CARDAM'INE AMA'RA. (C. amara.) Leaves winged: radical leaflets roundish those of the stem tooth-angular: style oblique: summit tapering to a point: stem radicating at the base.

PRATEN'SIS. (C. pratensis.) Leaves winged: radical leaflets roundish; those of the stem spear-shaped: style straight: summit capitate.

IMPATIENS. (C. impatiens.) Leaves winged: leaflets spear-shaped, somewhat snipt: stipulæ fringed: petals strapshaped, or none.

HIRSUTA. (C. hirsuta.) All the leaves winged, without stipulæ leaflets having leaf-stalks: the radical ones roundish : stamens four to six, as long as the petals: summit nearly sessile. A'RABIS STRICTA. (A. stricta.) Leaves toothed, blunt, rough with bristly hairs; those of the root approaching to lyre-shaped : stems hirsute: petals erect.

HIS'PIDA. (A. hispida.) Root-leaves indented, lyre-shaped, lengthened into foot-stalks; those of the stem mostly undivided, smooth fruit-bearing peduncles spreading half the length of the pods.

THALIA'NA. (A. thaliana.) Leaves toothed, hairy; those of the root oblong: stamens nearly as long as the petals: pods ascending.

CILIA'TA. (Turritis alpina.) Leaves slightly toothed, oval, smooth, fringed: those of the root nearly sessile, blunt: stemleaves half embracing the stem, which is undivided.

HIRSUTA. (T. hirsuta.) All the leaves rough with bristly hairs, toothed: stem-leaves half embracing the stem: pods straight. TURRI'TA. (A. lurrita.) Leaves embracing the stem, acuminate: pods pendant, two-edged: bractea leafy.

TURRI'TIS GLABRA. (T. glabra.) Root-leaves toothed, hairy: stemleaves embracing the stem, entire, smooth.

BARBA'REA VULGARIS. (Erysimum barbarea.)

Lower-leaves lyre

shaped, red; the terminating lobe rounded: upper-leaves inverselyegg-shaped, toothed.

PRE COX. (E. præcox.) Lower-leaves lyre-shaped: upperleaves wing-cleft: segments strap-oblong, entire.

NASTUR TIUM OFFICINALE. (Sisymbrium Nasturtium.) Leaves winged: leaflets egg-shaped, somewhat heart-shaped, waved.

SYLVESTRE. (S. sylvestre.) Leaves winged: leaflets spear-shaped, serrated or snipt.

TERRESTRE. (S. palustre, v. terrestre.) Leaves wingcleft, toothed, smooth: root spindle-shaped: petals not exceeding the calyx.

AMPHIB'IUM. (S. amphibium.) Leaves oblong-spearshaped, wing-cleft or serrated: petals longer than the calyx: root fibrous.

SISYM'BRIUM OFFICINALE. (Erysimum officinale.) Pods awl-shaped, pubescent, pressed to the stalk: leaves notched, hairy: stem hispid.

I'RIO. (S. Irio.) Leaves notched, toothed, and, as is the stem, smooth: pod expanding upwards.

SOPHIA. (S. Sophia.) Leaves doubly winged: leaflets strap-shaped, the terminal one longest: petals shorter than the calyx.

ERYS'IMUM CHEIRANTHOI'DES. (E. cheiranthoides.) Leaves spearshaped, entire, or slightly toothed: hairs triply stellate: pods nearly upright: fruit-stalks expanding: summit undivided, nearly sessile.

ALLIA'RIA. (E. alliaria.) Leaves heart-shaped, on leafstalks, sharply toothed.

ORIENTALE. (Brassica orientalis.) Leaves heart-shaped, embracing the stem, smooth: root-leaves scabrous, entire.

CHEIRAN'THUS CHEIRI. (C. cheiri.) Leaves spear-shaped, ́entire: pubescence adpressed: pod strap-shaped: lobes of the summit recurved.

MATHI'OLA INCA'NA. (Cheiranthus incanus.) Leaves spear-shaped, entire; pods cylindrical, without glands.

SINUATA. (C. sinuatus.) Leaves cottony; the lower ones indented: pods compressed, prickly.

HES PERIS MATRONA'LIS. (H. matronalis.)

Borders of the petals

inversely egg-shaped: pods upright, protuberating, with a simple margin.

BRASSICA NA PUS. (B. napus.) Root caulescent, spindle-shaped: leaves smooth; the upper ones heart-spear-shaped, embracing the stem; lower ones lyre-shaped, toothed.

RAPA. (B. rapa.) Root caulescent, orbicular, flatted, fleshy: root-leaves lyre-shaped, scabrous: those of the stem entire, smooth.

OLERACEA. (B. oleracea.) Root caulescent, cylindrical, fleshy: all the leaves smooth, glaucous, waved, and lobed.

MONEN'SIS. (Sisymbrium monense.) Leaves wing-cleft: stem nearly leafless, glabrous: pods smooth: beak one-seeded.

CAMPESTRIS. (B. campestris.) Root and stem slender: leaves heart-shaped, embracing the stem; lower ones lyre-shaped, toothed, rather hispid.

SINA'PIS ARVENSIS. (S. arvensis.) Pods with many angles, turgid, and protuberating, longer than the two-edged beak.

ALBA. (S. alba.) Pods hispid: beak slanting, very long, sword-shaped.

SINA'PIS NIGRA. (S. nigra.) Pods pressed to, smooth, quadrangular: style oval-shaped.

TENUIFO'LIA. (Sisymbrium tenuifolium.) Pods strap-shaped, smooth, upright: beak very short: fruit-stalks expanding: leaves spear-shaped, acuminate, pointed, winged or doubly winged: stem smooth.

MURALIS. (S. murale.) Pods strap-shaped, smooth, nearly upright beak very short: fruit-stalks expanding: leaves indented, smooth: stem expanding, hairy.

RAPHANUS RAPHANIS TRUM. (R. raphanistrum.) Leaves simply lyreshaped: pods of one cell, jointed, scored.

(R. maritimus. E. Bot.) Leaves interruptedly lyre-shaped: pods of one cell, jointed, scored. E.)

)

CLASS XVI.

MONADELPHIA.

TRIANDRIA.

JUNIP'ERUS. B. and F. flowers on different plants.
B. Cal. a catkin: Bloss. none.

F. Cal. with three divisions: Bloss. three petals :
Styles three: Berry beneath, three-seeded, the calyx
remaining at the base.

PENTANDRIA.

(ERO'DIUM. Style one: Fruit beaked, of five aggregate capsules, each terminated by a spiral awn, bearded on the inside. E.)

DECANDRIA.

GERA'NIUM. (Style one: Fruit beaked, of five aggregate capsules, each terminated by a recurved, naked awn. E.) [Spartium. Genista. Anthyllis. Ulex. Ononis. Oxalis.]

POLYANDRIA.

(1) Pistil one.

TAX'US. B. and F. flowers on different plants: Cal. fourleaved: Bloss. none.

B. Anthers eight-cleft.

F. Summit one: Berry one-seeded: Seed, upper half naked.

(2) Pistils two.

PI'NUS. B. and F. flowers on the same plant: Bloss. none. B. Cal. four-leaved.

F. A cone-like Catkin: Nuts two, with a membranous wing.

(3) Pistils many.

LAVATERA. Outer Calyx three-cleft: Seed-coats in whorls: one seed in each.

MALVA. Outer Calyx three-leaved: Seed-coats several, whorled, one seed in each.

ALTHE'A. Outer Calyx nine-cleft: Seed-coats several whorled, one seed in each.

JUNIPERUS.

TRIANDRIA.

B. and F. flowers distinct.

B. Cal. scales of the catkin: Bloss. none.

F. (Cal. scales of the catkin, fewer, becoming fleshy, united into a berry with three seeds: E.) Petals three: Pistils three.

J. COMMUNIS. Leaves ternate, expanding, mucronate: longer than the berry.

Fl. Ross. i. 54-Fl. Dan. 1119-(E. Bot. 1100. E.)-Ludw. 189-Mill. Ill. -Blackw. 187—Sheldr. 70—Woodv. 95-Kniph. 1—Gars. 88—Tourn. 361. 2-Matth. 121-Ger. 1189. 1-Fuchs. 88—J. B. i. b. 293-Trag. 1074—Lonic. i. 24—Cam. Epit. 53—Dod. 852—Lob. Obs. 628. 2, and Ic. ii. 222. 2-Ger. Em. 1372. 1-Park. 1029. 1.

(Usually a low shrub, much branched, rigid, smooth, evergreen: in favourable situations attaining a height of fifteen feet or more.

Juice

of the whole plant resinous. Leaves sessile, channelled, very entire, sharp-pointed and prickly, glaucous on the upper surface. Seeds three, angular. Fl. Brit. E.) Anthers under the lateral scales often five. Leers. Berry continuing two years; green, at length blackish purple. Relh. Bark reddish. Flowers small, in axillary catkins.

COMMON JUNIPER. (Irish: Beeora Leacra; Whar Greige. Welsh: Merywen gyffredin. Gaelic: An-t'aiteal. Erse: (in Arran) Becora Leacra. E.) (Sandy heaths, and open hilly spots on calcareous soil. E.) Near Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, and abundantly on a common between Blenheim and Ditchley, Oxfordshire. Mr. Woodward. On heaths, west of Bishop's Aukland. Mr. Robson. (Juniper Hill between Middletonstoney and Oxford. Rev. Dr. Abbot in E. Bot. On Lanchester Moor, &c. and near Castle Eden, Durham. Winch Guide. Cleve Hill; and Cra