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lopped, leaning a little. Mouth fringed with eight pairs of teeth. Veil oblique. Hedw.

(NARROW-LEAVED GLAND-MOSS. E.) In moist alpine situations in Scotland. Dicks. ii. 3, (On the side of Lochawe, Scotland. Mr. Don. E.) P. S. OVA'TUM. Receptacle inversely egg-shaped: leaves egg-spear-shaped:

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(Hedw. 8. 4. 6—E. Bot. 1590. E.)-Dill. 44. 4—Ray. 3. 2, at p. 128. Leaves broad, shining. Fruit-stalk golden yellow. Dill. A different plant from the S. vasculosum. Linn. to which Hudson improperly referred it. Dicks. II. 2.

(OVATE GLAND-MOSS. E.) Rotten spongy ground, as in the pastures called Emott Moor, Lancashire. Also in Montgomeryshire. Dill. On Ben Nevis. Dickson,

S. MNIOIDES. Receptacle inversely conical: capsule egg-cylindrical: leaves spear-shaped, very entire, ending in a long taper point.

Hedw. Stirp. ii. 11—(Musc. Brit. ix. E.)-Fl. Dan. 192.

Fertile shoots upright, undivided. Barren shoot generally branched. Leaves very entire, ending in a long point. Fruit-stalk upright, terminal, about half an inch long. Capsule upright, egg-shaped. Receptacle an inverted cone. Lid flat, bluntly pointed. Fringe eight pair of teeth, broad, united. Veil slender. Hedw. In the star-bearing shoots the edges of the leaves are sometimes set with hairs. Griff. The capsule is larger than the inversely conical receptacle, but in S. Breweri the receptacle is egg-shaped and larger than the cylindrical capsule. In both, the leaves are with or without hair-like points, but in 8. Breweri the leaves are narrower and the points longer.

(GREEN TAPERING GLAND-MOSS. E.) Mountainous places. Dicks. 1. 2. Near Llyn Idwell, Carnarvonshire. It frequently occurs upon the ejesta of foxes and badgers, which are very numerous about Snowdon. Mr. Griffith.

P.

(Drs. Hooker and Taylor comprehend under the present species, -a. Minus, of a deeper colour and with shorter stems. S. Mnioides. Linn. Hedw. E. Bot. 1539. S. urceolatum. Dicks. E. Bot. 2417.

B. Majus, of a paler colour, and with elongated stems. S. fastigiatum. Dicks. E. Bot. 786. S. purpureum. With. S. Brewerianum. Hedw. ii 38. Dill. 44. 5. E.)

S. TENUE. Capsules inversely conical: leaves egg-oblong, serrulated upwards, awn-pointed.

PLATE XVIII. f. 3-Dicks. 4. 2-(E. Bot. 1133-Musc. Brit. ix. E.) Fertile shoots half an inch high. Leaves concave, inversely egg-shaped, entire, bordered, reticulated, the meshes confluent, keel curved, serrulated, ending abruptly in a serrulated awn-like point. Fruit-stalks one to one and a half inch high, the lower half bright pink, the upper half and the capsule dark purple. Capsule a continuation of the fruit-stalk, inversely conical, a little leaning to one side; teeth sixteen, in pairs. Veil extinguisher-shaped, but blunt, as if lopped. Barren shoots terminated by rosaceous cups; all the leaves spear-shaped, serrulated, ending în fine points; the sides approaching. Griff. (Approaches very

near to S. urceolatum, from which it differs in the habit of its leaves, its slender and almost cylindrical receptacle. Dicks.

SLENDER GLAND-MOSS. Smith was of opinion that S. purpureum, With. Ed. iii. belonged to this species; but Hooker decidedly refers it to S. Mnioides. On Ben Lawers in the Highlands. On cow-dung about Llyn Idwell, Mr. Griffith. E.) P. June-July. (S. LINGULA'TUM. Leaves lingulate, rounded at the top, their nerve disappearing below the summit: capsule obovate: apophysis obconical lid convex, acuminulate.

Hook. Fl. Lond. 192-Musc. Brit. xiv. (except peristome ;)—Dicks. Crypt. t. 10, f. 6-E. Bot. 2095.

Mr. Arnott observes that this plant has each of the sixteen teeth geminate; a character which connects it with the genus Splachnum, and which is not to be found in any other Weissia. Its columella is also that of a Splachnum. But Prof. Hooker states that there are sixteen distinct equidistant teeth; each, indeed, having an evident line, and even a slight furrow down the centre, but it is never split nor perforated. Stems two to four inches and more in length; below generally decumbent, (from the usual current of water,) and simple, with numerous downy radicles, blackish; above erect, branched, deep green. Leaves deeply imbricated, erecto-patent, oblongo-lingulate, very obtuse, entire, somewhat undulated, reticulated with oblong areola, furnished with a nerve of the same colour which disappears below the apex; the lower ones, as if from decay, of a blackish brown colour; uppermost ones deep green. Fruit-stalk flexuose, deep red. TONGUE-LEAVED GLAND-MOSS.

S. lingulatum. Dicks. Sm. Brid. Weissia Splachnoides. Hook. Tayl. This Moss has attracted much attention, both from its rarity, and the difficulty in determining its genus. It was first discovered in Scotland by Mr. Dickson: has since been found on Ben Lawers by Mr. G. Don; on Ben Lomond by Mr. D. Don; and by Prof. Hooker in muddy declivities, in profusion at the foot of Ben Cruachan, between Craigalleach and Meal-greadha, in Aug. affording a spectacle such as few Muscologists have had the opportunity of witnessing. E.)

S. FRELICHIA'NUM. Capsule a club-shaped termination of the fruitstalk leaves battledore-shaped.

Hedw. Stirp. iii. 40.

Leaves folded when dry; with much moisture they lose their colour at the edges, thence attaining a membranous appearance. The nerve or keel does not extend to the extremity of the leaves. Fruit-stalks pale upwards, of a fine pink colour near the base. Capsule a continuation of the fruit-stalk, inversely egg-shaped. I have not observed any teeth. Griff. Plant about an inch high. Leaves of a beautiful green, broadest at the end; mid-rib indistinct, hardly discernible in the lower leaves. Fruit-stalks half an inch long. Receptacle very short, and only to be distinguished from the fruit-stalk and capsule when the latter is ripe. Hedwig says the mouth of the capsule has eight pair of teeth, which always stand upright and never expand, as in the other species. (FRELICHIAN GLAND-MOSS. E.) Specimens sent me by J. W. Griffith, Esq. who first discovered it growing on the eastern side of Snowdon, about one hundred and fifty yards from the summit. P. Autumn.

POLYT RICHUM.*

Capsule with a veil: outer fringe with thirty-two, (or sixty-four incurved teeth; inner, a flat undivided membrane. E.)†

Barr. Fl. a circular bud, on a different plant: terminal. P. COMMU'Ne. Stem simple, proliferous: leaves strap-spear-shaped, serrulated: capsules oblong, four-sided: veils woolly.

(E. Bot. 1197-Musc. Brit. x.-Schmid. 59. E.)-Dill. 54. 1-Happ. i. Polytrich. 1-Mich. 59. 1. I, E, M, O, P, Q, R.—Blackw. 375-Vaill. 23. 8-Ger. 1371. 3-Gars. 129-Fuchs. 629. 1-Trag. 528. 1-J. B. iii. 760. 1-Lon. i. 222. 3-Dod. 475. 2-Ger. Em. 1559, right hand fig. of the 3 lowermost-Barr. 251. 3-Kniph. 12-Trag. 946, the tallest of the figures, rising from a bed of Hypnum sericeum.-Park. 1052, right hand fig. of the two uppermost-Lob. Obs. 645. 2. Ic. ii. 245-Ger. Em. 1559. 2-Ger. 1370. 2-Park. 1307. 3.

Stems several inches high, seldom branched. Leaves near half an inch long, slender, pointed, turning back, finely serrated. Fruit-stalks terminal, solitary, two to four inches long, surrounded by an involucrum at the base. Capsule four-sided; mouth fringed. Veil very hairy, hanging down below the capsule, ragged. Weis. From four to twelve inches high, stiff, straight. Fruit-stalk golden red. Veil tawny. Dill. (COMMON HAIR-MOSS. E.) GREAT GOLDEN MAIDENHAIR, or GoldiLOCKS. Woods and moors in wet boggy places. P. May-June. (This very fine Moss appears to be subject to considerable variation. In Musc. Brit. under var. Attenuatum, "stems three or four inches in height;

(From Toλus, many; and Tpxos, hairs; alluding to the hairiness of the veil, or, as some have imagined, to the setaceous supporters of the capsules. E.)

+ (Greville observes that "the membrane which closes the mouth of Polytrichum is not merely stretched across it, but passes to the base of the outer teeth, and lines them to the · very apex, and thus forms a real membranaceous inner peristome. In P. alpinum the above structure is extremely evident."

("Never was the bountiful provision of Nature more wonderfully evinced, than in tuonishing mankind with bed and bedding in the savage wilderness of Lyckselle Lapland. The Oreat Hair-moss, called by the Laplanders Romsi, grows luxuriantly in their damp forests, and is used for this purpose. They choose the starry-headed plants, out of the tufts of which they cut a surface as large as they please, for a bed and bolster; separating it from the earth beneath and although the shoots are scarcely branched, they are nevertheless so much entangled at the roots, as not to be separated from each other. This mossy covering is very soft and elastic, not growing hard by pressure; and if a similar portion of it be made to serve for a coverlet, nothing can be more warm and comfortable. If it becomes too dry and compressed, its former elasticity is restored by a little moisture. Nature, in providing for the wants of man, has not forgotten to defend the capsule of the Hair-moss from the injury of the weather. It is covered with an umbrella, in the form of a cone, which, as the seeds begin to ripen, loosens from the capsule to which it had before adhered, and at length falls off. The stem which supports the seed-vessel previously recovers its position, and turning the capsule towards the earth, completely empties the seeds as from a pitcher." Wonders of Veg. Kingdom, p. 164. Bears also collect this useful little plant for like purposes, and birds line their nests with it." In Hampshire," says Mr. White, "our foresters make little neat besoms from the stalks, which they call silk-wood. When this Moss is well combed and dressed, and divested of its outer skin, it becomes of a beautiful bright-chesnut colour; and being soft and pliant, is very proper for the dusting of beds, curtains, carpets, hangings, &c. These pretty implements of housewifery are worthy the attention of the brushmakers in town." E.)

leaves shorter, their margins pellucid; capsule obtusely quadrangular; apophysis indistinct;" is included P. attenuatum, E. Bot. 1198, and P. gracile, E. B. 1827. E.)

Vår. 2. Leaves shorter and less flexible. Dill.

(Musc. Brit. x.-E. Bot. 1200. E.)—Dill. 54. 2-Vaill. 23. 6-Fl. Dan. 295—H. Ox. xv. 7. 6 and 8-Lob. Ic. ii. 243. 1-Ger. Em. 1563. 14Park. 1308. 9.

Whole plant smaller than the preceding, except the veil, which is larger and more pyramidal. Stem seldom more than one inch high, seldom branched. Dill. Fertile plant with one single tuft of leaves at the top of the stem, the lower part of which is naked. Receptacle orbicular. Veil single. Lid acutely conical, hanging over the capsule. Barren, about an inch of the stem covered with leaves, and supporting at its top a tiled receptacle, in the hollow of which are the filiform barren organs. Stackh. (P. Juniperinum. Willd. Sm. Hook. We can perceive no other difference between P. strictum, E. Bot. 2435, and P. Juniperinum, than that the former is branched, while the stems of the latter are undivided, and we therefore cordially assent to the opinion of Mr. Turner, who considers them as the same species. Musc. Brit. E.)

On hills, dry or wet.

P. May-June.

Var. 3. Linn. Leaves terminating in hairs. (Musc. Brit. x.—E. Bot. 1199. E.)-Happ. i. Polytr. 2—Dill. 54. 3—Vaill. 23. 7-Buxb. i. 62. 3, a barren plant.

Stems not more than half an inch long, simple, leafless below. Leaves entire at the edges, ending in grey hairs. Fruit-stalks terminal, about one inch long. Weis. Leaves bent inwards a little, not serrated, terminating abruptly in a long whitish hair. Fruit-stalks and their sheathing involucrums purple. Dill. Barren and fertile plants in distinct patches, (P. piliferum. Schreb. Sm. Hook. Purt. E.) Dry woods and sandy barren heaths.

Spring.

P. SUBROTUN'DUM. Shoots simple: leaves strap-spear-shaped, indistinctly serrated upwards: capsules roundish.

Hedw. Stirp. i. 13-Curt. 102-(E. Bot. 1624. E.)-Dill. 55. 6—H. Ox.
xv. 7, row 2. 7-Pet. Mus. f. 22–Vaill. 26. 15, veil wanting.
Veil open, larger than the capsule. Linn. Leaves obscurely serrated.
Capsules roundish, pendent. Hedw. Leaves somewhat slightly serrated
towards the point. Capsules nearly as broad as they are long.
(DWARF ROUND-HEADED HAIR-MOSS. E.) Mnium Polytrichoides. Linn.
P. Polytrichoides. Huds. 470. P. nanum. Hedw. Heaths. Muddy soil
and moist banks.
P. May.
(The authors of Musc. Brit. concur in uniting P. nanum, xi. E. Bot. 1625,
with the present species. E.)

P. ALOIDES. Shoots simple: leaves spear-shaped, rigid, serrated at
the end capsules cylindrical, oblique: veil woolly.
Hedw. Stirp. i. 14-(E. Bot. 1649-Musc. Brit. xi. E.)—Dill. 55. 7—
Buxb. i. 63. 1-Vaill. 29. 11.

Stem near half an inch high, seldom branched. Fruit-stalks growing to the length of an inch, fixed rather below the top of the stem. Capsule cylindrical, upright, but leaning as it becomes older. Veil larger than

the capsule. Weis. Leaves awl-shaped, serrated, opake, reddish near the point, with an appendage somewhat broader than themselves. Capsule contracted beneath the rim, tapering at the base. Griff. Leaves serrulated at the ends and also on the back of the mid-rib. Capsules twice as long as broad.

(DWARF LONG-HEADED HAIR-MOSS. E.) P. nanum. Huds. 470. P. Aloides. Hedw. Heaths. Moist banks and muddy soil.

P. March-July. Var. 3. Leaves strap-shaped, serrated, pellucid, with an appendage of the same width; capsules roundish, not tapering at the bottom. Fertile plants grey green. Barren darker-coloured; they grow in distinct patches. Leaves hair-pointed. Fruit-stalk and veil orange-coloured. Barren flowers tiled, cup-shaped, sessile, terminal, red. Stackh. Ditch banks and road sides about Henllan, Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. Hills in Cornwall, common. Mr. Stackhouse. Spring. (Hooker and Taylor include under this species, as var. a. major. "fruitstalks two inches long; stems usually simple:" P. rubellum, E. Bot. 1939; also as var. ß. "fruitstalks very short; stems branched with inno◄ vations;" P. Dicksoni, E. Bot. 1605. E.)

P. HERCY'NICUM. Shoots rarely branched: leaves spear-shaped, fleshy: capsules urn-shaped, upright: veils with scattered hairs.

Hedw. Stirp. i. 15—(Musc. Brit. x.-E. Bot. 1219. E.) Stem upright, undivided, one inch long. Leaves strap-shaped, keeled, very entire, bowed in, alternate, nearly upright, pointed, naked. Fruit-stalk terminal, solitary, upright, an inch long. Veil conical, pointed, pale. Capsule upright, oblong or cylindrical, the mouth between toothed and fringed. Lid conical, somewhat pointed. Huds. Mouth fringed with thirty-two short teeth, connected at the base. Hedw. Stars or male buds formed of five spoon-shaped pointed leaves. Griff. (Root densely woolly. E. Bot. E.) Capsule urn-cylindrical, rather narrower in the middle.

(INCURVED HAIR-MOSS. E.) Bryum incurvum. Huds. On the mountains of Scotland and Wales. P. June-Oct.

P. ALPI NUM. Shoots very much branched: leaves spear-shaped, toothed: fruit-stalks terminal: capsules egg-shaped.

(Musc. Brit. xi.-E. Bot. 1905. E.)—Dill. 55. 4-Hal. Enum. 3. 6, at p. 109-Hist. 46. 6, at iii. p. 56—Fl. Dan. 296.

Shoots from half to two inches long; very much branched. Leaves slightly toothed. Capsules egg-shaped, leaning when ripe. Lid conical, beaked. Mouth with a ring; fringe fine, short, upright, white. Web. Capsule unequally distended, green, blackish when old. Lid saffron colour, its point white. Dill. From two to three inches high. (The narrow leaves will distinguish this species from P. urnigerum, as the branched and somewhat fastigiate stems will from P. commune. Musc. Brit. E.) (ALPINE HAIR-MOSS. E.) Mountainous heaths in the north of England, and mountains of Wales and Scotland. P. June-Aug.

B. Huds. P. urnigerum, which see.

P. URNI GERUM. Shoots very much branched: leaves spear-shaped, tooth-serrated: fruit-stalks axillary: capsules cylindrical.

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