(E. Bot. 918. E.)-Blackw. 565-—Fl. Dan. 498—Clus. ii. 86. 2—Dod. 402. 1-Lob. Obs. 389. 1, and Ic. i. 682. 1-Ger. Em. 979-Park. 379. 1Ger. 829-H. Ox. i. 2. 8—J. B. iii. 660. 1.

(The four concave leaves of the calyx fall off very soon after they expand. E. Bot. Plant a foot and a half high, smooth; stem triangular; leaves growing triply ternate, sharp-pointed, deeply serrated. Leafits one to two inches long. Stamens thread-shaped, as long as the petals. Summit a knob, sessile. Blossoms several, whitish, forming a spike-like cluster. Berries black, juicy. E.)

HERB CHRISTOPHER. BANE-BERRY. Woods and shady places. Near Malham Cove, and in a wood near Clapham, Yorkshire. Curtis. (Mountainous pastures above Troutbeck, near Ambleside; and on Ingleborough. Mr. Woodward. And in the fissures of the curious natural pavement of limestone at the foot of it. Dr. Stokes. About Thorp Arch, and in Wensley Dale, near Askrig, Yorkshire. Mr. Wood. In a thick wood two miles from Thorndon, Essex. Blackstone. Sandwicke, Ullswater. Hutchinson. Cliesh Woods. Mr. Arnott. Hook. Scot. E.) P. May-June.* CHELIDO'NIUM.+ Bloss. four petals: Cal. two leaves: Pod strap-shaped, (one-celled: "Seeds crested, free. E.)

C. MA'JUS.

Ludw. 132-Kniph. 8—Fl. Dan. 542—(E. Bot. 1581. E.)-Woodv. 263— Blackw. 91-Mill. 92. 1-Walc.-Fuchs. 865—J. B. iii. 482-Trag. 107 -Ger. 911-Clus. ii. 203. 1-Dod. 48-Lob. Obs. 440. 1, and Ic. i. 760. 2 -Ger. Em. 1069. 1-Park. 617. 1-Lonic. i. 165. 3—Matth. 628-H. Ox. iii. 2. row 1. 9.

(Stem two feet high, branched, brittle, swollen at the joints, yielding an orange juice. Calyx somewhat hairy, deciduous. Seeds black, shining, with a white crest. E.) Leaves deeply wing-cleft, segments nearly circular, scolloped. Flowers yellow. Fruit-stalks forming umbels. Stamens sometimes not more than twenty. Seed-vessel cylindrical, but compressed.

CELANDINE. (SWALLOW-WORT. Welsh: Dilwydd felen; Llym y llygaid. E.) Hedges, rough shady places, on rubbish and uncultivated ground. P. May-July.t

Var. 2. Laciniatum. Jagged-leaved.

This plant is a powerful repellent. The root is useful in some nervous cases, but it must be administered with caution. The berries are poisonous in a very high degree. It is said that toads, allured by the fetid smell of this plant, resort to it; but it grows in such damp and shady situations as those reptiles otherwise prefer. Sheep and goats eat it; cows, horses, and swine refuse it.

+ (From xew, a swallow; because, according to Pliny and Dioscorides, it appears and disappears with that bird: but not so, Gerard observes, "for it may be founde all the yeere, but bicause some holde opinion, that with this herbe the dams (swallows) restore sight to their yoong ones when their eies be out, the which things are vaine and false. Vid. also Cornelius Celsus and Aristotle. Hence, however, it obtained the name of Swallowwort. E.)

The juice of every part of this plant is yellow and very acrimonious. (It is, in fact, very dissimilar to the sap, properly so called, of plants in general; but being like animal milk, composed of a watery fluid with oil or resin, must be considered an emulsion, which by evaporation, deposits its gum-resin. E.) It removes tetters and ringworms. Diluted with milk it consumes white opake spots upon the eyes. It destroys warts and cures the psora. There is no doubt that a medicine of such activity may be converted to more

Kniph. 8, first fig.-Fl. Dan. 676--Mill. 92. 2—J. B. iii. 483—Clus. ii. 203

-Ger. Em. 1069. 2-Park. 617. 2.

Leaves with five lobes. Lobes narrow, sharply jagged. Miller, who, during the cultivation of it for upwards of thirty years, could never perceive any alteration in it.

Among the ruins of the Duke of Leeds's seat at Wimbledon.

(GLAUCIUM.* Calyx two-leaved: Pod two or three-celled: Seeds dotted, imbedded in a spongy substance which fills the pod. E.)

(G. LUTE'UM. Stem smooth: stem-leaves wavy: pod roughish, with minute tubercles. Sm. E.)

(Hook. Fl. Lond. 56. E.)-Fl. Dan. 585-E. Bot. 8-Fuchs. 520-J. B. iii. 398-Kniph. 4-Trag. 123-Clus. ii. 91. 1-Dod. 448-Lob. Obs. 141. 1, and Ic. i. 270. 2- Ger. Em. 367. 1— Ger. 294. 1-Pet. 52. 7—Matth. 1061 -Lonic. i. 82-H. Ox. iii. 14. 1. f. 1-Park. 262. 1 and 2.

Plant sea-green. Stem much branched, (spreading two or three feet long. Radical-leaves a span long, stalked, pinnatifid, lobed, cut, scabrous on the upper side. E.) Stem-leaves embracing the stem, deeply indented, rough above, smooth beneath. Branches forked. Fruit-stalks thick, slightly hairy, with one or two flowers. Calyx large, oval, hairy. Petals large, egg-shaped, yellow. Pods very long, (often ten or twelve inches, E.) bent in various directions, terminated by an arrow-shaped summit. Woodw.

YELLOW HORNED POPPY. (Irish: Gran Areain. Welsh: Llwydlas; Pabi corniogmelyn. G. luteum. Gærtn. Willd. Sm. Hook. Grev. Chelidonium Glaucium. Linn. Lightf. Huds. With. early Editions. E.) Sandy sea-shores. Norfolk and Suffolk coast, particularly about Dunwich; and Cartmel sands and Roosebeck, Lancashire. Mr. Woodward. (Ventner, Isle of Wight; Hastings; near Beachey Head. Dr. Bostock. North Shore, Liverpool, near the mouth of the river Alt. Mr. Shepherd. Walney Isle. Mr. Atkinson. Sea coast, Teignmoth. Queen's Ferry, near Edinburgh. On the Ballast Hills of Tyne and Wear. Mr. Winch. Sea Beach, Anglesey. Welsh Bot. Very abundant on the Kentish shores, particularly about Dover, &c. E.) A. July-Aug.t

(G. PHOENICIUM. Stem hairy: stem-leaves pinnatifid, cut: pod rough with upright bristles. Sm. E.)

Curt. Glaucium-(E. Bot. 1433. E.)-Clus. ii. 91. 2-Dod. 449. 1-Lob. Obs. 141. 2, and Ic. i. 271. 1-Ger. Em. 367. 2-Ger. 294. 2-J. B. iii. 399. 1.

important purposes. (Salisbury assures us that it is an excellent remedy in icteric, and other obstructions of the viscera; and, if taken with perseverance, will greatly relieve the scurvy. It should be used fresh, as it loses part of its virtue in drying.-In Cochin-China the roots are esteemed for various medicinal purposes. A double-flowered variety is sometimes admitted into gardens. E.)

(So called from its glaucous or sea-green colour. E.)

✦ (This is a very showy flower, and Miller observes, if a few of the seeds are scattered about on rock-work, the plants will rise without trouble, and have a pretty effect; though too apt to spread in gardens. E.)

Plant sea-green (nearly the same size, but rather more upright than the preceding. E.) Root spindle-shaped. Root-leaves in a circle, on short leaf-stalks; wings alternate, indented at the ends, the upper ones largest, the terminal ones broad, blunt, with three or four ind endures, hairy. Stem slighly hairy, furrowed, forked, branched. Stem-leaves half embracing the stem, alternate. Fruit-stalks terminal, and from the bosom of the upper leaves, slightly hairy, with sometimes one or two leaves similar to those of the stem, but smaller. Petals oval, deep orange, with an elliptical purplish spot at the base of each. Capsule very long, nearly straight, terminated by a blunt knob, very hairy. Woodw.

(RED HORNED POPPY. G. phænicium. Gærtn. Willd. Sm. Chelidonium corniculatum. Linn. Huds. With. early Editions. Hull. Avery doubtful native. E.) Sandy corn-fields, Norfolk, discovered by Mr. Stillingfleet; (but Sir J. E. Smith observes it has never been found since. E.) A. July-Aug. (G. VIOLA'CEUM. Leaves doubly pinnatifid, linear, smooth: stem smooth: pod of three valves and three cells, with membranous partitions. Sm. E.)

E. Bot. 201-Kniph. 10—Clus. ii. 92. 2—Dod. 449. 2-Lob. Obs. 141. 3, and Ic. 272. 1-Ger. Em. 367. 4-Park. 262. 3—J. B. iii. 399. 2-Pet. 52. 8 —H. Ox. iii. 14. 2. f. 2.

(Stem branched, about a foot high. E.) Root spindle-shaped, slender. Root-leaves on leaf-stalks. Stem-leaves sessile, simply or doubly winged; divisions strap-shaped, nearly equal, smooth. Stem slightly hairy. Fruit-stalks smooth. Calyx oval, slightly hairy. Petals egg-shaped, deep purple, (fugacious. E.) Pods long, smooth, terminated with a roundish knob. Woodw. (Linnæus suspected this plant might be a hybrid between a Chelidonium and Papaver Argemone. E.)

(VIOLET HORNED POPPY. G. violaceum. Juss. Willd. Relh. Sm. Chelidonium hybridum. Linn. With. early Editions. C. violaceum. Lamarck. E.) Sandy corn-fields. Between Swaffham and Burwell, Cambridgeshire. Ray. Relhan. (About four miles from Aylesham, towards Cromer, Norfolk. Mr. Hugh Rose. E.) A. May-June. PAPA'VER.* Bloss. four petals: Cal. two-leaves: Summit target-shaped, radiated, scolloped : Caps. (often) manycelled: opening with pores beneath the crown of the permanent summit.

P. HYBRIDUM.

(1) Capsules rough with hairs.

Capsule nearly globular, furrowed, bristly: stem leafy, many-flowered: (leaves doubly pinnatifid. E.)

E. Bot. 43-Lob. Obs. 144. 1. and Ic. i. 276. 1-Ger. Em. 373. 1-Park. 369. 1—J. B. iii. 396. 1-Pet. 52. 5—H. Ox. iii. 14. 9-Ger. 300. 1. Leaves doubly wing-cleft: segments strap-shaped, nearly equal, the terminal one three-cleft; nearly smooth above, nerves underneath, bristly.

(Learned etymologists derive this name from pap, papa, given to infants in order to procure sleep; or we might suggest, (ris. ten.?) pap. ver. q. d. the true parent, or chief nourisher,

"Tired nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep." E.)

Branches and fruit-stalks channelled, with strong hairs pointing upwards. Capsules roundish-oval, furrowed like a melon. Stigma with radii answering to the furrows. Woodw. Petals small, dark scarlet. Filaments deep purple. Anthers pleasant blue. Relh. (Stem slender, branched, leafy, twelve to eighteen inches high, rough, with hairs laid flat. Branches single flowered, naked. Calyx armed with brown bristles. E.) ROUND-ROUGH-HEADED POPPY. Corn-fields. Near Norwich. Mr. Pitchford. At Wells, Norfolk. Mr. Crowe. About Durham. Mr. Robson. (At Darent, near Dartford. Mr. Lewin. Near Fulwell and Sunderland. Mr. Winch. Malton corn-fields, Yorkshire. Teesdale. Around Ramsgate. Mr. Gerard E. Smith. E.) A. June-July."

P. ARGEMONE. Capsule club-shaped, ribbed, bristly: stem leafy, many-flowered: (leaves doubly pinnatifid. E.)

(E. Bot. 643. E.)—Fl. Dan. 867—Curt. 313—J. B. iii. 396. 2-Lob. Obs 144. 2, and Ic. i. 276. 2-Ger. Em. 373. 2—H. Ox. iii. 14. 10-Pet. 52. 6 -Ger. 300. 2.

Root-leaves with a broad mid-rib, set with three or four pair of wings and
an odd one, each of which is cloved into three. Petals inversely egg
shaped, dull scarlet, with a black spot towards the base, white before the
calyx opens. Germen inversely conical. Summit, rays five to eight.
Capsule cells as many as rays on the summit; bristles strong, white,
pointing upwards. (In general habit resembling P. hybridum, but the
segments of the leaves broader. It sometimes appears with a double
flower. Curtis remarks that it is often overlooked from the extreme
fugacity of its petals, which rarely continue expanded six hours. E.).
(Starved maritime specimens may occasionally be observed extremely
diminutive, bearing only one flower, and usually more hirsute; as at
Roosebeck. Mr. Atkinson. Between Abergele and Conway. Mr. Griffith.
By the sea side at Weymouth. E.) From such originated P. maritimum.
With. E.)

LONG-ROUGH-HEADED POPPY. (Welsh: Drewg Hirben-gwrychog.
E.)
Corn-fields.
A. June-July.

(P. NUDICAULE. Capsule obovate, hispid: scape with one flower naked, hispid: leaves villoso-hispid, pinnatifid, attenuated into a petiole longer than the leaf.

Hook. Fl. Lond. 214-Fl. Dan. 41-Sims, Bot. Mag. 1633-Kniph. 10. Stem none, or obsolete. Leaves all radical, numerous, petiolated, entirely villoso-hispid, pinnatifid, with the laciniae entire or cut, petiole longer than the leaf. Scape four to six inches high, simple, rounded, hairy, the hairs horizontal, rusty brown, bearing a single flower at the extremity. Calyx of two leaves, the leafits oval, concave, externally clothed with brown, patent, hairs. Bloss, of four yellow, roundish, patent, petals. Stamens numerous, yellow, longer than the pistil. Anthers subtetragonous. Germen oval, hispid. Stigma sessile.

NAKED-STALKED YELLOW POPPY. Gathered by Prof. Giesecke of Dublin among rocky glens in the hills at Achilhead, Ireland.

(2) Capsules smooth.

Hook. Fl. Lond. E.)

P. RHE'AS. Capsules smooth, nearly globular: stigma many-rayed:

stem many-flowered, rough, like the flower-stalks, with expanding bristles: leaves pinnatifid, cut.

Curt. 215-(E. Bot. 645.—Fl. Dan. 1580. E.)—Blackw. 560—Ludw. 17— Kniph. 5, the 2d. fig.-Woodv. 186-Fuchs. 516-Trag. 120—Ger. 299. 1-Lonic. i. 81-H. Ox. iii. 14. 6-Dod. 447-Lob. Obs. 143, and Ic. i 275 Ger. Em. 371. 1-Park. 366. 4-Pet. 52. 2-Matth. 1057— Blackw. 2.

Leaves hairy: leafits strap-shaped, indented, serrated. Fruit-stalks long; hairs expanding. Lyons. Capsule not globular but ovate, and nearly as broad as it is long. Blossom bright scarlet, sometimes black at the base. (Distinguished from P. dubium by hairs and short capsules spreading horizontally; otherwise much resembling that species, though the segments of the leaves are generally broader. E.)

CORN POPPY. CORN ROSE. COP ROSE. (Scotch: HEAD-WARK. REDMAILKES. Irish: Blah na bo dah. Welsh: Llygad y cythraul. E.) Among corn, (frequent in most parts of this island, but in the southern counties the corn-lands are most brilliancy bordered with these Poppies, particularly in Kent and Sussex. The Rev. S. Dickenson observes that it is rarely, if ever, to be met with in Shropshire, nor have I been able to find a single plant of it in Staffordshire; the common Corn Poppy of those counties being P. dubium. E.) A. June-Aug."

(Garden culture produces ornamental varieties; more or less double. One of the most beautiful is the Carnation Poppy, rich in varied tints, of delicate texture, and elegant form. This flower, observes Phillips, bursts forth from its confinement, when mature, with considerable force, throwing off the two-leaved caducous calyx to some distance, and astonishing the beholder to see so large and beautiful a blossom expand from so small a dwelling. This Poppy bespeaks a light and shallow soil. It seems to have been from the most remote ages considered an attribute of Ceres, and an indispensable requisite in the decoration of that goddess, as it is found almost invariably to accompany the more valued grain, both in Britain and on the Continent. When in corn-fields so predominant as to appear as the principal crop, (the quantum of nutriment in a given surface being necessarily Jimited), this weed must considerably detract from what ought to supply the more valuable produce; it should therefore obtain the early attention of the farmer, and not be suffered to exert a prejudicial influence without interference, as is too often the case, even in some well-cultivated districts. And hence, (among weeds to be eradicated), Virgil condemns

"Poppies, pregnant with Lethean juice." E.)

The petals give out a fine colour when infused, and a syrup thus prepared is kept in the shops. It partakes in a small degree of the properties of opium. (From the petals of this plant the ingenious little Apis Papaveris, (Drapery-bee,) choses the hanging of her apartment. This curious insect dextrously cuts out the petals of the half-expanded flowers, straightens the folds, and fits them for her purpose, overhanging the walls of her solitary cell with this splendid tapestry, in which, when completely finished, and rendered soft and warm, she deposits her honey and pollen. An interesting writer remarks," The Entomologist boasts that there is nothing analogous in the vegetable world to the metamorphosis of the butterfly: and, in poetic fervour, he resembles it to the immerging of the immortal spirit from its tabernacle of earthly clay. But behold the brilliant Poppy, just ready to expand. The corolla is carefully folded up, and enclosed in a rough unvaried covering of green. Certainly in this state it is not particularly attractive. Wait however one moment; the sun, even at this early hour, has absorbed the dews of night, and dried and warmed the mask of rough green which envelops the head. Suddenly it opens, and falls off. As the butterfly bursts from its dull dry case in all the pride of perfection, so does this brilliant flower instantly display its rich brown stamens, and unfold its splendid orange wings, as Linnæus elegantly terms the petals. In both the insect and the flower, nature seems to have deviated from her usual slow gradations, as if impatient for, and