C. Capsules on fruit-stalks, leaning. (2) Stems upright. B. STRUMIFERUM. Capsules nearly upright, pear-shaped, toothed: receptacle crooked: leaves strap-spear-shaped, mostly pointing one way. Hedw. Stirp. ii. 32-(E. Bot. 2419-Musc. Brit. xvii. E.) Capsules scored at the mouth, pear-shaped, but crooked, with an irregular knob at the base. Beak bent, fine red at the base. (TUMID THREAD-MOSS. B. strumiferum. Dicks. Fissidens strumifer. Hedw. Hypnum_strumosum. Gmel. (Dicranum strumiferum. Ehrh. Sm. Hook. E.) Boggy meadows in Scotland. Dickson. B. FAL LAX. Capsules oblong, mouth bearded: shoots somewhat branched: leaves strap-spear-shaped, expanding, bent outwards. Dicks. Hedw. Stirp. i. 24—(E. Bot. 1708-Musc. Brit. xii. E.) Different from B. imberbe, which has the leaves strap-awl-shaped and straight, and the beak of the lid conical. Barbula fallax. Hedw. but not his synonyms. Dicks. Full half an inch high. Leaves curled when dry. Lid slender, nearly cylindrical, not quite straight. (Hooker and Taylor do no admit Tortula imberbis to be distinct from the present species. Those authors observe: "we know of no plant of this genus that varies so much in the size of the stems as this; so that the dwarfish individuals, growing in dry fields, would scarcely be believed to be the same as those luxuriant specimens found on the moist banks of rivers. In the former situation, when about half an inch, or somewhat more, in height, it agrees with T. unguiculata. Sm. when an inch and upwards, it becomes T. fallax, and when nearly two or three inches, it is B. Linoides. Dicks." Musc. Brit. (DECEPTIVE THREAD-MOSS. Tortula fallax. Sw. Turn. Sm. Hook. Barbula fallar. Hedw. E.) On walls, banks, and amongst grass. B. CRISPATUM. Capsules fringed, shoots branched: leaves strap-shaped, chanelled, curled. Dicks. 7. 4. The size of B. virens. Shoots upright. Leaves upright, twisted, curled, a little toothed. Calyx slightly contracted in the middle, scored when dry. Dicks. Capsules fringed; fringe very long for the size of the plant. Lid depressed; beak long, slanting. Leaves pellucid, decurrent. Griff. (CRISPED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Bogs in Scotland. On the rocks of Crib y Ddescil, Cwn Idwel, and Clogwyn y Garregog, near Llanberris. Mr. Griffith. B. LONGIFOLIUM. Capsules oblong, toothed: shoots elongated, rather leaning, sometimes branched: leaves hair-like, pointing one way. Dicks. Hedw. Stirp. iii. 9—(Musc. Brit. xvi. E.) An inch high or more, growing shoot upon shoot; delicate, feeble, but upright. Leaves sheathing at the base, very long and slender upwards, rather bent back and pointing one way, Capsules oblong, rather swollen on one side. Lid awl-shaped, slanting, reddish. Veil delicate, pale. (Easily distinguished by its long falcate leaves, furnished with a nerve occupying nearly their whole breadth. Musc. Brit. E.) (LONG-LEAVED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Dicranum longifolium. Hedw. Banks of rivulets in the Highlands of Scotland. Dickson. Also in Ireland, where it was first found under dripping rocks at Glenmalur, Wicklow. Musc. Brit. E.) B. TETRAGO'NUM. Capsules nearly upright, somewhat globular: shoots four-cornered, the younger tendril-like: leaves pressed to, strapawl-shaped. Dicks. ii. 8. Dicks. 4. 9. a. b.-(E. Bot. 1135-Musc. Brit. x. E.) Full-grown shoots upright, with leaves disposed in four rows, blackish, yellowish, green above, sometimes sending out young shoots from the ends; young shoots flexuose, like a climbing plant, reddish. Leaves of the fullgrown shoots very closely tiled, pressed to, upright, strap-shaped, awlshaped towards the end; those of the shoots minute, egg-shaped, few. Capsules upright, somewhat oblique, mouth contracted. Fringe with a ring. Dicks. (The fringe is without doubt simple. The young slender zigzag shoots, figured and so minutely described by Dickson, are only produced when the plant is placed in a moist and somewhat warm situation, almost entirely secluded from light and air, neither are they peculiar to this species, for I have produced them in Mnium purpureum, &c. &c. merely by placing it in such situations as I have described; in all cases where these are produced, I have further remarked that they invariably point in that direction from whence the very small portion of light or air entered, as to the hinge of the botanical box when the experiment was made in it. Br. E.) (FOUR-CORNERED THREAD-MOSS. Grimmia conostoma. Sm. Conostomum boreale. Sw. Hook. Ben Lomond, Scotland. Also on Malghyrdy, Benteskerney, Ben Lawers, Lochain y Gar, and in great abundance on Craig Cailleach; on the bare ground; never found but at alpine heights. Mr. Brown. P. July-Oct. E.) shoots branched; Dicks. B. DAVIESII. Capsules egg-shaped, lopped, toothed: leaves crowded, strap-shaped, curled when dry. Dicks. 7. 6—(E. Bot. 1281—Musc. Brit. xiii. E.) Shoots nearly upright, branched, crowded with leaves. Leaves brown yellow when dry. Fruit-stalks terminating, short. Capsule brown yellow. Fringe, teeth short, bent inwards. Lid with a slender crooked beak. Veil distended, ragged at the bottom. Dicks. (LEAST EXTINGUISHER THREAD-MOSS. Glyphomitrion Daviesii. Brid. Grimmia Daviesii. Turn. Encaclypta Daviesii. E. Bot. Griffithia Daviesii. Br. in Linn. Tr. xii. Discovered by the Rev. Hugh Davies on the mountains of Wales. Rocks at Fairhead, and on the fallen columns of the Giants' Causeway, Ireland. Mr. Brown. E.) B. INCLINATUM. Capsules egg-shaped, leaning: leaves hair-like spreading, sheathing. Dicks. Hedw. Stirp. ii. 27—(E. Bot. 1824—-Musc. Brit. xx. E.) About one inch high, unbranched, upright. Leaves alternate, pointing twọ ways. (RECLINING-HEADED THREAD-MOss. E.) Swartzia inclinata. Hedw. (Didymodon inclinatum. Sw. Hook. Grimmia inclinata. Sm. E.) Turf bogs in Scotland. Dickson. (And north of Ireland. Mr. Brown. Considered by Drs. Taylor and Hooker as an extremely rare species. Mountains of Cunnamara in Ireland. Mr. J. Mackay. On the sands of Barrie, Scotland. Mr. Drummond. Musc. Brit. P. June-Aug. E.) B. RURALE. Capsules cylindrical: lids conical, acute: shoot branched: leaves reflexed, inversely egg-shaped, blunt, hair-pointed. Hedw. Hist. i. 6. 28 to 32-(E. Bot. 2070-Musc. Brit. xii. E.)—Dill. 45. 12—Vaill. 25. 3—H. Ox. xv. 6, row 3. 1, and row 4. 2—Buxb. v. 44. 1. Branched, one or two inches high, stellated at the ends. Leaves numerous, broad-spear-shaped, pointed. Fruit-stalks an inch high, surrounded by an involucrum at the base. Capsules cylindrical; mouth with a long fringe. Lid a long cone. Weis. Grows in dense and elevated tufts. Stems upright, branched, one or two inches high. Leaves crowded, standing open, fine yellowish green when wet, but dull greyish and brownish in dry seasons. Dill. (Among the largest of the Tortula; specimens from Craigcailleach, in Breadalbane, measuring seven or eight inches in length, but always barren. Mr. Lyell has found, growing on the trunks of trees at Rumsay, Hants, a state of this plant (also without fructification), in which the nerves were gemniferous. Musc. Brit. E.) GREAT HAIRY THREAD-MOSS. Tortula ruralis. Sw. Turn. Sm. Hook. Syntrichia ruralis. Brid. Br. Barbula ruralis. Hedw. E.) Roofs both thatched and tiled, walls and trunks of trees. P. Dec.-April.* B. AUDRO'GYNUM. Capsules cylindrical: lids taper-pointed: fruitstalks terminal shoot branched, upright; leaves spear-shaped, rather expanding. (Schmid. 56. 1-E. Bot. 1238-Musc. Brit. xxviii. E.)—Fl. Dan. 229— Happ. ii. Mnium. 5—Dill. 31. 1—Vaill. 29. 6—Mich. 59. 8. H. K. e.— Neck. Meth. 1. 4-H. Ox. xv. 7, row 2. 20. Barren Flowers terminal, globular, on fruit-stalks only half the length of those bearing capsules. From one half to near two inches high, generally branched, nearly upright. Leaves not crowded, short, very narrow, pale green, pointed. Dill. (By some supposed to be nearly allied to B. (Mnium) palustre. E.) (NARROW-LEAVED THREAD-MOSs. Mnium androgynum. Linn. Woods, heaths, and walls, in dense patches. Roots of trees in moist sandy woods, dry shady banks by the sides of heaths. A. March-April. B. UNDULATUM. Capsules nearly upright, oblong: fruit-stalks mostly solitary leaves spear-shaped, keeled, waved, expanding, serrated. Dicks. H. S.-Curt.-Hedw. Stirp. 1. 16—(E. Bot. 1220-Musc. Brit. x. When this Moss extends itself over thatched buildings, the thatch, instead of lasting only about ten years, will endure for an age; Linnæus: (and may probably prove some little security against the liability to accidents from fire, which readers such covering very objectionable. E.) minal, upright, one to two inches high sometimes two together. Capsules oblong, leaning, bent. Lid sharp-pointed, marked a scarlet circle. Weis. Sheathing, involucrum, pyramidal, its top closely embracing the fruit-stalk. Veil cylindrical, splitting one one side. Capsules cylindrical. Lid convex; beak very long. Fringe of thirty-two teeth, single. Hedw. Stem in part buried in the ground. Leaves deep green, thin, pellucid, very finely serrated, soon curling up when the plant is gathered. Dill. (Leaves strongly mid-ribbed, serrated and waved at the edge. It has much of the habit of a Polytrichum. WAVY-LEAVED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Polytrichum undulatum. Hedw. (Sm. Hook. E.) Shady banks, woods about the roots of trees, and heaths. P. Feb.-Aug. B. LINEA'RE. Capsules nearly upright, oblong fringed: shoots upright, unbranched leaves strap-spear-shaped, tiled, but expanding. Dicks. (Musc. Brit. xx.-E. Bot. 1598. E.)—Dicks. iii. 8. 2. In crowded patches. Leaves green, yellow. Fruit-stalk terminal, much thicker upwards. Capsules brown. Fringe long, red. Beak slanting, blunt. (LINEAR THREAD-MOSS. Trichostomum lineare. Sm. Brid. also, according to Musc. Brit. T. rigidulum. Turn. E. Bot. 2178. Didymodon rigidulum. Hedw. Hook. E.) Wet sandy banks in the south of Scotland. Dickson. (Walls and rocks. Not uncommmon in Ireland. Musc. Brit. E.) D. Capsules on fruit-stalks, drooping. (1) Stem none, or very short and unbranched. B. CAR'NEUM. Capsules somewhat globular: leaves alternate, acute. Hedw. Stirp. 1. 20—(E. Bot. 360 – Musc. Brit. xxix. E.)—Dill. 50. 69— Buxb. ii. 2. 5 and 6—Hall. Enum. 4. 6, at p. 118. Hist. 45. 6, at iii. p. 41. Shoots upright, single, or in tufts, dividing into several branches four or five lines long. Leaves half or one line long, half a line broad, not hairy at the end, very entire. Fruit-stalks terminating the shoots and the branches, three or four lines long. Capsules roundish, egg-shaped. Ring none. Lid short, bluntish. Veil smooth, reaching but half-way down. Pol. (FLESH-COLOURED THREAD-MOSs. E.) B. delicatulum. Hedw. Moist banks, pastures: wet drains. Summer. Dill.-March-April. Huds. Var. 2. Capsules green. Branches and fruit-stalks longer. R. Syn. p. 102. (B. TOZERI. Stem short, simple, erect: leaves remote, spreading obovate, entire, cuspidate, margined, loosely reticulated, the nerve vanishing beyond the middle: capsule drooping, somewhat pearshaped. Grev. Scot. Crypt. 285. Plant not more than half an inch in height. Stem naked below, very slender. Leaves not more than six or eight, remote, pale reddish colour; the margin and nerve dark red. Fruit-stalk a quarter of an inch long. Capsule small, dark brown. To the naked eye strongly resembling B. carneum, but under the microscope, the leaves especially are abundantly distinct. MINUTE DIAPHANOUS THREAD-MOSS. Discovered by the Rev. J. S. Tozer on clay banks by the river Dart, Devonshire, four miles above Totness. E.) B. RECURVATUM. Capsules roundish leaves bristle-shaped. Dicks. ii. 7. (Musc. Brit. xv.-E. Bot. 1489. E.)-Hedw. Stirp. 1. 38-Jacq. Misc. ii. 12. Original stem hardly half a line in height; very brittle when dry. Leaves expanding, lower ones spear-shaped. Barren flowers in the bosom of the leaves. Fruit-stalks terminal, at first straight, then arching downwards, becoming straighter again when old and dry. Capsule pearshaped. Lid convex, beak slender, crooked. Fringe single, with sixteen teeth. Veil splitting at the side, bent like the beak of the lid. (RECURVED THREAD-MOSS. B. curvatum. Dicks. Grimmia recurvata. Hedw. Sm. Weissia recurvata. Musc. Brit. Brid. E.) Barren grassy places. Calcareous rocks. Spring-Aut. B. AU'REUM. Capsules pear-shaped lid conical: shoot but little branched: leaves strap-shaped. (E. Bot. 389. E.)- Dill. 50. 60-Hedw. Stirp. 1. 3—Hall. Enum. 4. 7, at p. 118, Hist. 45. 7, at iii. p. 41. In this and in M. crudum, the stem is half as long as the fruit-stalk. Beautifully shining. Leaves of a greenish golden hue. Linn. Forming a firm turf. Distinguishable by its long slender leaves. Fruit-stalks an inch or more in length, terminating, purple shining, issuing from a brownish green involucrum. Stellated shoots with longer leaves. Weis. Fruit-stalks serpentine, pale red to golden yellow. Capsules pear-shaped, green, changing to yellow red. Dill. (GOLDEN THREAD-MOSS. B. aureum. Huds. Schreb. Dicks. Turn. Sm. B. Mnoides. With. B. pyriforme. Musc. Brit. xxviii? E.) Webera pyriformis. Hedw. Mnium pyriforme. Linn. With. Ed. ii. Rocks in Nottingham Park. Berwyn Mountain, in the road between Bala and Llangunnry, and on Snowdon. Mr. Wood. P. March-June, [and July. Mr. Wood.] Var. 2. Capsules egg-cylindrical. H. Ox. xv. 6, f. 20. This plant has the foliage of B. Hypnoides, and the capsules of B. sericeum. The structure, however, of the fringe, accords with the former. It varies much in size, the shoots from half to one inch high, and the fruit-stalks from one to two inches. Specimens from Mr. Griffith, who found it on turbaries about Llyn Aled, Denbighshire; also about Llanberris. Dillenius in Hist. Musc. inadvertently refers the above figure to his own 51. 72, but it is very different from that. B. ARGENTEUM. Capsules egg-shaped: shoots cylindrical, tiled, smooth: leaves egg-spear-shaped, hair-pointed. |