Leicester's woods at Denham near Barrow, Suffolk. Sir T. G. Cullum. Bot. Guide. White Wood near Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Relhan. By the river on the side of Garregwen rocks, near Garn, Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. E.)

Var. 3. Fruct. hexang. Fruit six-cornered.

Whitstable, Surry, and near Darking. Merret.

Var. 4. Fruct. qadrang. Fruit four-cornered: small branches red: leaves with a soft woolliness. Ray.

Red Lime Tree. T. corallina. Sm. T. grandifolia. Ehrh. Stoken Church Wood. Ray.

(It has been attempted to designate several species of British Tilia, as T. Europea, grandifolia, and parvifolia, but the characteristics are supposed to vary into each other. In the second above named, Schkuhr represents the stamina as polyadelphous, and the lobes of the stigma converging: in the third species the stamens as unconnected, and the lobes of the stigma diverging. In both, the number of cells of the capsule is inconstant, according to Persoon. E.)

CISTUS.* Bloss. five petals: Cal. five leaves, two of them smaller Caps. from one to ten-celled: from three to ten-valved, opening at the apex. E.)

(1) Shrub-like; without stipula.

C. (MARIFO'LIUS. E.) Stems decumbent at the base: leaves hairy, opposite, oblong, flat, hoary beneath, flowers in bunches.

Hook. Fl. Lond. 171-E. Bot. 396. E.)-Dill. Elth. 145. 173—J. B. ii. 18. Stems numerous, (three to six inches high. E.) Flowering branches ascending, hairy. Leaves egg-shaped, blunt, sessile, green on both sides but covered with white hairs. Bunches terminal, of three or four flowers, with small spear-shaped floral leaves. Woodw. Petals four or five, inversely egg-shaped, very entire. Flowers yellow, small. Calyx hairy. Style knee-jointed. This plant is liable to vary in hairiness according to situation. Hook. E.)

HOARY DWARF CISTUS. C. marifolius. Linn. C. hirsutus. Huds. C. anglicus. Linn. Mant. With. Ed. 3. E.) Mountainous pastures and rocks. On the west side of Bentham Bank, one mile from Kendal ;

resembling the juice of liquorice. Pliny informs us that chaplets worn at the Roman feasts were interwoven with the flexible twigs of the Tilia, and Bellonius states that the Grecians employed the wood for making bottles, which were usually lined with rosin. It was one of the papyraceous trees of the ancients, the Philira; and a work of Cicero written on the inner bark is preserved in the library at Vienna. The Lime tree contains a gummy juice, which being repeatedly boiled and clarified, produces a substance like sugar. Missa, the French physician, pounding the fruit of Lime trees obtained a butyraceous substance much resembling chocolate. This experiment was repeated by Margraff with equal success, and probably some of the American species may yield a produce more completely similar. Ventenat. Dr. Swediaur recommends an infusion of water prepared from the fragrant blossoms of the Lime as an antispasmodic. Hoffman reports its success in curing an inveterate epilepsy. E.) Indeed, so numerous are the valuable purposes to which this tree may be applied, that "Tilie ad mille usus petenda" became proverbial even in the days of Pliny. E.)

* (From cista, a cist, or little chest; the seeds being thus enclosed in the capsule. E.)

Buckbarrow bank scar, between Bridgsteer and Consick, and about Cartmel Wells, Lancashire. Ray. Gloddaeth, Carnarvonshire. Pennant. (Near the Black Ark, on Cronkley Fell, in Teesdale, at an elevation of 2,000 feet Mr. Winch. On Arthur's Round Table, in the parish of Llanfihangel Dinsylwi, Anglesey. Welsh Bot. E.) P. May.

(2) Herbaceous; without stipula.

C. GUTTA'TUS. Leaves opposite, spear-shaped, three-ribbed: bunches without floral-leaves.

Dicks. H. S.-Ger. Em. 1281. 19-Park. 661-J. B. ii. a. 14. 1. Whole plant covered with expanding hairs, (dark green, rather fragrant. E.) Stem upright. Leaves sessile, three or four pairs. Bunch slender, terminal. Flowers upright, but when just out of blossom pendent. Fruit upright. Fruit-stalks long, slender. Flowers pale yellow. Petals, with a dark reddish spot at the base, falling off in a few hours; sometimes observed without spots. Stem about a foot high. E.)

SPOTTED-FLOWERED CISTUS. (Welsh: Cor-rosyn rhudd-manog. E.) Sandy pastures on M. Llech ddue, near Holyhead, Anglesey; Mr. Brewer; and not in the Isle of Man. Rev. H. Davies.* E.) A. June.t

(3) Herbaceous; with stipulæ.

C. (LEDIFO'LIUS. Pubescent: leaves spear-shaped: fruit-stalks upright, opposite to the leaves, shorter than the calyx: flowers solitary. (E. Bot. 2414. E.)—Lob. Obs. 552. 1 ; and Ic. ii. 118. 1—Ger. Em. 1280. 17. Petals yellow, smaller than the calyx, very soon shedding, sometimes wanting. Huds. (Stem nearly upright, undivided, sometimes branched at the bottom, cylindrical, hairy, leafy, few-flowered. Leaves opposite, blunt, very entire, narrowed at the base, downy on both sides, one and a half inch long. Stipulæ one-third the length of the leaves, acute. Calyx-leafits tapering to a point, marked with nerves, hairy. Capsule large, triangular, polished, hairy, at the upper part of the angles, singlecelled, the receptacles being not at all prominent so as to form partitions. C. salicifolius, with which this plant has been confounded, differs in being only one half the size; in having a more branched stem, horizontal peduncles, and calyx half as long again. Sm.

(For the correction of this and a few other topographical errors, originating in a like misconception, we are indebted to the late ingenious author of the Welsh Botanology, who, happening to possess a copy of Brewer's Diary, was enabled to ascertain that "Brewer never visited the Isle of Man," and that "the Mona of Dillenius,-of Hudson, with regard to C. guttatus, and wherever he quotes Dillenius and Brewer, is not the Isle of Man, the Mona of Cæsar; but the Mona of Tacitus, and the hallowed scene of Mason's Caractacus." E.)

+ (In the middle of summer, Curtis remarks, when the mornings are long and the solar rays powerful, the petals of this species will frequently fall off before nine o'clock; towards autumn we have known them continue till noon: immediately on their falling, the three larger leaves of the calyx close together over the stamens and pistil, and secure them from any injury they might be liable to sustain from the early loss of their more delicate covering. Another exemplification of the care and skill observable in the economy of nature, which amply recompenses attention even of the humblest productions. E.)

LEDUM-LEAVED CISTUS. C. ledifolius. Linn. C. salicifolius. Huds. With.
Ed. 3 and 4. Sandy meadows and pastures, rare. On Brent Downs,
Somersetshire. Hudson; and recently by other Botanists.
A. June-July. E.)

(4) Somewhat shrub-like; with stipula.

C. HELIANTHEMUM. Trailing: stipule spear-shaped, fringed: leaves oblong, edges revolute, somewhat hairy (above, hoary beneath. E.) Curt.-(E. Bot. 1321. E.)-Kniph. 12-Fl. Dan. 101-Walc. 5-Park. 656. 1-Clus. 1. 73. 1-Lob. Ic. ii. 117. 1-Ger. Em. 1283. 4—J. B. i 15. 2-Lob. Ic. ii. 117. 2-Ger. Em. 1282. 3—J. B. ii. 16. 1—Ger. 1100. 3 and 2-Matth. 744-Trag. 221.

Stems three to six inches long, thread-shaped, a little woolly. Leaves eggspear-shaped, in pairs at each knot of the stem, above green and somewhat hairy, cottony underneath. Leaf-scales four at each knot of the stem. Calyx, the three larger leaves composed of strong green ribs, connected by a semi-transparent dotted membrane; the two outer spearshaped, green, and which are more like floral-leaves. (Flowers in terminal racemes, showy, expanding only in sunshine, and scarcely lasting a day. E.) Petals yellow, a little toothed on the outer part, nearly circular. E.) (The stamens exhibit a curious instance of irritability. When touched with a pin or bristle they retire from the style, and lie down in a spreading form on the petals. This can be seen only in calm warm weather, and when the flowers have not been ruffled by insects. Dr. Hope, in E. Bot. E.)

DWARF CISTUS. LITTLE SUN-FLOWER. (Welsh: Cor-rosyn cyffredin. E.) Mountainous meadows and pastures, especially in calcareous soil. (Leckhampton Hill, near Cheltenham. Rev. S. Dickenson. Box Hill, Surry. Mr. Winch. High bank half a mile from Hatton on the road to Warwick. Perry. Anglesey. Welsh Bot. (On the limestone hills, coast of Durham and Northumberland. E.) On Salisbury Craigs, near Edinburgh. St. Vincent's, and other calcareous rocks near Bristol. On the whole range of high and dry chalky lands with a flinty surface, extending from Salisbury Plain to the north of Gloucestershire.

P. June-Aug. Var. 2. Fl. alb. Blossoms white. Gogmagog Hills. (Wood Ditton, Cambridgeshire. Relhan. E.)

Var. 3. Fl. ros. Blossoms rose-coloured.

(Var. 4. Surreianus: "petalis florum perangustis." R. Syn. 341. Petals lanceolate.

Dill. Elth. 145. 174-E. Bot. 2207.

Whoever has paid attention to the habit of C. Helianthemum will find it liable to considerable variation, both in the size and shape of its leaves and petals; and as to the leaves "excavato-punctata," Fl. Brit. "dotted beneath," with "little hollows or depressions," Eng. Fl. first noted by Lightfoot in his Herbarium, (not in his publication), which has been recently revived to corroborate a supposititious species; we have reason to believe that this latter distinction so far from being generally apparent, will very rarely be found. Neither is it peculiar to this variety, for Mr. W. Christy, (the re-discoverer of Mr. Edward Du Bois' Croydon plant, recorded in Ray Syn.) by whose kindness we are favoured with specimens now before us, observes, "Nothing of this kind has ever come under my notice, but in the plants I have seen there is no perceptible

difference in the foliage from C. Helianthemum. I once noticed the latter with dotted leaves similar to those ascribed to C. Surreianus, but the plant was evidently diseased." What remains then to constitute C. Surreianus a distinct species?

Mr. Christy further remarks, after attentive cultivation, that the lanceolate petals gradually assume the common appearance of those of C. Helianthemum, becoming also more or less irregularly cleft; and considers the present variety, in its extreme form, as defective in the parts of fructification, the stamens and pistils being in some flowers almost imperceptible, the stamens producing no pollen; the plant being incapable of propagating itself by seed, and consequently very local and rare. It further appears that the flowers which had declined to the common appearance of C. Helianthemum did perfect their seed, so that from some hundreds of flowers about six capsules of ripe seed were obtained. The above opinion is confirmed by the singular fact, (also communicated by Mr. Christy), that among some seedlings of C. Helianthemum, on their flowering, one appeared different to the rest, and exactly C. Surreianus, or with petals even narrower than in the Surry plant.

C. Surreianus. Linn. With. to Ed. 7. Sm. Willd. Galp. C. Helianthemum 8. Huds. Near Croydon, Surry. Du Bois, in R. Syn. Among grasses, &c. on the border of Croomhurst wood. Addington, Surry. W. Christy, Esq. June, 1826. E.)

(A plant more nearly resembling C. Helianthemum than any other species, but larger, with broader leaves," is represented in E. Bot. 2208, and said to be the real C. tomentosus of Scopoli. Smith observes that the leaves, flower-stalks, and calyx are much more hoary and downy than in C. Helianthemum, but that cultivation impairs this; and admits that a decisive specific character is still wanting. This plant was communicated by Mr. G. Don from Scotland, where it was also gathered by Mr. Dickson. E.)

C. POLIFOLIUS. Trailing: leaves oblong-egg-shaped, revolute at the edges, hoary beneath: calyx even: petals serrated.

(E. Bot. 1322. E.)—Dill. Elth. 146. 172-Pluk. 23. 6.

(In size and habit like C. Helianthemum, but essentially distinct, though not known in any other part of the world than the place here specified. Sm. E.) Flowers white. Stems numerous. Flowering branches ascending, cottony, white. Leaves opposite, revolute at the edge, with a prominent mid-rib underneath, cottony, white. Bunches terminal. Fruitstalks short. Leaf-scales spear-shaped. Calyx purplish, slightly hairy ; the two outer leaves spear-shaped, minute. Woodw. (The stellate form of the pubescence is not a peculiar characteristic, as the same prevails occasionally, according to Hooker, in C. Helianthemum. E.) WHITE MOUNTAIN CISTUS. Brent downs, Somersetshire, near the Severn Sea. (Also found by the Rev. Aaron Neck at Babbicombe, Devon. E. Bot. Plentiful on the rocks above Torquay. Rev. Dr. Beeke. Bot. Guide. E.) P. July.

(The British species of Cistus, or, as these plants are sometimes called, Rock-rose, are all of them more or less to be admired for their colour and form; nor are they entirely destitute of that gummy exudation which emits an agreeable balsamic fragrance, and which in botter climates, as Greece and the South of Europe, produces the valuable gum Ladanum, formerly collected from the beards of goats which browsed upon C. Creticus, and even now

(PÆO'NIA.*

DIGYNIA.

Cal. five-leaves: Petals five: Styles none:

Follicles with many seeds. E.)

(P. CORAL/LINA. Leaves twice ternate: leafits egg-shaped, undivided, smooth seed-vessels downy, recurved.

E. Bot. 1513—Mill. Ill. t. 47.

Stems about two feet high, annual, simple, leafy, cylindrical, smooth, more or less red. Leaves smooth; the uppermost often ternate at the extremity only, with a pair of simple leafits below. Leafits sharp-pointed, entire, sometimes veined with red. Flower terminal, solitary. Calyx of five concave irregular leaves. Petals five, crimson, regular, roundish. Stamens red, with yellow anthers. Germens mostly three or four, eggshaped, white, downy, with recurved, crimson stigmas. Seeds black, shining, intermixed with crimson, abortive ones.

ENTIRE-LEAVED or CORAL PEONY. P. corallina. Retz. P. officinalis ẞ. Linn. P. mas. Matth. Less frequent in gardens than P. officinalis or fæmina. This very showy addition to the British Flora was first introduced to the notice of Botanists by Mr. F. Bowcher Wright, in 1803, as growing undoubtedly wild, and in great profusion, in the rocky clefts of the island called Steep Holmes in the broad part of the river Severn. It is conjectured to have grown there for ages. Two fishermen testify having gathered its flowers sixty or seventy years ago. According to Gerard, once found on a rabbit warren near Gravesend, but no traces of it remain. P. May-June. E.)†

by the tedious uncertain process of the ergastiri. The foreign kinds are, it must be admitted, more showy than our own, but some of the latter are worthy of garden culture, and thrive in a dry soil. Though the flowers are extremely fugacious, by intermixing the several species, a succession may be obtained for two or three months. E.)

* (After the physician PAON, immortalized for having cured the wounds received by the gods during the Trojan war, as some ingeniously infer, with the aid of this plant. E.)

+(Pæonies, double or single, white or crimson, are splendid acquisitions to the garden and shrubbery. Few aquatic excursions of a day can prove more interesting to the naturalist, especially the geologist, ornithologist, and botanist, than a sail from Bristol, through the romantic pass of St. Vincent's rocks, to the Holmes Islands. The Steep Holmes represents the rugged truncated apex of a submarine mountain, whose abruptly precipitous sides are only accessible at one proper landing-place. Amidst the shelving rocks and loose shingly stones, a few hundred yards from, and at an elevation of nearly one hundred feet above, this spot, at the eastern end of the island,

"There may ye see the Peony spread wide,”—

together with the scarcely less rare Allium ampelopràsum, as the Editor had the gratification to behold in June, 1826. The latter plant has effected a lodgment below the light house on the Flat Holmes, but the Peony is altogether peculiar to the sister island, and how far it may be deemed an aboriginal, strictly indigenous, or derived fortuitously from some wrecked Levanter, or possibly, though not probably, escaped from the little enclosure, whose ruinous walls and few remaining vestiges seem

"To mark where a garden had been,"

must remain problematical, so far as our investigations are concerned; no vessel having been stranded within the memory of man, nor any inhabitant dwelt thereon, save the solitary fisherman who makes the crazy hut his cheerless abode, and that only through the dreary season of winter. The Peony also extends over the crests of the northern preci