figure.) Only a starved plant, but its upright flower, and the incipient divisions on the leaves, sufficiently shew to which species it belongs.

(A dye may be prepared from this plant, with alum, to stain cloths yellow. Lightfoot states that in chemical qualities it much resembles the celebrated Verbesina acmela, and therefore infers the probability of its proving serviceable in calculous complaints. E.)

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EUPATOʻRIUM.* Recept. naked: Down feathery: Calyx oblong, tiled: Style prominent, cloven half-way down. E. CANNAB'INUM. Calyx five-flowered: leaves with finger-like divi

sions.

(E. Bot. 428. E.)-Fl. Dan. 745-Blackw. 110-Fuchs. 265-J. B. ii. 1065. 2-Trag. 491-Lonic. i. 241. 2-Matth. 1015-Dod. 28. 2-Lob. Obs. 285. 1, and Ic. i. 528. 2—Ger. Em. 453. 2—H. Ox. vii, 13. 1—Park, 595.

Stem three or four feet high, branched. Leafits mostly three, sometimes five, spear-shaped sharply serrated at the base, towards the point very entire. Calyx scales few, strap-shaped. Seeds black, scored, smooth, little more than a line long. Down sessile, hair-like, when viewed with a glass finely toothed, not three lines long. Woodw. Stem reddish, rather cylindrical, slightly woolly. Leaves serrated, slightly woolly. Calyx membranous, coloured, a little hairy. Florets five and six. Blossom purplish red, sometimes white; clefts shallow. Styles and summits with a tinge of red. Germen covered with minute shining globules. HEMP AGRIMONY. WATER AGRIMONY. (Welsh: Byddon chwerw. E.) Banks of rivers and brooks. P. July-Aug.t

Var. 2. Leaves simple, egg-spear-shaped.

This is the seedling plant of early flowers the first year; the second year, as I have frequently observed, it has digitate leaves. Woodw.

Near Lee, in the road to Eltham. Dillenius. Near Bungay. Mr. Woodward.

(CHRYSO'COMA.

Flowers discoid: Recept. naked: Down simple: Calyx hemispherical, imbricated: Style scarcely longer than the florets. E.)

(C. LINO'SYRIS. Herbaceous: leaves linear, smooth: scales of the calyx loosely spreading.

PLATE XXXV.-E. Bot. 2505.

Root creeping, with long, stout fibres. Stem erect, round, rigid, simple, smooth, leafy, a foot high, or not so much. Leaves numerous, scattered, linear, acute at each end, entire, rather fleshy, rough with minute white points. Flowers few, terminal, corymbose, of an uniform yellow; their stalks hardly scaly in our specimens. Florets about thirty, uniform, acute. Seeds hairy. Down minutely rough. Cells of the receptacle with a slight jagged border, not amounting to scaliness. E. Bot. FLAX-LEAVED GOLDY LOCKS. Linarea aurea Traji. Ger. Em. This rare plant, new to the British Flora, was discovered in the autumn of 1812,

• (Euralwpiov, of Dioscorides, a surname of Mithridates, king of Pontus, by whom the plant was introduced as an alexipharmic. E.)

† An infusion of a handful of it vomits, and also proves a strong cathartic. An ounce of the root in decoction is a full dose. In smaller doses the Dutch peasants take it as an alterative, and antiscorbutic (the turf-diggers especially, being peculiarly subject to swellings and ulceration of the legs. E.) Goats eat it. Cows, horses, sheep and swine refuse it. (Dr. Swediaur recommends the root as a diuretic serviceable in dropsy. E.)

(From apucos, gold; and xou, hair; not inapplicable to the general colour of the flower; but probably applied by Dioscorides to plants of which that circumstance was more obviously characteristic. E.)

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