Grev. Erysimum officinale. Linn. Lightf. With. Curt. Fl. Brit. Willd. Oed. E.) Under walls and hedges, road sides and among rubbish. A. May-June.* S. SOPHIA. Petals smaller than the calyx: leaves doubly pinnatifid, (rather hairy. E.) (E. Bot. 963. E.)-Ludw. 73-Fl. Dan. 528-Sheldr.-Kniph. 6-—Dod. 133 2-Lob. Obs. 426. 1, and Ic. i. 738. 2-Ger. Em. 1068-Park. 830. 3— Pet. 46. 12-Fuchs. 2—J. B. ii. 886. 2-Trag. 338-Ger. 910. 1 and 2— Lonic. (Root spindle-shaped, small. Stem two feet high, upright, branched, leafy. Leaves alternate. Fl. Brit. E.) Pods an inch long, stiff, crooked, upright. Seeds yellow. Blossoms yellow, small. (Calyx nearly as much coloured. E.) FLIX-WEED. (Irish: Finel Muire. Welsh: Piblys. E.) amongst rubbish. Walls and A. July.† S. I'RIO. Leaves notched, toothed, without hairiness; as is the stem: pods upright. Jacq. Austr. 322—Curt. 311-(E. Bot. 1631. E.)-Park. 834. 4-H. Ox. iii. 3, row 3. 3-Pet. 46. 4-Col. Ecphr. 265. Stem nearly smooth, two feet high. Leaves variously toothed and cut, sometimes with winged clefts at the base, generally terminated by a long spear-shaped lobe; the upper usually simple, spear-shaped, with one or two teeth towards the base. Pods about two inches long, strap-shaped, upright, but not pressed to the stem. Fruit-stalks short. Woodw. Blossoms small, yellow. (Root spindle-shaped: herb pungent to the taste. E.) (LONDON ROCKET. E.) BROAD-LEAVED WATER CRESS. Old walls and amongst rubbish. (On London Bridge and the walls near it. Mr. Woodward. On the walls of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Ray. Under Merton Wall; Rose Lane, Oxford. Sibthorp. On walls at Wisbeach, Mr. Skrimshire. Road sides near Eton, Bucks. Mr. Gotobed, in Bot. Guide. E. A. May-Aug. It is warm and acrid to the taste; and when cultivated, is used as a spring pot-herb. Birds are fond of the seeds. Sheep and goats eat the plant. Cows, borses, and swine refuse it. By means of this herb Rondeletius cured a hoarseness, occasioned by loud speaking, in three days. Linn." Juice of Hedge Mustard is beyond any thing in ulcers of the throat. This was found by experience by the Hon. Harry Gray, when all advice of doctors and surgeons availed nothing. This from his own mouth."-M. S. note in a copy of Parkinson which formerly belonged to Mr. Saunders, surgeon at Stourbridge. (Dr. Cullen attests the like good effect, and advises the juice to be mixed with honey and sugar in equal quantities. E.) + The pods retain the seeds all winter, and small birds feed upon them. The plant has been prescribed in hysteric and dysenteric cases; (whence the old English name; E.) and the seeds are given to destroy worms; (but it has long lost the high reputation which once obtained for it the designation of "Sophia Chirurgorum," and affords a striking instance, among many others, of plants, whose extravagant commendations by ancient writers, both domestic and foreign, in these more enlightened times "Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop, As much for mock as mark." E.) Sheep and cows eat it. Horses and goats are not fond of it. Swine refuse it. (BARBA'REA. Pod quadrangular, two-edged: Seeds in one row: Cal. erect: Glands within the shorter filaments. E.) B. VULGARIS. (Lower-leaves lyre-shaped, terminal segment nearly circular: upper leaves inversely egg-shaped, toothed, E.) (E. Bot. 443. E.)-Fl. Dan. 985-Walc.-Ger. 188-Fuchs. 746-J. B. ii. 869-Trag. 101. 2-Lonic. i. 165. 2-Dod. 712. 1-Lob. Obs. 104. 2, and Ic. i. 207. 2-Ger. Em. 243-Park. 820-H. Ox. iii. 5. 11 and 12-Pet. 46. 1-Matth. 572. Stems two feet high, strong, with about eight deep furrows, and as many BITTER WINTER-CRESS. YELLOW ROCKET. (Welsh: Berwr y gauaf. . (B. PRÆ'COX. with linear-oblong, entire segments. E. Bot. 1129-Pet. 46. 2. Stem about eighteen inches high, in moist situations two feet. Radicalleaves very numerous, exactly like those of Nasturtium officinale. Flowers smaller and paler yellow than those of B. vulgaris. Pods nearly twice as long as in that species, exactly square, smooth, crowned with a very short permanent style. Calyx-leaves cohering, much broader than those of B. vulgaris. Sm. Slenderer than the preceding in every part. Hook. E.) EARLY WINTER CRESS. B. præcox. Br. De Cand. Hook. Sm. Grev. * In Sweden the leaves are used in salads, early in spring, and late in autumn; also boiled as cale. It is sown in gardens as an early spring salad. Linn. and also in England, where it is called French Cress. St. Cows eat it. Horses and swine refuse it. Goats and sheep are not fond of it. (Smith considers the above notices as rather belonging to the following species.-With double blossoms, it frequently ornaments our gardens. A minute species of Tipula, or Gall-gnat, sometimes renders the flowers like a Hop-blossom; but this metamorphosis does not strictly partake of the nature of galls, as it originates not from the egg, but from the larva, which, in the operation of extracting the seed in some way imparts a morbid action to the juices, causing the flower to expand unnaturally. E.) This herb is grateful in salads, tasting exactly like Nasturtium officina'e, whereas B. vulgaris is mucilaginous, and of a nauseous bitter. ERYS'IMUM.* (Pod four-sided: Cal. closed: Summit a knob, often two-lobed: Seeds not bordered. E.) E. ALLIA'RIA. Leaves heart-shaped. (E. Bot. 796. E.)-Ludw. 77-Fl. Dan. 935-Curt. 144—Kniph. 3— Woodv. 245-Walc.-Fuchs. 104-J. B. ii. 883-Lonic. i. 160. 2-Trag. 86-Matth. 843-Dod. 686-Lob. Obs. 285. 3, and Ic. i. 530. 1-Ger. Em. 794-Park. 112. 5-H. Ox. iii. 10. 6-Ger. 650-Pet. 45. 1Blackw. 372. (Whole plant smooth, shining, having a strong smell of garlick. Pods very long, awl-shaped. Fl. Brit. Stem about a foot high, cylindrical, upright, scored, leafy. E.) Leaves bluntly and irregularly serrated, veined, alternate, on leaf-stalks. Flowers in a corymbus, (white. Cal. whitish. E.) Nectary glands four, one on the outside of each pair of longer stamens, and one supporting each of the short stamens. JACK-BY-THE-HEDGE. SAUCE-ALONE. GARLICK HEDGE-MUSTARD. (Irish: Bo Cicineall; Gairleog Coilleagh. Welsh: Arfog arllegog; Troed yr asen. E.) Hedges, ditch banks, and shady places. B. May.t E. CHEIRANTHOIDES. Stem much branched: leaves spear-shaped, oblique, waved and obscurely toothed: (pods erect, on spreading stalks. E.) Jacq. Austr. 23-(E. Bot. 942. E.)—Kniph. 11-Fl. Dan. 923-Lob. Obs. 112. 1, and Ic. i. 225. 1-Ger. Em. 273. 4-Park. $68. 3—H. Ox. iii. 5. 7 Pet. 45. 2-J. B. ii. 894. 1. Seeds oblong, yellowish brown, intensely bitter. Ray. Stem one to two feet high, or more, rough, stiff, quite straight, scored. Leaves narrow, roughish, the mid-rib running down the stem, the uppermost sometimes a little toothed. Blossom small, yellow. (Cal. whitish. The partial flower-stalks become horizontal as the fruit increases, but the pods themselves, an inch long, with valves internally downy, stand erect, and are square, tipped with a minute sessile stigma. Sm. E) (M. Courtois reports that a proliferous variety of this plant has been perpetuated for several years in the Botanic Garden of Liege. E.) TREACLE WORM-SEED OF HEDGE-MUSTARD. Osier-holts, and banks of the river near Ely; Ashbourn, Derbyshire; and corn-fields about Elden, Suffolk. Very common amongst turnips near Bungay. Mr. Woodward. Ballast Hills, Sunderland. Mr. Weighell. (Near the parsonage at Slinfold, Sussex. Mr. Borrer, in Bot. Guide. Not rare in Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. By the road near Ipswich leading towards Norwich. Sir J. E. Smith. By the Mole at Brockham, Surry. Mr. Winch. At the head of Loch na Gaul, in Mull. Dr. Walker. Hook. Scot. E.) A. July.‡ (From ipów, to draw; because of the astringent virtues of these herbs. E.) The Prussians eat the leaves with salted meats in spring. They are useful with lettuce and the colder salads. The seeds excite sneezing. Cows and goats eat it Horses sheep, and swine refuse it. Curculio Alliuria feeds upon it. Linn.-When growing in poultry yards fowls eat it, and it communicates an intolerably rank taste to their flesh. In England, it is sometimes eaten with bread and butter, and in Wales much used as a frying herb. (It is considered a powerful diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscorbutic. E.) Country people give the seeds to destroy worms, and with good effect.-Horses, cows, goats, sheep, and swine eat it. (E. ORIENTALE. Leaves elliptic-heart-shaped, blunt, embracing the stem, smooth root-leaves inversely-egg-shaped, entire: pods quadrangular. E.) Jacq. Austr. 282-Kniph. Brassica campestris―(E. Bot. 1804. E.)-J. B. ii. 835. 4-Clus. ii. 127. 1-Dod. 626. 2-Lob. Obs. 215. 3, and Íc. i. 396. 2-Ger. Em. 536. 2-Park. 580. 9—H. Ox. iii. 2. 19 and 20-Pet. 45. 5 -Ger. 430. 2-J. B. ii. 835. 3. (Whole herb smooth and glaucous, one to two feet high; leaves rather thick, not strictly perfoliate. E.) Stem-leaves egg-shaped, blunt at the end, heart-shaped at the base, very entire. Petals white, with a tinge of straw-colour. Fruit-stalks expanding. Pods three or four inches long, the lower standing wide. Woodw. (HARE'S-EAR HEDGE-MUSTARD. E. orientale. Br. in Ait. Sm. E. perfoliatum. De Cand. Brassica orientalis. Linn. Jacq. With. Willd. Fl. Brit. E.) B. campestris perfoliata, flore albo. R. Syn. 293. Huds. Ed. i. B. Turrita. Wigg. Corn-fields and cliffs on the sea-coast, near Harwich, and Bardsey, near Orford, Suffolk. Ray. Corn-fields near Godstone, and Marshfield, Sussex. Hudson. (On the Ballast Hills of the Tyne and Wear. Mr. Winch. E.) A. June. CHEIRAN'THUS.* Germen with a glandular tooth on each side: Calyx closed, two of its leafits tumid at the base: Seeds flat. (C. FRUTICULO'Sus. Leaves spear-shaped, acute, (with a dense hoariness underneath: E.) branches angular: stem shrubby. (Hook. Fl. Lond. 147—E. Bot. 1934. E.)—Barr. Ic. t. 1228. (Plant one foot high. Leaves stalked, crowded, mostly very entire; the lowermost with slight serratures. Petals notched. Calyx sometimes tinged with purple. Style short. Stigma notched at the end. Seeds not winged. It differs from C. Cheiri of the gardens in having leaves more acute, and white underneath; smaller flowers of a pure yellow colour, never exhibiting rust-coloured or blood-coloured blotches. Fl. Brit. May be distinguished also, as Mr. Crowe has remarked, by the petals being recurved, and rather stiff; not flaccid and loosely hanging down, as do those of C. Cheiri, (the Blood Wall-flower.) But Prof. Hooker doubts the constancy of these characteristics. E.) Flowers in terminal bunches, yellow, (very fragrant. E.) WILD WALL-FLOWER. WALL GILLIFLOWER. (Welsh: Melyn y gauaf; *(From xg, the hand; and avos, a flower; supposed to allude to its agreeable 'scent, always acceptable in hand: or more probably from the pods of some species expanding like fingers. E.) (Sometimes corrupted to July-flower; by the old authors Gillo-flower, and we conceive originally derived from the Italian Gialla, q. d. Yellow-flower. E.) (This well-known and acceptable flower has produced a considerable number of varieties in the garden, as the double, easily propagated by slips; and according to Thomson, "The yellow Wall-flower, stained with iron-brown, And lavish stock, that scents the garden round: " C. SINUATUS. (Stem herbaceous, spreading: leaves downy, glandular, obtuse, somewhat indented, those of the branches entire: pods rough with prominent glands. E.) (E. Bot. 462. E.)-Lob. Adv. 140, and Ic. i. 330. 2-Ger. Em. 460. 2Ger. 374. 2-J. B. ii. 876. 1. Whole plant cottony, hoary. Stem upright, (two feet high, branched, spreading, leafy. E.) Root-leaves broad, spear-shaped, alternately toothed, blunt; stem-leaves spear-shaped, blunt, channelled, with two pair of blunt teeth about the middle; branch-leaves entire, not toothed. Petals flesh-coloured, blunt, whitish at the base. Pods several inches long, glandular. Flowers large, fragrant only in the evening. But none which impart a more delightful fragrance than the wild one: to which a highly gifted northern bard beautifully alludes in describing the early days of the "grandame's child: " "And well the lonely infant knew I deem'd such nooks the sweetest shade The sun in all his round survey'd." Marmion Introd. Canto iii. And again with the same fond, yet judicious partiality, "The rude stone fence with fragrant Wall-flowers gay, To me more pleasure yield Than all the pomp imperial domes display." The Wall-flower has been considered the emblem of fidelity in misfortune, because it attaches itself to the desolate, and enlivens the ruins which time and neglect would otherwise render repulsive. It conceals the savage records of feudal times by decorating the castle walls; occupies the painful void of the mouldering abbey; and weaves a garland on the dilapidated monument, deserted even by grateful memory. "For this obedient zephyrs bear Her light seeds round yon turret's mould; They rise in vegetable gold." Langhorne. Or, as elegantly expressed by another poet of nature, "But thou, neglected Wall-flower, to my breast Proudly to root thyself above the rest, Lend fragrance to the purest breath of heaven." Herrick, who (more antiquorum) would attribute every thing agreeable to the passion of love; with an ingenuity and pathos scarcely inferior to those of his classical prototypes, ascribes the origin and very name of this favourite flower, to the adventurous spirit of a fair damsel, (long detained in durance vile), who, braving all perils to steal an interview with her "sprightly springal," "Up she got upon a wall, Tempting down to slide withal: |