Imatges de pàgina
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dale, Yorkshire. Ray. Mr. Robson assures me that it still grows in great abundance upon these spots. (At Wince Bridge, Durham. Mr. Winch. E.)

S. June.* P. ANSERINA. Leaves interruptedly winged, serrated, silky: stem creeping: fruit-stalks single-flowered.

Curt. 203-(E. Bot. 861. E.)-Fl. Dan. 544—Matth. 1016-Dod. 600. 1— Lob. Ic. i. 693. 1, Obs. 395. 1-Ger. Em. 993-Park. 593-Ger. 841Pet. 41. 11-Fuchs. 619-J. B. ii. 398. h.-H. Ox. ii. 20. row 2.4-Trag. 480-Lonic. i. 240. 2-Blackw. 6.

Leaves

(Stems procumbent, occasionally reddish, radicating and producing leaves and flowers from the joints. E.) With long creeping runners. silvery and white underneath, (three to six inches long. E.) Leafits curiously plicate, lanceolate. Receptacle hairy. Blossom large, yellow. (Sometimes the leaves are nearly destitute of that silky down which gives them their chief beauty.

SILVER-WEED. WILD TANSY. (The old name ARGENTINE, from the silvery hue of the foliage, is almost equally applicable to P. argentea. E.) (MOOR GRASS, in Scotland. Irish: Brisclan. Welsh: Tinllwyd; Gwyn y merched. Gaelic: Bar-a-bhrisgein. E.) Sides of paths and roads, and in low pastures, especially where water has remained stagnant during winter. P. June-July.t P. RUPES'TRIS. (Stem erect, without runners: leaves lyro-pinnate, in sevens, fives, and threes: leafits ovate, serrated, hairy. E.) Jacq. Austr. 114-(E. Bot. 2058. E.)-Clus. ii. 107. 1-Ger. Em. 991– Park. 397. 7-Pet. 41. 6-J. B. ii. 598. d. 2-H. Ox. ii. 20. row 1. 1— Kniph. 11. very luxuriant.

Whole plant hairy. S'em forked upwards, a foot high, striated, reddish, many-flowered. Leaves, serratures, and segments of the cup, tipped with scarlet or purple. (Petals inversely heart-shaped, white. Styles reddish. Seeds smooth, not furrowed; in this and other appearances, somewhat resembling a Fragaria. E.) STRAWBERRY-FLOWERED CINQUEFOIL. On the sides of Craig Wreiden, (or Breddin,) Montgomeryshire. Ray. (Gathered there in 1817, by Mr. J. E. Bowman. Eng. Fl. E.) P. July. (P. TRIDEN TATA. Leaves ternate, wedge-shaped, smooth on the upper surface, hairy beneath; trifid at the end.

E. Bot. 2389-Ait. H. Kew. v. 2. t. 9.

At least equalling any of its genus in beauty. (Root reddish brown. Stems panicled, erect, three or four inches high, reddish, hairy. Seeds smooth, with a tuft of hairs about the top. Each leafit an inch long. Cal. purplish. Radical-leaves on channelled foot-stalks, exceeding their own length. Sm. E.) Flowers white, three or four on each stem.

(The beautiful appearance of its numerous flowers has gained it admittance into gardens. Besoms are made of it. Cows, horses, goats, and sheep it. Swine refuse it.

The leaves are mildly astringent. Dried and powdered they have been given with success in agues. The usual dose is a table spoonful of the powder every three hours between the fits. The roots in the winter time eat like parsnips. Swine are fond of them. (Lightfoot states that in the islands of Tiras and Col, the inhabitants have been occasionally relieved from famine by the use of these roots, which abound in their poor Fasture grounds. Cows, horses, goats, and swine eat the plant. Sheep refuse it. E.)

THREE-TOOTHED CINQUEFOIL. Discovered by Mr. G. Don, on a mountain called Werron, and on the eastern rocks of Clova, in Angus-shire. P. May-June. E.)

(2) Leaves digilate.

P. ARGEN'TEA. Leafits quinate, wedge-shaped, jagged, cottony beneath: stem ascending.

E. Bot. 89-Fl. Dan. 865-Matth. 1020-J. B. ii. 398. c. 1-H. Ox. ii. 19. 11.

Stems numerous, woody, reclining, a foot or more in length, cylindrical, downy, forked upwards. Branches axillary. Leaf-stalks of the lower leaves long, gradually shortening upwards. Leaves green above, white and cottony underneath; lower ones alternate, with five divisions; segments wedge-shaped, entire towards the base, but wing-cleft towards the ends. Floral-leaves with one or three strap-shaped, entire, segments. Calyx downy, as long as the blossom. Petals small, yellow, soon shedding. Robs.

SILVERY OF HOARY CINQUEFOIL.

Meadows and pastures in a gravelly soil. Side of the turnpike road in the parish of Holt Castle, Worcestershire. Mr. Ballard. On Blackheath. Mr. Jones. About Harrowgate plentiful. Mr. Robson. (Hill of Kinnoul, Perth; between Dorking and Bletchworth, Surry; between Hexham and Beaufront, Northumberland; near South Shields, Durham. Mr. Winch. E.) P. June-Sept. P. REPTANS. Leaves quinate: leafits obovate, serrated: stem creeping: stalks axillary, single-flowered.

(E. Bot. 862-Fl. Dan. 1164. E.)-Kniph. 7-Ludw. 116-Curt.-Woodv. 59-Walc.-Lonic. i. 216. 2-Fuchs. 624-J. B. ii. 397-Lonic. i. 216. 1 -Blackw. 454-Matth. 1018-Ger. 836. 1-Dod. 116. 1-Lob. Ic. 690. 1, Obs. 393. 3-Ger. Em. 987. 1-Pet. 41. 3-Park. 399. 1-H. Or. ii. 19. 7.

(Peduncles solitary, longer than the leaves. Calyx hairy. Petals yellow, large. E.) Stem sometimes extending several feet. Fruit-stalks cylindrical. Leaves opposite, in pairs, segments ending in purplish points. Leafits sometimes three. Flower-scales spear-egg-shaped, in pairs. Tormentilla reptans has been thought a var. of this; but, not to mention other differences, P. reptans has a creeping stem striking out roots at the joints, T. reptans a trailing stem not striking root. Afzel. Mr. Dawson Turner, however, states, that a plant of T. reptans transplanted into his garden three years ago, has by culture gradually approached nearer and nearer to Potentilla, till it is now hardly to be distinguished from it, and of its flowers at this time almost equal proportions bear four or five petals. E.)

COMMON CREEPING CINQUEFOIL. FIVE-LEAVED GRASS. (Irish: Meagigh.
Welsh: Pumnalen gyffredin ymlusgaidd. E.) Meadows, pastures, and
road sides.
P. June-Sept.

P. VER'NA. (Root-leaves of five or seven sharply serrated, furrowed leafits, hairy at the margins and ribs beneath: stems procum

* The red cortical part of the root is mildly astringent and antiseptic. A decooction of it is a good gargle for loose teeth and spongy gums. Horses, cows, goats, and sheep eat it.

bent: petals obcordate, longer than the calyx: E.) stem-leaves

ternate.

E. Bot. 37-Kniph. 8-Allion. 24. 2—Clus. ii. 106. 2– Ger. Em. 988. 8— J. B. ii. 398. a. 1—Crantz. ii. 1. 1.

Root below clothed with broad rusty-coloured scales, but throwing out several stems from its head. Stems not creeping, ascending, purplish, much branched, slightly sprinkled with hairs, many flowered. Petals yellow, notched, with or without a tawny spot at the base. Stamens and pistils yellow. Plant when grown to maturity nearly smooth. Linn. Whole plant beset with soft, shining, silky hairs. Root-leaves roundish, on long leaf-stalks. Leafits wedge-shaped, sessile, serrated, and truly dented at the end, entire downwards, the upper one the largest. Stems numerous, (several inches long, spreading in patches. E.) Stem-leaves three-cleft. Leaf-scales in pairs, spear-shaped, embracing the stem. Fruit-stalks terminal and axillary, long, slender, each with one flower. Floral-leaves spear-shaped. Calyx segments not very unequal, half as long as the blossom. Petals inversely heart-shaped. Woodw. SPRING CINQUEFOIL. Rocky mountainous pastures. Near Preston. Giggleswick, Yorkshire; Gloggaeth, Carnarvonshire. Pennant. Near Finlarig, Breadalbane. King's Park, Edinburgh, on the south-west side of Arthur's Seat. Dr. Hope. Near Carr End, Wensleydale, Yorkshire. Curtis. Canham Heath, near Bury, Suffolk. Mr. Woodward. Braid Hills and Craig Lochart, near Edinburgh. Mr. Brown. Wick Cliffs, Glostershire. Rev. G. Swayne. P. April-June. (P. OPA'CA. Radical-leaves of seven hairy, linear-wedge-shaped leafits, deeply serrated throughout: stem-leaves ternate, mostly opposite stems recumbent.

E. Bot. 2449-Jacq. Ic. Rar. 91.

Leafits constantly seven, dark green, with numerous deep marginal serratures. Flowers numerous, on long, simple, solitary, axillary, or panicled and bracteated, downy, hairy stalks. Cal. hairy, its outer segments narrow, as long as the rest. Petals the same length, bright yellow, orange coloured towards the base. Seeds corrugated.

Not so nearly resembling P. verna as authors have imagined. SAW-LEAVED HAIRY CINQUEFOIL. P. opaca. Linu. Willd. Jacq. Hall. Nestl. Don. Sm. Hook. Received from Scotland by the late Mr. Don of Cambridge. Hills of Clova, Angus-shire: Braes of Balquidder, Perthshire. Mr. G. Don. P. June. Sm. Eng. Fl. E.)

(P. ALPES TRIS. Radical-leaves of five wedge-shaped, somewhat hairy leafits: deeply cut in their upper half: upper stipulæ ovate: petals heart-shaped: stems ascending. E.)

(E. Bot. 561. E.)-Fl. Dan. 114.

This has been suspected to be a var. P. verna, but its habit is very diffe

rent.

Stems decumbent at the base, then ascending, from four to eight or ten inches high, branched, leafy, somewhat compressed, loosely hairy. Calyx externally hairy; segments acute, somewhat unequal. Petals tawny yellow, or orange, inversely heart-shaped, as long, or longer than the calyx.

P. alpestris, (as ascertained by Haller, jun. and sanctioned by Smith, hitherto denominated P. aurea by most authors,) is an extremely variable species; but the entire bases of the wedge-shaped leafits, and the deep wide segments of their upper part, destitute of the silvery margin of P. aurea, are characteristic. Sm. E.)

GOLDEN CINQUEFOIL. Pastures near Kippax, three miles from Pontefract. Ray. (Rocks of Malghyrdy, Ben Teskerney, Ben Lawers, and Craig Cailleach. Mr. Brown. Rocks above Gordale Scar, Yorkshire. Mr. Brunton. Near Corbridge Mill, Northumberland: and on basaltic rocks at Wince Bridge, Teesdale. Mr. Winch. E.) P. June-Aug. (P. alba admitted on rather slight authority, and without any precise station, in the time of Hudson, has never been found since in Britain. E.)

TORMENTIL'LA.* Calyx eight-cleft: Petals four: Seeds naked, beardless, fixed to a small juiceless receptacle. T. OFFICINALIS. Stem somewhat ascending, branched: leaves sessile. Kniph. 6-Ludw. 174-Curt. 337-(E. Bot. 863. E.)-Blackw. 445—Fl. Dan. 589-Woodv. 27—Park. 394. 1—Fuchs. 260—J. B. ii. 398. g. 2— Sheldr. 47-Trag. 503-Matth. 977-Dod. 118-Lob. Obs. 395. 2. Ic. 696. 2-Ger. Em. 992-H. Ox. ii. 19. 13-Pet. 41. 9—Ger. 840.

Stems generally declining, (six to eight inches long, slender. E.) Flowering branches ascending. Leaf-scales in pairs, wedge-shaped, deeply divided into three or more lobes. Woodw. Leaves of a beautiful green, ternate. Root-leaves on leaf-stalks. Leaf-stalks shorter than the breadth of the leafits. Leafits serrated. Calyx, the four smaller segments on the outside of the other four. Petals sometimes five, of a fine yellow, orangecoloured at the base; claws very short. Stamens fourteen to eighteen. Pistils six to sixteen. Receptacle woolly. (Root large and woody. Flowers sometimes, though rarely, double; drooping before expansion. E.)

Unwilling as we are to change a Linnæan name, his trivial erecta, (upright), given to the present species, is so very inapplicable that we have chosen, with Curtis, to call it T. officinalis.

SEPTFOIL COMMON TORMENTIL. (Irish: Neaunadis. Welsh: Tresgly moch; Melyn y twynau. Gaelic: Bùr-braonan-nan-con. E.) T. erecta. Linn. Huds. Lightf. Relh. Hull. Willd. T. officinalis. Curt. Sm. Hook. Purt. Potentilla sylvestris. Neckar. P. Tormentilla. With. Ed. 2. Sibth. Abbot. Grev. Moors, barren pastures, and shady places.

P. June-Sept.†

Diminutive of tormen, the cholic, certain plants of this genus having acquired credit as a remedy for such complaints. E.)

+ The roots may rank with the strongest vegetable astringents, and as such have a place in the modern practice of physic. They are used in several countries to tan leather. Farmers find them very efficacious in the dysenteries of cattle. They dye red. Cows, goats, sheep, and swine eat it. Horses refuse it. Linn. A horse eat it. (M. Hermestadt, of Berlin, asserts, that a pound and a half of Tormentil will tan as much dry hide as seven pounds of oak bark. Month. Mag. v. 19. Bulleyn, in his " Book of Simples," asserts, on the authority of the Norfolk shepherds, that Tormentil in pastures prevents that very destruc. tive disease the rot in sheep.-Abundant in the Orkney and Western Isles, where the roots are in much request by the inhabitants. E.)

T. REP'TANS. Stem prostrate, scarcely branched: leaves stalked.

(E. Bot. 864. E.)-Walc.-Plot Ox. 9. 5. at p.146-Pet. 41. 10. (Stems two feet long, not radicating. All the leaves on leaf-stalks. Leafits ternate, wedge-shaped, generally on short leaf-stalks, serrated upwards, entire at the base; the upper frequently three-cleft. Stipule spearshaped, entire, with two or three clefts. (Stem undivided. Segments of the calyx egg-spear-shaped, unequal, hairy. Petals roundish, heartshaped, yellow. Flowers much larger than those of the preceding. E.) In a garden sometimes producing five petals, and ten clefts in the calyx, which confirms the opinion of those who maintain that Potentilla and Tormentilla are not distinct genera: (and hence Scopoli, on abolishing the latter genus, acutely queries, "Monoculum hominem ab humano genere quis separabit?" E.) But independent of the generic character, this species, as Dr. Afzelius remarked to me, differs from P. reptans, in having a trailing stem which does not strike root at the joints, whilst that has a creeping stem which takes root at every joint. (TRAILING TORMENTIL. Welsh: Tresgl ymlusgaidd. E.) Woods and sandy barren pastures. About Manchester. Mr. Caley. Lakenham, near Norwich. Mr. Crowe. Berkhamstead, Herts. Mr. Woodward. (At Bootle Land-mark, near Liverpool. Dr. Bostock. Near the boathouse, Sandgate East, Kent. Mr. G. E. Sinith. On Holyhead mountain, and banks near Llysdulas, Anglesey. Welsh Bot. Road-side between Hamilton and Cambuslang. Mr. Murray. Near Kirkcaldy. Mr. Stewart. Hook. Scot. E.) P. June-July.

GEUM. Cal. ten-cleft: Petals five: Styles terminal: Seed with a jointed awn: Receptacle columnar.

G. URBANUM. Flowers upright: awns hooked, bare root-leaves lyre-shaped: stem-leaves ternate.

(E. Bot. 1400. E.)-Ludw. 36-Curt. 113-Kniph. 9-Blackw. 253-Walc. -Fl. Dan. 672-Fuchs. 384-Woodv. 259-Pet. 40. 1-Ger. 842. 1Matth. 984-Clus. ii. 202. 2-Dod. 137. 1-Lob. Ic. 693. 2; Obs. 396. 2 -Ger. Em. 994. 1-Park. 136. 1-H. Ox. iv. 26, row 2. 1 and 2. Stem somewhat angular, (about two feet high, hairy, upright, branched towards the top, leafy. E.) Leaves winged, hairy, with two pair of leafits; the lower pair circular, jagged and toothed, unequal; the upper pair egg-spear-shaped, jagged and toothed; and a terminal one larger than the rest, frequently cloven into three segments. The first pair Linnæus considers as stipule. Petals yellow, small. Germens hairy. Styles smooth, purple, with a double flexure towards the end. COMMON AVENS. HERB BENNET. Irish: Macul. Welsh: Mabgoll; Llys Bened. E.) Woods and hedges. P. June-Aug.†

(From yeuw, to give out a flavour; from the agreeable aromatic quality of the roots. E.) The roots, gathered in spring, before the stem grows up, and put into ale, give it a pleasant flavour, and prevent its turning sour. Infused in wine they are a good stomachic. Their taste is mildly austere and aromatic, especially when growing in warm dry situations; but, in shady and moist places, they have little virtue. Cows, goats, sheep, and swine eat it. Horses are not fond of it. (Dr. Swediaur strongly recommends the root of this plant gathered early in the spring from a dry soil, as an excellent substitute for the Peruvian Bark, in intermittent ferers. Mat. Med. p. 99. As a febrifuge it was known to Ray, and has been recently brought into notice by Buckhave. Half a drachm or a drachm of the powdered root may be given four times a day. As an indigenous astringent it deserves notice, says the author of Edin. Dispens. E.)

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