J. VARIA. Shoots nearly upright, tiled, pointing two ways: leafits deeply divided.

Dill. 73. 35-Mich. 5. 9.

Shoots short, stiff, brittle; frequently with green or yellowish globules at the end. Fruit-stalks white, shining, five lines long, terminal. Involucrum egg-shaped, with four teeth. Capsules globular, black and shining. Pol. At first creeping, undivided, winged with leaves; when older, rising up somewhat branched, the leaves surrounding the branches. Dill.

(VARIABLE JUNGERMANNIA. Considered by Prof. Hooker as synonymous with J. albicans. E.) Woods and heaths in moist shady places. P. March-April. (J. CILIA'RIS. Stems prostrate, winged: leaves alternate, two-ranked, convex above, irregularly palmate, fringed: sheaths cylindrical, smooth, obtuse. E. Bot. E.)

(Hook. Jung. 65-E. Bot. 2241. E.)-Dill. 69. 3.

(Grows in densely-matted, large, purplish-brown patches. Hook. Stems one to five inches long, irregularly branched in a somewhat pinnate, or bi-pinnate manner: leaves beautifully ciliate as well as the stipules, close and imbricated; reticulation large. Peduncle scarcely twice as long as the calyx, which is obtusely obovate, much contracted at the mouth. Grev. E.)

(CILIATED JUNGERMANNIA. E.) J. ciliaris. Linn. Hook. Sm. J. pulcherrima. Web. Sw. With. E.) On heaths in England and Scotland. Dickson. (Sides of Lochain y Gair. Mr. Brown. (Pentland Hills. Greville. E.) P. March. J. ADUN'CA. Shoots thread-shaped, bent at the ends: leaves expanding, pointing one way: fruit-stalks terminal, short. Dicks. iii. 12.

(Hook. Jung. 4—E. Bot. 2418. E.)—Dicks. 8. 8.

Leaves nerveless, cloven, points acute; three together, or rather pointing in three directions. Griff. (Stems scarcely so thick as a pack-thread, of a bright reddish-brown colour, several inches in length, flexuose. Hook. E.) Shoots trailing, branched. Leaves tiled, but standing open; spearstrap-shaped, channelled, the point a little turned back. Fruit-stalk short, crooked. Sheathing involucrum short, roundish.

(REFLEXED JUNGERMANNIA. J. juniperina. Sw. Hook. E.) On shaded banks in the Highlands of Scotland. Dickson. (Prof. Hooker describes remarkably fine specimens, (almost a foot long,) by a cascade in a glen near the head of Loch Lomond. E.)

J. JULACEA. Shoots cylindrical, upright: leafits tiled on every side: flowers on fruit-stalks: (calyx large in proportion to the size of the plant. Hook. E.)

(Hook. Jung. 2-E. Bot. 1024. E.)-Dill. 73. 38.

Brittle. Fruit-stalk terminal. Neck.

Shoots slender, cylindrical, silky, from half to one inch high; sometimes forked. Leaves so closely compressed as hardly to be observable, which distinguishes it from every other species. Web. Grows in very dense tufts; shoots and branches cylindrical, and silky when fresh. Ďull greyish green, and brittle when

dry. Fructifications rare. Capsules small, red brown. Fruit-stalk short, white, rising out of a toothed involucrum. Dill. Scales of the involucrum cloven, membranous. Leaves when magnified cloven, not unlike those of J. curvifolia. Griff. (Leaves never undivided, as in the figure of E. Bot. Hook. E.) SILVERY ALPINE JUNGERMANNIA. E.) Wet rocks and by the side of rivulets on Cader Idris, Glyder and Snowdon, and the Highland mountains. Mr. Griffith. On rocks on the sides and tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devon. Mr. Newberry. P. Sept.-Oct.

J. CONCINNATA. (Stem erect, branched: leaves very closely imbricated, erect, concave, ovate, obtuse, emarginate: fruit terminal: calyx none. Hook. E.)

(Hook. Jung. 3-E. Bot. 2229-Fl. Dan. 1002. E.)

Grows matted in tufts, reddish brown above, pale green below. Stalks a
quarter of an inch high, very slender, brittle when dry, closely tiled with
leaves, thickest at the ends. Leaves undistinguishable by the naked eye,
smooth, membranous at the edge, always pressed to. Fruit-stalks ter-
minal, short. Capsules brown. Lightf. Shoots compressed, but ob-
scurely four-cornered. Scales of the involucrum, entire, rounded, which
distinguishes it from J. julacea. Griff. (with which it has very gene-
rally been confounded both on the Continent and in Britain. E.)
(MATTED JUNGERMANNIA. E.) Rocks on the Highland mountains fre-
quent. On Snowdon. Mr. Griffith.
Sept.-Oct.
J. RUPES'TRIS. Shoots cylindrical: leafits awl-shaped, pointing one way.
Dicks. H. S.-(E. Bot. 1277. E.)—Dill. 73. 40.
Whole plant very short, being about one-third of the length of a pin,
blackish, upright, seldom branched. Linn. Shoots branched, dark
green. Leafits bent back. Involucrum cylindrical, not tiled as in J. al-
pina. Web.
Grows densely crowded together, short, naked below.
Leaves very slender, reflexed, dark green, blackish when dry, pointing
one way. Involucrum very minute, terminal, reddish, not scaly. Fruit-
stalk very short. Capsules very small. Dill.

(DUSKY ROCK JUNGERMANNIA. E.) On moist rocks on Snowdon and
Glyder, Carnarvonshire; north of England, and Highland mountains.
Plentifully upon rocks on the sides and tops of hills in Dartmoor, Devon.
Mr. Newberry.
P. March-Oct.

J. TRICHOPHYL'LA. (Stem creeping, irregularly branched: leaves imbricated on all sides, here and there fasciculated, setaceous, jointed, patent straight: fruit terminal: calyx oblong, the mouth contracted, ciliated. Hook. E.)

(Hook. Jung. 7—E. Bot. 2252. E.)-Schmid. 42. 1 to 23-Dill. 73. 37. Shoots only a few lines in length, closely surrounded by very slender leafits, of a pale yellow green. Fruit-stalk terminal. Involucrum long, cylindrical, cloven. Weis. When magnified, the leafits appear divided quite down to the base into three or four awl-shaped segments, composed of globular joints. Fruit-stalk half an inch long. Capsules black. Leers. Leaves pale green, extremely slender. Branches numerous, irregular. Dill. (Hooker describes the joints of the leaves as "a little longer than they are broad, and perfectly cylindrical." E.)

(GLOBULAR-JOINTED JUNGERMANNIA. E.) Turfy heaths near North Brierly, Yorkshire. Richardson, in Fl. Ang. 516. (On Craig Calleach and Schehallion, in Breadalbane, Perthshire; and on Ben Luyal, in the north of Sutherland. Dr. Hooker. E.) P. April. J. ALPINA. Shoots cylindrical: leafits egg-shaped, expanding; involu crum tiled.

Dicks. H. S.-(E. Bot. 1278. E.)—Fl. Dan. 1002. 1—Dill. 73. 39. Shoots half to one inch high, crowded together in tufts, branching into short forks. Involucrum terminal. Fruit-stalk seldom found; very short. Web, One to two inches long; cylindrical, not brittle. Invo lucrum scaly, light red, resembling the bud of the Beach tree. Capsule dark red. Dill. (CHOCOLATE ALPINE JUNGERMANNIA. E.) Wet rocks on Snowdon and Glyder, Carnarvonshire, and Bogs on Cader Idris. Dillenius. On the mountains on the north of England. Hudson. And of the Highlands. Lightfoot. On the top of Carnedd Llewelyn. Griffith. P. April-Oct. J. CURVIFOLIA. Shoots creeping, branched, cylindrical: leaves tiled, roundish, taper-pointed, cloven, the segments hooked. Dicks. ii. 15.

(Hook. Jung. 16-E. Bot. 1304. E.)—Dicks. 5. 7.

The points of the leaves next to the involucrum upright. Dicks. (Fruitstalk about half an inch high, whitish and tender. Capsule dark brown, splitting into four acute valves, as in other species. E. Bot. (Colour of leaves and surculi pale green, changing to a fine purple, in those parts which are most exposed. Hook. E.)

CURVE-LEAVED JUNGERMANNIA. (Forming patches of a deep purple colour, and a few inches in diameter. E.) Highlands of Scotland. Many places in the ascent to Crib y Ddeseil from Llanberris. On the summit of Carnedd Llewelyn, also near Llyn Llumbren, Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith.) (May. E.)

J. CINEREA. Shoots creeping, doubly winged above: fruit-stalk from the middle sheath cylindrical: leaves rounded. Dicks. ii. 15.

:

Mich. 6. 18-Dill. 72. 28.

Grows creeping upon other mosses. Shoots short. Leaves round, grey, very small, tiled. If immersed in water and magnified, other secondary leafits may be found underneath these. Dill.

(MINUTE GREY JUNGERMANNIA. E.) Woods. Bagley Wood, near Oxford. Dillenius.

J. PU'MILA. (Stem ascending, nearly simple: leaves elliptical, ovate : fruit terminal: calyx oblong-ovate, acuminate, the mouth contracted, denticulate. Hook. E.)

(Hook. Jung. 17-E. Bot. 2230. E.)-PLATE XVIII. f. 4.

Grows matted together. Shoot simple, about one-eighth of an inch high. Leafits six to eight, circular, entire, tiled, nearly opposite. Sheath toothed. Fruit-stalk terminal, a quarter of an inch long, or more. (PEDUNCULATED JUNGERMANNIA. E.) Communicated by J. Wynne Griffith, Esq. who first discovered it an Cwm Idwell. (Aberdour. Greville. Studley, Yorkshire. Hooker. On mountains near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. E.)

TARGIO'NIA. Calyx of two valves, compressed, containing at bottom a capsule, nearly globular, many-seeded. See vol. 1, p. 370.

T. HYPOPHYLLA. Fructifications solitary: calyx open. Dicks.

E. Bot. 287-Mich. 3, Targionia-Dill. 78. 9-Buxb. 1. 61. 4—Col. Ecphr. 1, p. 331, f. 333.

Not larger than the little finger nail. Green, not pellucid; rough with white rising dots. Leaf heart-spear-shaped, at first green, afterwards dark purple, blackish underneath. Fructification at the end, on the underside, the size of a vetch. Calyx black; opening, containing the fruit covered with a yellowish skin, and filled with a yellowish pulp which rubs to powder between the fingers, and stains them. Col. Ecphr. SINGLE-FRUITED TARGIONIA. Moist heaths and sides of ditches, rare. Near Dawlish, Devonshire. (Near the Tarbet of Cantire, on the confines of Knapdale. Lightfoot. E.) P. March-May.

T. SPHÆROCARPUS. Fructifications crowded together: calyxes perforated at the end. Dicks. 8.

E. Bot. 299-Mich. 3. Sphærocarpos-Dill. 78. 17. Calyx reticulated like the leaf of a Jungermannia. Capsules sessile; brownish when ripe. Dicks. The thick tops of this plant have much the appearance of some of the smaller Mosses, and have, doubtless, on that account been overlooked, but they have a glaucous hue which instantly announces them to the eye accustomed to observe them. Woodw. (CLUSTERED TARGIONIA. E.) Sphærocarpos terrestris. E. Bot. Cloverfields, Heyden and Norwich. Mr. Bryant. Very common on our cloverfields in autumn, on sandy loams with Riccia glauca, the first year of the clover. Mr. Woodward.

MARCHANTIA.† Barr. Fl. Calyx salver-shaped: Anthers numerous, imbedded in its disk.

Fert. Fl. Calyx target-shaped, flowering on the under side: Capsules opening at the top: Seeds fixed to elastic fibres.

For a more particular account of the parts of fructification, see vol. i. p. 351 and 369.

Leaf bluntly lobed: calyx of the fertile flowers

M. POLYMORPHA. mostly ten-cleft.

Schmid. 29. 1 to 30-Hedw. Theor. 24. 127 to 131, fructification-E. Bot. 210-Dill. 76. 6. E. F.-Mich. 1. 1 and 3-Lon. i. 319. 2-Fuchs. 473. (misprinted 476)—Trag. 523—Matth. 1038-Lob. Obs. 646. 1. Ic. ii. 246. 1-Dod. 473. 2—Ger. Em. 1565. 3—Ger. 1376-Matth. a. C. B. 732Gars. 300.

(So named by Micheli in honour of his friend and fellow-labourer in natural history Dr. Cyprian TARGIONI of Florence, whose valuable museum has been highly celebrated. E.) +(Named after M. MARCHANT, a French naturalist; author of some ingenious papers in the Memoirs of the Academy of Sciences. E.)

From three to five inches long, one broad, and irregularly lobed; dark green, shining. Fruit-stalks in the angles of the lobes, one to three inches high. Capsules greenish, dividing into eight or ten segments. On the upper surface we here and there observe certain glass-shaped conical cups, on short pedicles, with a wide and scolloped margin. Weis. which inclose about four little bodies, very finely serrated at the edges. Pol. In figure somewhat resembling an oak leaf; surface reticulated. Dill. (A very elaborate description of the structure of this plant may be seen in Musc. Brit. E.)

(STAR-HEADED MARCHANTIA OF LIVER-GREEN. E.) In wet places both shady and open. On wet shady walks, and on the sides of wells and springs. P. June-Aug.

Var. 2. Plant smaller; not shining.

Dill. 77. 7—Mich. 1 and 2-Lob. Obs. upper right hand fig. Lob. Ic. 246– J. B. iii. 758. 2.

Leaves smaller and shorter than in 1; fine green, not shining, not reticu lated; densely compacted one upon another. Dill,

On the north side of walls, and stones, and in shady areas behind houses. Dill.

Var. 2. Calyx with eight clefts.

Mich. 1. 5.

July-Aug.

M. CRUCIATA. Fertile calyx with four divisions: segments tubular. Dill. 75. 5-Mich. 4. Lunaria-Buxb. i. 62. 2.

Crowded in its growth, sometimes branched, new leaves proceeding from the ends of the old ones, from half to one inch long, pleasant green, not pellucid, nor veined. Calyx with four, and sometimes five divisions. Dill. Fruit-stalk white, tender, brittle; one to two inches high. Stackh. (CROSS-SHAPED MARCHANTIA, E.) Shady courts and garden walks. P. June-Oct.

M. HEMISPHÆRICA. Leaf scolloped: fertile calyx five-cleft: hemispherical.

(E. Bot. 503. E.)—Schmid. 34-Dill. 75. 2—Mich. 2. 2–Fl. Dan. 762— Burb. ii. 5. 1.

Head hemispherical, with five globules underneath. Globules bursting, and pouring out seeds. Linn. Leaf from half to one and a half inch long, concave, edge waved and scolloped; at first simple, cloven when older, and a young one issuing from the end. Fruit-stalks an inch high, brownish, naked. Dill.

(HEMISPHERICAL MARCHANTIA. E.) Sides of rivers and wet ditches, and wet rocks. P. April-May.

M. CONICA. Leaf forked, indented: fertile calyx somewhat egg-shaped, with about five cells underneath.

(E. Bot. 504. E.)-Schmid. 31.-Hedw. Theor. 25. 134 to 136-Mich. 2. 1 —Dill. 75. 1—Vaill. 33. 8—Fl. Dan. 274—Col. Ecphr. 331. 1—Park. 1314. 4.

Leaves pleasant pale green, slippery to the touch, creeping on the ground, dotted on the surface, producing new leaves from the end of the old ones.