People, Problems, and Proofs: Essays from Gödel's Lost Letter: 2010

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Springer Science & Business Media, 11 de des. 2013 - 333 pàgines

People, problems, and proofs are the lifeblood of theoretical computer science. Behind the computing devices and applications that have transformed our lives are clever algorithms, and for every worthwhile algorithm there is a problem that it solves and a proof that it works. Before this proof there was an open problem: can one create an efficient algorithm to solve the computational problem? And, finally, behind these questions are the people who are excited about these fundamental issues in our computational world.

In this book the authors draw on their outstanding research and teaching experience to showcase some key people and ideas in the domain of theoretical computer science, particularly in computational complexity and algorithms, and related mathematical topics. They show evidence of the considerable scholarship that supports this young field, and they balance an impressive breadth of topics with the depth necessary to reveal the power and the relevance of the work described.

Beyond this, the authors discuss the sustained effort of their community, revealing much about the culture of their field. A career in theoretical computer science at the top level is a vocation: the work is hard, and in addition to the obvious requirements such as intellect and training, the vignettes in this book demonstrate the importance of human factors such as personality, instinct, creativity, ambition, tenacity, and luck.

The authors' style is characterize

d by personal observations, enthusiasm, and humor, and this book will be a source of inspiration and guidance for graduate students and researchers engaged with or planning careers in theoretical computer science.

 

Continguts

The Claimant the Readers and the Crowd
1
Kenneth Iverson Notation and Thinking
19
Edmund Hillary Proofs and Mountain Climbing
25
Leonardo da Vinci Proofs as Art
29
Michael Atiyah The Role of Proof
35
Subhash Khot Unique Games Conjecture
39
Arno van den Essen An Amazing Conjecture
45
Richard Hamilton Group Efforts
51
Nina Balcan A New Model of Complexity
175
Sam Buss Bounded Logic
179
Anton Klyachko Car Crashes
183
Bernard Chazelle Natural Algorithms
189
Thomas Jech The Axiom of Choice
195
Alfonso Bedoya Definitions Definitions and Definitions
199
Hartley Rogers Complexity Classes
205
Ron Fagin SecondOrder Logic
211

Grigori Perelman A New Clay Problem
56
Eric Allender Solvable Groups
61
Enrico Bombieri On Intuition
65
Fred Hennie Lower Bounds
71
Volker Strassen Amazing Results
75
Adam Smith Dumb Channels
79
Georg Cantor Diagonal Method
83
Raymond Smullyan The Reals Are Uncountable
87
William Tutte Flow Problems
93
Basil Rathbone Writing a Major Result
99
Elwyn Berlekamp Dots and Boxes
105
David Johnson Galactic Algorithms
109
Warren Hirsch Guessing the Truth
113
Shimon Even A Promise Problem
119
Matei David Improving Noam Nisans Generator
123
Ryan Williams A New Lower Bound
127
Joel Seiferas More on the New Lower Bound
129
Victor Klee Big Results
135
George Dantzig Equations Equations and Equations
139
Srinivasa Ramanujan The Role of Amateurs
147
John Rhodes Approaches to Problems
153
John Nash Connections
159
Chee Yap Computing Digits of pi
163
Henri Lebesgue Projections Are Tricky
167
Daniel Lokshtanov Knapsack Problem
215
Albert Einstein Beyond Polynomial Equations
221
Denis Thérien Solvable Groups
227
Andreas Björklund Hamiltonian Cycles
233
David Hilbert The Nullstellensatz
237
John Hopcroft Thinking out of the Box
241
Dick Karp The Polynomial Hierarchy
245
Nick HowgraveGraham and Antoine Joux Attacking the Knapsack Problem
249
Hedy Lamarr The Role of Amateurs
255
Nicolas Courtois The Linearization Method
259
Neal Koblitz Attacks on Cryptosystems
263
Richard Feynman Miracle Numbers
269
Patrick Fischer Programming Turing Machines
275
Roger Apéry Explaining Proofs
281
Ron Rivest Mathematical Gifts
287
Frank Ryan The Quarterback Teaches
293
Leonard Schulman Associativity
297
Paul Seymour Graph Minors
301
Alfred Tarski Lower Bounds on Theories
305
Ken Thompson Playing Chess
311
Virginia Vassilevska Fixing Tournaments
318
Arkadev Chattopadhyay Computing Modulo Composites
325
Charles Bennett Quantum Protocols
329
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Sobre l'autor (2013)

Richard Lipton is the Storey Professor of Computer Science at Georgia Institute of Technology; previously he held faculty positions at Yale University, the University of California at Berkeley, and Princeton University. His research is focused primarily on the theory of computation, where he has made seminal contributions. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, an ACM Fellow, and a Guggenheim Fellow. Kenneth Regan is a professor of computer science at The State University of New York at Buffalo. His research interests include computational complexity. He is an international chess master and an expert on investigating cheating in chess.

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