able cut wooden letters or types, Gutenberg made words by arranging the proper letters together; with these words he formed lines; and when a sufficient number of lines was formed, he made a page with them. It was a solemn moment when Gutenberg stood to print for the first time with moveable types beside his printing-press, which was a rude piece of mechanism resembling the common screw-press, with a contrivance for moving the pages of types to and fro either under or from the place of pressure in the printing-press. With a careful hand, nervous from a sense of the importance of the result, he first inked the types, then placed the paper over them, and proceeded to take his first proof-sheet of printed matter from moveable types. With the same care he brought the paper and types under the pressure of the printingpress, and took an impression. This, in those days, was a laborious and difficult operation compared to that which it is now, as there was a difficulty in regulating the pressure, and a risk of injuring the face of the types with such a screw-press, which, though very imperfect and clumsy, was an improvement upon the old screw-press, and had been designed by Gutenberg, and made according to this plan by one Conrad Saspach, a worker in wood and metals in Strasburg. It was with a calm yet bold reliance that, after he had printed the proof-sheet, he took it off the press to examine it. Roughly executed as it necessarily was, it was quite legible, and every letter, every word, was clear and distinct to his eye, though to a modern reader it would appear a very badly-executed, confused-looking specimen of typography. So far Laurence Coster, of Haarlem, in Holland, had done as much as Gutenberg with moveable wooden types, but Gutenberg's proof-sheet was to lead to still better things. To Gutenberg it presented a grander sight than the most costly volume would present to any one in the present day. This insignificant sheet of paper proved to him the triumph of his skill. It was the evidence of the fact that a powerful means for the diffusion of knowledge had come into the world, a source from which should flow streams of light, of power, of pleasure, of instruction. When Gutenberg found that wood was not durable enough for the purpose of printing a large volume, he naturally sought some harder and stronger material than wood. It is now clearly ascertained that Gutenberg's improved types were all separately cut by hand, and that cut metal types were used with which to print his edition of the Bible. Only twenty-six copies of the Bible printed by Gutenberg are known to be in existence. One volume is in the library of the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth, and is said to be probably the first book printed with moveable metal types.—Campbell Overend. SUMMARY.-John Gutenberg was born at Mentz about the year 1400. He was forced to leave Mentz in consequence of taking part in disturbances among the citizens. He went to Strasburg, where he employed himself as a jeweller and clockmaker. A kind of printing had been in use from wooden blocks, but Gutenberg thought of cutting each letter out of a separate small piece of wood, so as to be able to use the letters over again. Gutenberg's types were at first all formed of wood, and cut by the hand. His printing-press was a rude piece of mechanism, yet it was an improvement on the old screw-press, and had been made according to Gutenberg's directions by Conrad Saspach of Strasburg. Gutenberg at first used wooden types, but finding them not sufficiently durable for a large volume, he employed cut metal types instead. With these he printed the Bible. QUESTIONS. When and where was John Gutenberg born? Why did he leave Mentz? Whither did he go; and how did he employ himself? What kind of types did he at first use? Why did he give up using wooden types? What book was first printed with cut metal types? Are any copies of the Bible printed by Gutenberg still in existence? Print, comrades, print! a noble task Is the one we gaily ply; 'Tis ours to tell to all who ask, The wonders of earth and sky. And place the stamp of enduring form On the poet's airy strain. Then let us sing as we nimbly fling A glorious thing is our labouring— Print, comrades, print! the fairest thought The rarest form e'er sculptor wrought Absolutely, Deformed, Degenerate, Colonization, A glorious thing is our labouring— MAN. DISTRIBUTION OF MAN. DERIVATION. Lat., ab, from solvo, to set MEANING. Entirely free from condi- Misshaped; wanting some Become worse as a race, or A settling in a new country Development, Fr., développer; from Lat., de, down, volvo, to roll; literally, an unrolling. Lat., deformis, ugly; from de, down or not, forma, shape or beauty. Lat., de, down; genus, a race or breed. Gr., syn, together; metron, a measure; literally, agreeing together in measurement. Lat., colonia, a settlement of men; from colo, to till. RANGE.-Man is found in every country, and in every climate of the world. He can live in heat that causes spirits of wine to boil, as on the banks of the Senegal; and he can endure a degree of cold that freezes mercury, within the Arctic circle. This arises partly from his power of making clothing suited to the temperature; but perhaps much more from his being able to derive nourishment from every kind of food, and to use what best fits his circumstances. In warm climates he lives chiefly on the lightest kinds of vegetable matter; in the frigid zone, where no food plants can be cultivated, he devours large quantities of animal food, and finds its heating qualities to be just what his system requires. The only regions absolutely denied him are those in which he cannot breathe freely-the tops of the highest mountains, and the depths of the sea. GEOGRAPHICAL CENTRE.-A temperate climate seems most favourable to the development of the human race, and it appears in its greatest perfection of form about the centre of the largest continent; that is, in the regions between the Mediterranean, the Black, and the Caspian seas. Departing from this geographical centre, the types lose their beauty in |