scarcely deserving of being commemorated as a var. for it differs only in its more luxuriant growth, depending probably upon soil. The capsule is obcordate, hairy, terminated by a long style.

2. V. serpyllifolia, Linn. (thyme-leaved Speedwell), raceme somewhat spiked many flowered, leaves broadly ovate or elliptical very obtuse nearly entire glabrous, capsules inversely reniform as long as the style. Engl. Bot. t. 1075. Hook. Scot. i. p. 4. Engl. v. i. p. 20.

Fl.

B. alpina; stems prostrate often rooting, racemes short. V. humifusa. Dicks. in Linn. Trans. v. ii. p. 288.

Pastures and road-sides, abundant. 3. On the Highland mountains : and on Snowdon; Mr. Wilson. Cheviots; Mr. Winch. Fl. MayJuly. 24.-The var. e. is a singular and very beautiful one, and is often gathered and mistaken for V. alpina, which it approaches in the rich colour of its flowers.-In both, the stems, and sometimes the leaves, are more or less pubescent.

3. V. alpina, Linn. (alpine Speedwell); racemes corymbose few-flowered, leaves elliptico-ovate serrated, calyx and bracteas ciliated, capsule obovate notched tipped with the very short style. Engl. Bot. t. 484. Hook. Scot. i. p. 4. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 19. Near the summits of the Highland mountains, but rare. Fl. July, Aug. 2.-About 4 inches high, turning black when dry. Best distinguished from all the varieties of V. serpyllifolia by its more upright growth, larger, more acute, and more decidedly serrated leaves, by the fewer, more dense, brighter blue flowers, which are more hairy about the calyx and bracteas, and by the obovate capsule with its very short style.

4. V. saxátilis, Linn. (blue Rock Speedwell); raceme lax few flowered corymbose, leaves elliptical subserrate, stems spreading, capsule ovate its valves bifid. Engl. Bot. t. 1027. Hook. Scot. i. p. 5. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 19.

Growing on perpendicular exposed rocks of Scotland, rare. Ben Lawers, above Loch-na-gat; Mael Greadha, on Craig Calliach and Mael Duncrosk; Mr. Wilson; all in the Breadalbane range. Fl. July. 2.Stems slender, procumbent, woody, much branched. Leaves glabrous, bright green, when dry almost black, but semipellucid, thin, and distinctly veiny. Flowers large, of a most brilliant blue, in corymbs.

5. V. fruticulosa, Linn. (flesh-coloured Speedwell); raceme many flowered subspicate, leaves elliptico-lanceolate subserrated coriaceous, stems ascending woody branched at the base, capsule ovate its valves bifid. Engl. Bot. t. 1028. Hook. Scot. i.p. 5. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 18.

On Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire; Dr. Walker; and upon Ben Lawers; Mr. Brown (Smith in Engl. Flora). Fl. July. 4.-I am not aware that any other Botanist has ever detected this plant truly wild in the British dominions than those just mentioned: nor have I been able to see a native specimen. As a plant, I believe the species to be truly distinct from V. saxatilis, with which, however, it has been confounded by some authors. The stems are more robust and erect than in the preceding species. Leaves rigid, pale green, opaque even when dry, elliptico-lan

ceolate. Racemes more elongated, especially when in fruit. Flowers flesh-coloured in the plant as I have seen it growing in Switzerland and when cultivated in our gardens. Fruit as in V. saxat., obovate, tipped with a style longer than itself; its valves bifid.

** Racemes axillary. (Root perennial.)

6. V. scutelláta, Linn. (Marsh Speedwell); racemes alternate, pedicels divaricated reflexed in fruit, leaves linear somewhat toothed, stem nearly erect. Engl. Bot. t. 782. Hook. Scot. i.

p. 5. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 9.

Wet places and sides of ditches. Fl. July, Aug. 4.-Racemes nearly opposite. Capsule of 2, flattened, orbicular, membranous lobes. Flowers flesh-coloured with darker bluish veins.

7. V. anagállis, Linn. (Water Speedwell); racemes opposite, leaves lanceolate serrated, stem erect. Engl. Bot. t. 781. Hook. Scot. i. p. 6. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 21.

Ditches and watery places; less frequent in Scotland than in England.—Fl. July, August. 2.-Intermediate in appearance, between V. scutell. and V. Beccab. yet abundantly distinct from both. Stems succulent, a foot or more high. Leaves varying somewhat in width. Racemos long, many-flowered. Pedicels short, never reflexed, Flowers bluish or inclining to purple.

8, V. Beccabúnga, Linn. (Brooklime); racemes opposite, leaves elliptical obtuse subserrated glabrous, stem procumbent at the base and rooting. Engl. Bot. t. 635. Hook. Scot. i. p. 6. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 20.

Ditches and watercourses, frequent. Fl. Summer months. 24.Whole plant glabrous and very succulent. Racemes of many bright blue flowers.

9. V. officinális, Linn. (common Speedwell); racemes spicate, leaves broadly ovate serrated rough with pubescence, stem very downy procumbent, capsule obovate deeply notched. Engl. Bot. t. 765. Hook. Scot. i. p. 6. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 22.

6. nearly glabrous. Smith Engl. Fl. v. i. p, 22. V. Allionii. D. Don. MSS. Hook. Scot. v. i. p. 7.

Abundant in woods and pastures, especially in dry situations. e. On the mountains in Scotland and Ireland. Fl. May-July. 2.-A very variable plant, especially in size. Leaves astringent and bitter; hence sometimes used medicinally and made into tea.

10. V. hirsuta, Hopk. (small hairy Speedwell); racemes slender spiked, leaves ovato-lanceolate acute slightly serrated with a few scattered hairs, stem procumbent hairy, capsule obcordate entire. Hopk. Fl. Glott. p. 9. Hook. Scot. i. p. 6. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 22, V. setigera. D. Don, Descr. of Rare Pl. of Scotl. p. 4.

Mr. Wilson finds two singular varieties near Aber waterfall, North Wales: both dwarf, 3-4 inches in length, and both having scattered hairs on the stem and leaves; one has these leaves ovate, acute, rigid, tapering gradually into a short footstalk: the other has them rotundate, thin, and membranaceous, distinctly stalked.

Dry heathy places in Carrick, Ayrshire; Mr. James Smith. Fl. June. 24.-I introduced this with much hesitation into the Flora Scotica. It has all the appearance of a starved plant of V. officinalis, and the flowers are very generally abortive. The fruit certainly differs in wanting the deep notch at the extremity; and the plant remains unaltered, in this respect, for a succession of years in cultivation.

11. V. montána, Linn. (Mountain Speedwell;) racemes lax few-flowered, leaves cordato-ovate petiolate serrated, stem hairy all round, capsule orbicular two-lobed membranous much larger than the calyx. Engl. Bot. t. 766. Hook. Scot. i. p. 6. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 23.

Moist woods, not unfrequent. Fl. May, June. 24.-Stems a foot and more long, weak, trailing. Leaves large, on stalks about equal to them in length. Capsules large, quite flat, and resembling those of a Biscutella, veiny, their edges denticulate and slightly ciliated. It is strange, with such characters, that this should ever be confounded with the following species.

12. V. Chamaedrys, Linn. (Germander Speedwell); racemes elongated many flowered, leaves cordato-ovate sessile incisoserrate, stem bifariously hairy, capsule obcordate shorter than the calyx. Engl. Bot. t. 623. Hook. Scot. i. p. 7. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 23. Woods, pastures and hedge-banks, frequent. Fl. May, June. 4. Stem procumbent, as in the last species, having two opposite hairy lines, and these lines taking different sides above and below each pair of leaves, or decussate. Leaves wrinkled, deeply cut in a subalpine var. found by Mr. Wilson in North Wales. Flowers large, numerous, very bright blue, greeting us at an early season of the year, and hence rendering the plant a general favourite.

*** Flowers axillary, solitary. (Root annual.)

13. V. hederifólia, Linn. (Ivy-leaved Speedwell); leaves all petiolate cordate with from 5-7 large teeth or lobes, segments of the calyx cordate ciliated, capsule of two turgid lobes, stem procumbent. Engl. Bot. t. 784. Hook. Scot. i. p. 7. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 25.

Fields and hedge-banks, common. Fl. April-June. -Stem weak. Leaves rather fleshy, slightly hairy, the upper young leaves alone sessile or nearly so; the terminal tooth or lobe the largest. Peduncles longer than the leaves, recurved when bearing fruit. Caps. of two, rounded, glabrous lobes, each lobe having 2 large, black, transversely wrinkled, oval, gibbous.seeds, which are hollowed on the under side.

14. V. filiformis, Sm. (long-stemmed Speedwell); leaves cordato-ovate inciso-crenate petiolate much shorter than the flowerstalks, segments of the calyx lanceolate ciliated, capsule compressed broadly obcordate reticulated. Sm. in Lin. Trans. v. i. p. 195. Buxb. Cent. i. p. 25. t. 40. f. 1.

Discovered, first by Mr. Borrer growing wild, but very sparingly, at Henfield, Sussex; and, since, near Berwick-upon-Tweed, by Dr. Johnstone. (Mr. Arnott). Fl. Apr. May. O.-Habit of V, hederifolia,

and not unlike very luxuriant specimens of V. agrestis; but differing in its vastly larger size, lanceolate segments to the calyx, and compressed not turgid fruit. The species is not unfrequent on the continent, especially in the southern parts of Europe; but is now first described as of British origin.

15. V. agrestis, Linn. (green procumbent field Speedwell); leaves all petiolate cordato-ovate inciso-serrate as long as the flower stalks, segments of the calyx oblong obtuse, stem procumbent, capsule of 2 turgid keeled lobes, cells about 6-seeded. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 24, Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2603.

Fields and waste places, abundant. Fl. Apr.- Sept.

-Prostrate,

Stems 3-4 inches long, slightly hairy. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Fruit of two round tumid lobes, much smaller than the calyx. Seeds large, cupped.

16. V. polita, Fries, (grey procumbent field Speedwell); leaves all petiolate cordato-ovate inciso-serrate shorter than the flower-stalks, segments of the calyx ovate acute, stem procumbent, capsule of 2 turgid lobes, cells many-seeded. Reich. Iconogr. v. 3. p. 45. t. 246. -V. agrestis. Engl. Bot. t. 783. Hook. Scot. i. p. 7.

Cultivated fields and waste places, often with the preceding. Fl. throughout the summer. O.-Mr. Borrer has well illustrated this and the foregoing, V. agrestis, in the Supplement to Engl. Bot. t. 2603. The two and V. filiformis, and the V. opaca of Fries, (with spathulate segments to the calyx,) border very closely upon each other, and are probably often confounded by Botanists.

17. V. arvénsis, Linn. (Wall Speedwell); leaves cordatoovate serrated the lower ones petiolate the upper or bracteas sessile lanceolate, longer than the flowers which are subspicate, stems ascending. Engl. Bot. t. 734. Hook, Scot. i. p. 7. Engl. Fl. v. i, p. 24.

Fields and walls, plentiful. Fl. in the spring months and in early summer. .-Very different from the last, especially in the inflorescence, which, if the upper leaves be considered bracteas, as they really are (for they differ both in size and shape from the canline ones), is truly racemose or subspicate. The same may be said of the two next species, and some continental ones, especially V. acinifolia,

18. V. triphýllos, Linn. (blunt-fingered Speedwell); leaves broadly ovate incised, lowermost ones petiolate, upper or bracteas sessile digitate, the segments obtuse, flowers subracemose, the pedi cels longer than the bracteas or the calyx. Engl. Bot. t. 26. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 25.

Rare; in sandy fields, about Bury and on the confines of Norfolk and Suffolk. Yorkshire? Mr. Tofield. Fl. Apr. 3-4 inches high, with spreading branches. Flowers a very deep blue, the lowermost often on very long pedicels.

19. V. vérna, Linn. (vernal Speedwell;) leaves inciso-pinnatifid, the upper ones or bracteas lanceolate entire, flowers subraces

mose, pedicels shorter than the calyx. Engl. Bot. t. 25. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 26.

Very rare. Discovered about Bury and Thetford, Suffolk, by Sir John Cullum, Bart. Fl. April. O.-A very small, upright, scarcely branching plant, allied to V. arvensis.

3. PINGUÍCULA. Linn. Butterwort.

Cal. 2-lipped, upper lip of 3, lower of 1, bifid segment. Cor. ringent; spurred. Germen globose. Stigma large, of 2 unequal plates or lobes. Caps. one-celled, with the seeds attached to a central receptacle.-Nat. Ord. LENTIBULARIÆ. Rich.-Name from pinguis, fat; the leaves being thick and greasy to the touch.

1. P. vulgáris, Linn. (common Butterwort), spur subulatocylindrical, as long as the veinless limb of the corolla, whose segments are very unequal rounded even and all entire. Engl. Bot. t. 70. Hook. Scot. i. p. 8. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 28.

Bogs, moist banks, and heaths; most abundant in the North. Fl. June. -Foliage covered with minute raised crystalline points, all radical, fleshy, the margins involute. Scapes single-flowered. Flowers purple, very handsome, drooping; palate covered with white, compactly jointed hairs. Anthers 1-celled, vertical, placed just beneath the large horizontal plate or lobe of the stigma. Style short. Caps. ovate, one-celled, bursting half way into 2 valves. Seeds numerous, oblong, rough. The leaves are said to coagulate milk, whence the English

name.

2. P. grandiflora, Willd. (large-flowered Butterwort); spur notched subulato-cylindrical as long as the veined limb of the corolla, whose segments are very unequal truncated, the middle one of the lower lip notched. Engl. Bot. t. 2184. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 29.

Western part of the county of Cork, in marshy ground; Mr. Drummond. Fl. May. 24.-This plant, apparently as rare upon the continent as in Britain, and perfectly distinct from the P. vulgaris, may be easily cultivated for a succession of years. As in the P. vulgaris, the old leaves die away in winter, and buds or hybernacula are formed, which expand into perfect plants in the spring. Few plants can exhibit a more beautiful appearance, early in spring, than a cluster of P. grandiflora, blossoming under the shelter of a common frame. It is a mass of large deep and rich purple coloured flowers, well contrasted by the pale but bright hue of the leaves.

3. P. lusitánica, Linn. (pale Butterwort); spur cylindrical obtuse decurved shorter than the almost equal limb of the corolla, leaves veiny, and as well as the scape hairy. Engl. Bot. t. 145. Hook. Scot. i. p. 8. Engl. Fl. v. i. p. 28.

Marshy places and wet moors, but mostly confined to the west side of the kingdom. Never, I believe, found on the east side, rarely, if ever, in the interior. Plentiful in the Hebrides and north of Ireland: but most abundant in the extreme north of Scotland, near Cape Wrath, growing among Jungermannia cochleariformis and Arbutus alpina. Fl. June, July. 24-Much smaller than the two last, with very pale purplish yellow flowers; and leaves of a thin, not succulent, texture.