at Memphis, a magnificent one was dedicated to him, before which stood, his statue seventy feet high.

He was said to forge the armour of the gods, and the thunder of Jupiter. He was the son of Jupiter, the husband of Venus, and the father of Cupid.

661. Vesta was the daughter of Saturn, and the goddess of fire: an altar was raised to her; and virgins, called Vestal Virgins, were employed in maintaining the sacred fire which burned in the temples in honour of the goddess.

Obs. The temple of Vesta at Rome, was supposed to contain, besides the sacred fire, the household gods, which Eneas saved from the destruction of Troy.

662. Apollo, the son of Jupiter and Latona, presided over the fine arts, and was skilled in the practice of music; he is represented with his lyre, and crown of laurel.

Diana, the sister of Apollo, was goddess of chastity, of the chace, and of the woods. She was adored as Luna in heaven, as Diana on earth, and as Hecate in the infernal regions; and was generally attended by Cupid, Hymen, and the Hours.

663. Ceres, the goddess of production and fertility, said to have taught the art of tilling the earth, sowing corn, and making bread: she had a daughter named Proserpine.

664. Mercury, the messenger of the gods, was the inventor of letters, and of the arts and sciences; also the reformer of language, and denominated Hermes, for his eloquence. He is represented with wings fixed to his cap and sandals;

and in his hand, a caduceus or wand, round which, are entwined serpents.

665. There were also numerous other divine personages, who hatl inferior parts assigned them;

as

Saturn, the father of Jupiter, and son of Heaven and Earth. His wife was Rhea, or Cybele.

Pluto, the son of Saturn and Ops, king of the infernal regions, and ruler of the dead; so called from his teaching the rites of burial.

Bacchus, who presided over the grape, and the god of wine.

Hebe, the goddess of youth, &c.

666. The three Graces were daughters of Jupiter, by Eurynome; and the nine Muses, by Mnemosyne. He was also the father of Apollo and Diana, by Latona; and of Mercury, by Maia.Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Ecus, were inexorable judges, who examined the dead.

Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megara, were the gaolers and executioners of Tartarus, or hell, armed with snakes and lighted torches.

Charon, conducted the souls of the dead across the Styx, where they drank the waters of Lethe, or oblivion.

667. The Elysian Fields were the paradise of the good. The Fates were Clotho, who held the distaff; Lacheris, who spun the thread of destiny; and Atropos, who, with his scissors, cut it asunder.

Hercules, or Alcides, the virtuous hero of antiquity, was the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and performed twelve famous labours, among which,

were the killing of the Namæan lion and the cleansing the stable of 3000 oxen of king Augeus in one day, which had not been cleansed for thirty years.

Amphitrite, was the mother of the Nereids, who with syrens and tritons, attended Neptune.

Somnus, was the god of sleep; Morpheus, of dreams; Erebus, of darkness; Nox, the goddess of night; Plutus, the god of riches; and Momus of folly.

668. In the mythology of the northern nations, Odin, or Wodin was the chief divinity.

His exploits and adventures furnish the principle part of their mythological tales. He is supposed to have come from the east ; and is represented as the god of battles, and as killing thousands at a blow.

His palace, called Valhalla, was situated in the city of Midgard, where the souls of heroes who bravely fell in battle enjoying supreme felicity, and spent the day in hunting matches or combats; and at night, assembled in the palace of Valhall, where they feasted on the most delicious. provisions, and solaced themselves with mead, the Scandinavian nectar, out of the skulls of their enemies.

669. Sleepner was the horse of Odin. From Hela, their hell, comes our word hell; and from Sinna, the wife of the evil genius, comes our word Sin.

They had giants also, called Weynar, Farbauter, Bilupher, and Hellunda; and a prophe called Fola, whence comes our word fool.

Their Folaspa, or book of prophecies, contained the history of the world, the fairies, &c.

XXXI. Drawing, Painting, &c.

670. Drawing is that art of polished society, which teaches us to represent and preserve the likenesses of men and things. It is a source of pleasure; because it enables us to familiarize ourselves with the most beautiful and graceful objects; and it is at all times, an agreeable recreation.

It is practised on paper with chalk, black-lead, crayons, Indian ink, and water colours; and on board and canvass, with oil colours.

See Hamilton's Practical Elements of Drawing, with its numerous engravings, as exercises to copy from. 671. In learning to form the hand, the student should begin with circles, ovals, cones, cylinders, and globes; and these latter he should shadow, so as to give the effect of solidity.

He may then proceed to inanimate objects, as flowers, fruits, trees, and houses, giving each its proper light and shade; thence, to animals; and finally, to the human figure, at first naked, and then clothed.

672. To draw a landscape or groupe of figures, a knowledge of perspective is required; and this is nothing more, than the art of representing every object in its proper bearing, and under its proper angle, which angle is always in proportion to the distance of the object from the eye.

Just conceptions should also be formed of light and shade; the foundation of which, is the obvious principle-that the light always proceeds from one point; and, consequently, that all shadows fall one way. The true disposition of light and shade, is called relief.

Obs. To give effect to particular objects, the student must copy the subjects from Hamilton: and after doing this for some time, if he have genius or taste, he will begin to copy nature, and afterwards, contrive for himself, and design originally.

673. The art of drawing in PERSPECTIVE, purposes to represent every object in its proper place and relative size and figure, as it is seen from the spot where the view is taken.

The eye of the draughtsman is suppose to be fixed; and he is to pourtray every object, as though he saw it on a pane of glass, the size of his paper or canvass.

The general principles are not difficult, provided two or three technical terms are well understood.

674. The ground-plane, is the plane or level, on which both the spectator, and the objects that are to be drawn, stand.

The perspective-plane, is a supposed plane standing perpendicularly upon the ground-plane; and on this plane, as on a pane of glass, the images of objects are supposed to be intercepted; so that their perspective appearance, when drawn, is the appearance they would have on this plane. The ground-line, is the line, on which the perspective plane is supposed to rest.

675. The point of sight, is that point in the perspective plane which is nearest or opposite the