Instrumental Traditions and Theories of Light: The Uses of Instruments in the Optical RevolutionSpringer Science & Business Media, 7 de març 2013 - 213 pàgines An analysis of the optical revolution in the context of early 19th century Britain. Far from merely involving the replacement of one optical theory by another, the revolution also involved substantial changes in instruments and the practices that surrounded them. People's judgements about classification, explanation and evaluation were affected by the way they used such optical instruments as spectroscopes, telescopes, polarisers, photometers, gratings, prisms and apertures. There were two instrumental traditions in this historical period, each of which nurtured a body of practice that exemplified how optical instruments should be operated, and especially how the eye should be used. These traditions functioned just like paradigms, shaping perspectives and even world views. Readership: Scholars and graduate students in the history of science, history of instrument, philosophy of science and science studies. Can also be used as a textbook in graduate courses on 19th century physics. |
Continguts
Comparisons of Explanatory Power | 1 |
The problem of selective absorption | 9 |
1 Brewsters taxonomy | 16 |
1 Fraunhofers spectroscope | 23 |
Classification and the Use of Instruments | 27 |
1 Brewsters plate polarizer and crystal analyzer | 29 |
4 Fresnels procedure for classifying polarization | 36 |
6 Lloyds apparatus for producing external conical refraction | 42 |
1 Newtons apparatus for testing the sine law | 115 |
3 The visual tradition | 124 |
The Geometric Tradition and the Wave Theory of Light | 129 |
1 Numbers of papers presented in Section A of the British | 132 |
4 Stokess apparatus for detecting fluorescence | 139 |
The Visual Tradition and the Closure of the Optical Revolution | 147 |
1 Wheatstones reflecting stereoscope | 149 |
5 Plateaus stroboscope | 155 |
The Dispute over Dispersion | 47 |
2 Comparisons of Powells calculations and Fraunhofers | 52 |
4 Brewsters apparatus for producing prismatic spectra | 58 |
The Discovery of the Polarity of Light | 69 |
5 Powells apparatus for producing the polarity of light | 82 |
The Measurements of the Intensity of Light | 87 |
1 William Herschels apparatus for measuring reflective power | 88 |
4 Comparisons between Potters measurements and Fresnels | 95 |
7 Forbess thermal photometer | 101 |
27 | 103 |
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Frases i termes més freqüents
absorption according achromatic Airy analysis angular aperture apparatus beam Brewster brightness British Association colors conical refraction crown glass crystal dark bands debate degrees determine diffraction diffraction spectra discovery dispersive power distance double refraction Edinburgh experimental explain Figure fluorescence Forbes Fraunhofer Fraunhofer's geometric tradition Herschel hollow prism Humboldtian sciences inches incident instrumental traditions intensity of light interference kaleidoscope Kuhn lens Lloyd MacCullagh mathematical Newton Newton's rings object observations optical experiments optical instruments optical phenomena optical revolution original emphasis particle theory phenomenon Philosophical Magazine photometer photometric measurements physical optics plane polarity of light polarized light Potter Potter's measurements Powell Powell's predictions prism prismatic spectra procedures produced rays reflecting telescope reflection angles reflective power refractive indices refrangibility retardation rival rotating Royal Society screen spectral lines spectrum stereoscope Stokes taxonomic system theodolite theorists theory of light thin plate unpolarized velocity of light visual tradition wave theory wavelengths Wheatstone Wheatstone's Whewell