Var. 2. Fl. mag. Large-flowered. Huds. (G. intermedium. Ehrh. With. Ed. 6. G. urbanum B. Sm. Somewhat larger in the petals, and more tawny, than the common appearance. Suspected to be a hybrid between G. urhanum and the following species; though Messrs. Curtis and Robson report it to be unaltered by garden culture. E.)

Fuchs. 385-Trag. 37.

Tedford Wood in the Welds, Lincolnshire; and in Cambridgeshire. Ray. (In a low shady grove, by the river, at Matlock Bath. Sir J. E. Smith. Banks of the Esk, above Newbattle. Dr. Graham. Grev. Edin. Near St. Helen's Well, and other spots, near Darlington. Mr. Robson. In woods at Fryar's Goose on the Tyne. Mr. Winch. E.)

G. RIVA'LE. Flowers pendulous: awns feathered, twisted: petals blunt, roundish wedge-shaped: radical leaves winged, somewhat lyrate.

E. Bot. 106-Fl. Dan. 722—Kniph. 1-Lob. Ic. i. 694-Clus. ii. 203. 1— Ger. Em. 995. 4-Pet. 40. 3-H. Ox. iv. 26. 7—J. B. ii. 398. n. 2. Upper-leaves with three or four lobes. Leaf-scales undivided, or jagged. Fruit-stalks purplish, becoming less bent when the seeds ripen. Calyx oblong, flat at the base, greenish purple, cloven half way down. Blossoms streaked, of a dilute tawny red. (Root horizontal, rather woody. Stem a foot high, upright, branches at the top nutant. Root-leaves plaited, cut, serrated, hairy. E.)

Var. 2. Flore pleno. Flowers double; sometimes proliferous; (so found near Castle Éden by Mr. Winch. This is certainly "no hybrid," says Sir J. E. Smith, who states that by transplanting the wild roots into a dry gravelly soil, the flowers become red, as well as double and proliferous, with many strange changes of leaves into petals, and the contrary. E.) WATER AVENS. (Welsh: Mabgoll glan y dwr. E.) Mountainous pastures and woods not unfrequent in the north of England, in Scotland, and Wales. P. June-July.*

DRY'AS.

Cal. five or ten-cleft: Petals five or eight: Seeds with tails, formed by the feathered style: Receptacle

broad and flat.

D. OCTOPE'TALA. Petals eight: leaves simple, (serrated, downy beneath. E.)

(E. Bot. 451. E.)-Penn. Hebr. 33. at p. 285-Fl. Dan. 31-Clus. 1. 351. 2 -Ger. Em. 659. 6-Ger. 533. 4-Lob. Adv. 209, Ic. i. 495. 1--- Gisec. iii. 66-Lob. Obs. 260. 2, Ic. 495. 2-Park. 106. 1.

(Root woody. Stems short, scaly, with the shrivelled bases of old leaves, decumbent, intangled, woody; branches leafy, upright. Leaves on leafstalks, at the edges revolute, evergreen, about an inch long, serrated, egg-shaped, smooth and shining above, cottony, with a reddish rib beneath. Fruit-stalks solitary, upright, very long, woolly, towards the end rough with glands. Calyx glandulous, hairy, with eight segments, nearly equal. Flowers large, white, solitary. E.)

The powdered root will cure tertian agues, and is daily used for that purpose by the Canadians. Sheep and goats eat it. Cows, horses, and swine are not fond of it. Linn. It is made use of to cure ropy malt liquor. St.

+(So called by Linnæus from the DRYADES, to whom the Oak, Apus, is sacred; the eaves bearing some resemblance to those of that tree. E.)

MOUNTAIN AVENS. High mountains, (chiefly in micaceous or calcareous soil. E.) On those between Gort and Galloway, and near Sligo, in Ireland; and on those in Breadalbane, Isle of Skye, Ross-shire, Sutherland, and Argyleshire. Ray, and Messrs. Stuart and Lightfoot. On Arncliff Clowder, in Littendale, near Kilnsay, Yorkshire. Curtis. Near Settle. Dr. Fell. (Near the Black Ark, on Cronkley Fell, Teesdale. Mr. Winch. E.) P. June-Aug. CO'MARUM. Cal. ten-cleft, permanent; segments alternately smaller: Petals five: Seeds naked, smooth: Receptacle globular, spongy, hairy, permanent.

C. PALUS'TRE.

Dicks. H. S.-Kniph. 9—Fl. Dan. 636-E. Bot. 172—Ger. 836. 4—J. B. ii. 398. c. 2-Dod. 117. 2-Lob. Ic. 691. 1-Ger. Em. 987. 4.

(Stems about a foot in height, often tinged with red, decumbent at the base, cylindrical, smooth, leafy. Leaves on long leaf-stalks, of three, five, and seven leafits, oblong, serrated, hoary underneath, sometimes, though rarely, thicker and villose. The calyx, petals, stamens, styles, and recep tacles of a dark red purple, approaching to blackness. Flowers few, panicled, an inch over. Petals considerably smaller than the spreading calyx. E.)

MARSH CINQUEFOIL. PURPLE MARSHLOCKS. (Welsh: Llygad ysgyfarnog. E.) Muddy stagnant marshes. Giggleswick Tarn, near Settle. Curtis. Marl-pits near Dalton. Mr. Atkinson. Norfolk, not unfrequent. Mr. Woodward. Boggy places near Bromsgrove Lickey, Worcestershire. Nash. Bogs in the county of Durham, frequent. Mr. Robson. (Bootle Marsh, near Liverpool. Dr. Bostock. Coleshill Bog, Warwickshire. Purton. In the bogs of Bin's pond, Selborne. White's Nat. Hist. In Anglesey. Welsh Bot. Frequent in Scotland; Duddingston loch, Pentland hills, &c. Dr. Greville. South-west side of Edgbaston pool, near Birmingham. E.) P. June-July.t

Var. 2. Differs only in the leaves being hairy, which hairiness also it loses in the following year. Linn.

Pluk. 212. 2-Pet. 41. 2.

(From xouapos, an ancient name given by Theophrastus to an evergreen tree, and not now rightly understood. E.)

+ The root dyes a dirty red. The Irish rub their milking pails with it, to make the milk appear richer and thicker. Goats eat it. Cows and sheep are not fond of it. Horses and

swine refuse it.

VOL. III.

CLASS XIII.

POLYANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

(1) Petals four.

PAPAVER. Calyx two-leaved: Capsule one-celled: (opening by pores under the crown of the stigma. E.) CHELIDO'NIUM. Calyx two-leaved: S. vess. a long singlecelled Pod: Seeds crested, free.

(GLAUCIUM. Calyx two-leaved: Pod two-celled;* Seeds pitted, imbedded in a spongy substance, which fills the pod. E.)

ACTE/A. Calyx four-leaved: Berry one-celled: Seeds in a double row.

(2) Petals five.

CISTUS. Caps. nearly globular, opening at the apex: Cal. five-leaved: two leafits smaller.

TILIA. Caps. five-celled, coriaceous: Cal. deciduous: (cells two-seeded, rarely one-celled, and one-seeded. E.) [Delphinium Consolida.]

(3) Petals numerous.

NYMPHÆ'A. (Berry coated, of many cells: Cal. larger than the petals Pet. seated on the germen: Nect. in the centre of the stigma. Sm. E.)

(NU'PHAR. Berry coated, of many cells: Pet. from the receptacle, furrowed and honey-bearing at the back. Sm. E.)

(Gærtner, Smith, &c. describe the cells as at least two: Hooker denies this pod having more than one, as was suspected by Jussieu. E.)

DIGYNIA.

(PCEO'NIA. Cal. of five leaves: Petals five: Styles none: Capsule many-seeded. E.)

POTE'RIUM. Flowers B. and F. on the same plant: Cal. four-leaved: Bloss. with four divisions.

F. Berry formed of the indurated tube of the blossom, two-celled.

TRIGYNIA.

DELPHIN'IUM. Cal, none: Bloss, five petals; upper petal spurred: Nectary cloven, sessile.

[Chelidonium hybridum. Reseda Luteola.]

TETRAGYNIA.

[Myriophyllum verticillatum.]

PENTAGYNIA.

(ACONITUM. Cal. none: Pet. five, the upper one hooded: Nect. two, recurved, stalked, under the hood. E.)

AQUILEGIA. Cal. none: Bloss. five petals: Nectaries five: spurred below.

[Papaver Cambricum.]

HEXAGYNIA.

STRATIO TES. Cal. with three divisions: Bloss. three petals: Berry six-celled, sheathed.

[Papaver Cambricum.]

E 2

ZOSTE/RA.

POLYGYNIA.

Spike-stalk strap-shaped, bearing fruit on one side: Cal. none: Bloss. none: Stam. alternate: Seed solitary, alternate.

CLEM'ATIS. Cal. none: Bloss. four petals: Seeds many, with feathery tails.

THALICTRUM. Cal. none: Bloss. four or five petals: Seeds many, awnless, naked.

A'RUM. (Sheath one leaf, convolute at the base: Sheath-fruitstalk, naked above; bearing pistils below, and sessile stamens in the middle: Bloss. none: Berry one-celled, one-seeded. E.)

HELLEBORUS.

Cal. none: Bloss. five petals, permanent: Nectaries numerous, tubular: (Follicles three or four, beaked. E.)

CALTHA. Cal. none: Bloss. five or more petals: Caps. (Follicles five to ten: E.) Nectaries none.

ANEMO'NE. Cal. none: Bloss. five to fifteen petals: Seeds

many.

TROL'LIUS. Cal. none: Bloss. fourteen petals: Nectaries strap-shaped: Caps. many-seeded.

SAGITTA'RIA. Flowers B. and F. on the same plant: Cal. three leaves: Bloss. three petals.

B. Filaments about twenty-four.

F. Seeds many, naked.

RANUN'CULUS.

Cal. five (or three) leaves: Bloss. five (or eight) petals Seeds many: Petals with a nectary in the

claw.

ADO'NIS. Cal. five leaves: Bloss. five or ten petals: Seeds numerous, angular, naked.

[Nymphæa alba. Papaver somniferum.]

MONOGYNIA.

ACTE A. Bloss. four petals: Cal. four leaves: Berry onecelled: Seeds flattened, in two vertical rows. E.)

A. SPICA'TA. Bunch egg-shaped: fruit berry-like.