The first pages of 'N.E.D.,' when printed By John Bunyan, Author of "The Piltwenty years ago, reached me at once in this grims Progress.' London, 1688." In that nook-then an utmost corner of the West-and bit of bibliography there is mention, among I have looked for every succeeding issue with "the Works of Mr. James Janeway," of more eager eyes than they that watch for the "Death Unstung, A Sermon preached at the morning. As soon as the first volume was Funeral of Tho. Moseley an Apothecary.' bound I provided it a shelf in my study, Unram does not appear to be correctly used where it became a ledger, in a sense marked in the quotation which opened this prosobs. in 'N.E.D.'-i.e., a book that lies per-pective consideration of a seemingly unending manently in some place," as the church Bible did from 1538. That shelf shows now five volumes, and yet there is room. So soon as Carnegie sees what "unvalued jewels" words are, he will place 'N.E.D.' in every single one of his legion of libraries, and that with room to lie open. Satisfied that linguistic fragments, if each alone a glowworm, yet in constellations illume the pages of N.E.D.' more than any pictures could, I trust that that unique conglomeration-in no point scarce half made up-will come forth to its last page consummate--a кTμa és ací, because derived from all early sources and exhausting them all. JAMES D. BUTLER. Madison, Wisconsin. DR. MURRAY'S statement "that -un may, when occasion calls, be prefixed to any adjective of quality, to any abstract noun derived from any adjective or participle, to any verb expressing an action that can be undone," wants restriction surely from the standpoint of the living language. Nowadays one can only say dishonest, dishonourable, disorder(ly), displeased, discontented; further, only incapable, inexplicable, infrequent, inglorious, illegible, inimitable, inexplicable, impracticable, improper, improvident, in sanitary, insupportable, invaluable, invariable, involuntary, indignity, injustice. The English language is not so whimsical as it seems in its choice of the prefixes -in and -un: the former is used where either the Latin or French had it already, whereas the latter is added if the formation took place on English soil-e.g., unavoidable, unendurable, uninteresting, unmoved, unjustifiable, unnatural, unpronounceable, unrecognizable, unsuitable, unusual. Exceptions from this ruling principle are very few, such as unjust (though injustice), unintelligible, indestructible. Berlin. G. KRUEGER. Unstung as an adjective or past participle may be found in "A Catalogue of Books Printed for and sold by Dorman Newman, at the Sign of the Kings Arms in the Poultrey," as printed at the end of "The Work of Jesus Christ, as an advocate...... task. To unram a gun ought to mean, not to unload it of what has been rammed into it, but to deprive it of the instrument used for ramming the charge in. E. S. DODGSON. [The quotation MR. DODGSON sends for unwarrant had already been given by him, 9th S. xi. 387.] JEWS AND ETERNAL PUNISHMENT (9th S. x. 229, 334; xi. 153).-In Philip Abraham's Curiosities of Judaism is quoted, as an extract from 'Paroles Remarquables Orientaux,' the story that Jews at Constantinople, disputing with Turks, said that no one would be permitted to enter Paradise but themselves, and to the Turks' question, "Where do you mean to place us? answered, "You will be outside the walls." of use for the imposition of a tent-tax This answer is said to have been made in addition to the ordinary tribute, the Grand Vizier saying, "Since the Jews leave us outside the walls of Paradise, it is quite right that they should provide us with tents, so that we be not exposed to the sun or the rain." eternal evidence of the Jews' estimate of themselves There is no lack of more trustworthy in comparison with Gentiles which this story illustrates. For the hostility towards Gentiles which Jews have undoubtedly entertained, Maimonides seems to have found justification in traditional teaching ascribed to Moses, and he refers to both temporal and consequences to the heathen according as they should observe or neglect the first principles of morality. By the Abbé Fleury (Moeurs des Israélites') Maimonides is quoted as saying, "We are obliged to kill commandments of Noah, if they are in our all the Gentiles who refuse to keep the power," while he is also represented to have declared: "Whosoever engages to keep the commandments of Noah, and is exact in his observance of them, has a right to the rewards of a future state." There is no doubt, I believe, that in his own day the liberality of this learned Jew was less acceptable to his co-religionists than it is at the present time. I find Dr. Hermann Adler (in a sermon printed in 1869), to support his contention that Judaism is not a proselytizing faith, quoting Maimonides as saying that "the sincere and virtuous professors of every religion may hope to enjoy future bliss." While gladly recognizing that some of the rabbis have expressed liberal and kindly sentiments towards Gentiles, ᎳᎾ cannot ignore the too-abundant evidence of narrowness and prejudice. A well-known instance of the application of a contemptuous term to a Gentile will be remembered as confirmation of a saying in the Midrashim that "the nations of the world are likened to dogs." Writers who have made special study of the Jews and their history repeatedly refer to Jewish hostility towards Gentiles and mixed races. One writes that the Gentile had seemed to the Jew "worthy of contempt more often than of any softer feeling (Hosmer's Story of the Jews'). Another concludes that Jewish exclusiveness, justifiable at times, became under the Roman Empire "a hateful and anti-human feature in the life of the race" (Morrison's 'Jews under the Romans'). When reviewing the Mosaic regulations about strangers, Ewald, in his Antiquities of Israel' (Solly's translation), writes: "National antipathy to the Egyptians was formed in the cradle of the community, and was succeeded by the same feeling towards the Canaanites and Philistines; this again, after the days of David and Solomon, by aversion towards the smaller kindred tribes which surrounded them; and, finally, towards the great heathen dominions in the three continents of the old world." Dean Milman, in his 'History of the Jews' (book ix.), when describing the characteristics of the nation after the return from the Babylonian captivity, assigns to this period the commencement of "that unsocial spirit, that hatred towards mankind, and want of humanity to all but their own kindred, with which, notwithstanding the extent to which they carried proselytism to their religion, the Jews are branded by all the Roman writers." Proselytism seems to have been the result rather of the wish of Gentiles to become Jews than of Jews to make converts. According to Lightfoot (Hebrew and Talmudical Exercitations upon the Gospel of St. Matthew '), the evils attendant on proselytism gave rise to the maxim "Proselytes are dangerous to Israel." From the Babylonian Talmud he quotes the saying "Proselytes and Sodomites hinder the coming of Messiah." Rules were properly made for strict inquisition as to the motives of a Gentile in seeking to be recognized as a worshipper of the God of Israel; but the Sanhedrin did not encourage proselytism, and the stricter Jews would never regard the proselyte as on an equality with themselves either as to present privileges or prospects for the future. No ceremonial initiation could obviate the permanent disadvantages entailed by the fact that he was not of the seed of Abraham. There were, however, among the later rabbis those who regarded other than racial characteristics as entitling their possessors to be accepted as of the seed of Abraham. It is said in the Talmud:: "He who possesses these three virtues is of the disciples of our father Abraham, and he who is possessed of the three opposites is of the disciples of the wicked Balaam. The disciples of our father Abraham possess a benevolent eye, an humble spirit, and a contented mind. The disciples of Balaam have an evil eye, a haughty spirit, and a narrow mind." To the question, What is the difference between the one and the other? it was answered : : "The disciples of our father Abraham eat of the fruit of their good works in this world, and inherit Balaam inherit hell, and descend to the pit of the future one; but the disciples of the wicked destruction."-Barclay's 'Selections from the Talmud,' p. 235. Some habits of pagans doubtless called forth many of the rabbinic directions, but into the observance of these directions by the ignorant and ill-conditioned among the Jews might be introduced easily the malevolence expressed by Shylock's words, "I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you." Not less suggestive of animosity are such directions in the Talmud as that which provides that if the ox of an Israelite bruise the ox of a Gentile the Israelite is exempt from paying damages, but should a Gentile's ox bruise an Israelite's the Gentile is bound to make full recompense; or that which provides that if lost property is found in a locality where the majority are Israelites proclamation must be made, but if where Gentiles are the majority the discovery need not be divulged. Even more serious injustice was permitted, for the rabbis prescribed that in order to secure the acquittal of an Israelite involved in a lawsuit with a Gentile adroit pretexts should be used, and that if there were no fear of discovery of deceit recourse should be had to false evidence. (See the references to 'Bava Kama' and 'Bava Metzia in Hershon's Talmudic Miscellany.) Curious stories are told in the Talmud illustrating the various ways in which the rabbis allowed that Gentiles might be cheated. By example, as well as by precept, these teachers inculcated injustice towards the non-Israelite; and self esteem that allows oppression of the innocent would be encouraged by the Jew's daily prayer, in which he thanks God that he was not made a Gentile, or a slave, or a woman. (These benedictions are quoted in notes on Pirqe Aboth,' i. 5, in Taylor's 'Sayings of the Jewish Fathers.') The abominations of idolatry might be referred to as justifying many of the rabbinic restrictions with regard to association with idolaters, use of their belongings, and purchase of their commodities; but something more of the nature of prejudice and animosity, than care not to contract ceremonial defilement, seems to be required for explanation of the language of Juvenal (Sat. xiv. 103) and Tacitus ('Hist.,' v. 5). Questions as to the fate of the heathen after death would naturally be debated by the rabbis; and when we find it to have been determined that the generation of the Deluge, that the Sodomites, that the children of Esau and the children of Ishmael, that even the generation of Hebrews who journeyed through the Wilderness and the Jews of the Dispersion, are to have no portion in the world to come, we are prepared to learn that pagans are excluded from Paradise. What the effects of this exclusion were conceived to be is indicated when it is said that those Israelites and Gentiles who have transgressed with their bodies shall be punished in Gehenna for twelve months, after which "their bodies will be destroyed and their souls consumed, and a wind shall scatter their ashes under the soles of the feet of the righteous." But there are some condemned to Gehenna who are there to be " judged for generations upon generations," and who, when Gehenna itself shall be consumed, "shall not be burned up in the destruction" ('Rosh Hashanah,' quoted by Hershon). in 1820, for in a letter to Mr. Murray, dated from that place on 21 February, 1820, the translator says: "I have finished my translation of the first canto of The Morgante Maggiore' of Pulci, which I will transcribe and send. It is the parent, not only of Whistlecraft, but of all jocose Italian poetry. You must print it side by side with the original Italian, because I wish the reader to judge of the fidelity: it is stanza for stanza, and often line for line, if not word for word." Mr. Murray seems to have suggested some alterations, as Byron, writing again on 23 April, says : "About the Morgante Maggiore,' I won't have a line omitted. It may circulate, or it may not; but all the criticism on earth sha'n't touch a line, unless it be because it is badly translated. Now you say, and I say, and others say, that the translation is a good one; and so it shall go to press as it is. Pulci must answer for his own irreligion: I answer for the translation only." Byron was so satisfied with his translation that on 28 September, 1820, he wrote to Mr. Murray : "The Pulci I am proud of: it is superb; you have It is the best thing I ever no such translation. did in my life." Murray, however, did not see his way to publish the poem, and it at last appeared in the pages of a journal called the Liberal. The complete stanza reads as follows: And with the sword he would have murder'd Gan, Wanted but little to have slain him there; New Southgate. flower of Elizabethan-or rather Jacobean'PASSING BY' (9th S. xi. 489). This fine song, occurs in Thomas Ford's Music of Sundry Kinds,' 1607. The stanza quoted by MR. JOSEPH JONES should run : It is not intended to suggest that Jews of the present day allow such teachings as have been referred to to affect their integrity in There is a lady sweet and kind, transactions they may have with Gentiles, Was never face so pleased my mind; nor has this particular illustration of the I did but see her passing by, subject of inquiry been undertaken because And yet I love her till I die. of sympathy with such feeling as is repre- The song is anonymous. There are seven sented by the twelfth-century Hep. Searchers stanzas, but Mr. Quiller - Couch (in his in the pages of N. & Q.' should find direc-Golden Pomp') gives only four, and Prof. tion to sources of information, and I have Arber (in his 'Shakspeare Anthology') only attempted but a humble contribution to that end. F. JARRATT. QUOTATION FROM BYRON (9th S. xi. 490).-This line forms part of the sixteenth stanza of the first canto of Il Morgante Maggiore,' which Byron translated from the Italian of Pulci. The translation was made at Ravenna five. L. H. MR. JONES will find the poem on p. 31 of A. H. Bullen's 'Lyrics from Elizabethan SongBooks,' 1889 edition, where it is described as being "from Thomas Ford's 'Music of Sundry Kinds,' 1607," and a note says: "Printed in 'The Golden Garland of Princely Delights,' 1620, and other collections." The transcription to which MR. JONES refers is, judging from the first verse as given by him, full of errors. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. Britain and Ireland' (London, 1816, Colburn), appears the following: Costigan, Arthur William, Esquire, formerly Captain in the Irish Brigade in the service of Spain. 'Sketches of Society and Manners in PorPANTON FAMILY (9th S. xi. 447).—In Daniell's tugal,' 2 vols. 8vo, 1788." May it not be excellent 'Catalogue of Engraved Portraits' possible that Thackeray noticed this? Sixty occurs one of Capt. Edward Panton, years had elapsed between the publication "owner of Panton Street, temp. Charles II., of the above author's book and the issue of which he won by gambling, 4to, 1s." I sup-Pendennis,' and no harm would be done pose he is identical with the author of the through the appropriation of the name. At book called 'Speculum Juventutis' named in any rate, it is a coincidence to find that a MRS. PANTON'S query. C. KING. Capt. Costigan did in fact once live. Torquay. While on another quest I have happened on the following particulars of the Panton family. They are necessarily disjointed, but may be of use to MRS. PANTON, and suggest to her further sources of inquiry:John Pantoun, of Pitmeddan, had a grant from James IV. of the lands of Wester Corse, in Aberdeen, on 6 March, 1506/7. Alexander, his son and heir apparent, was witness to a charter in 1511. Isobelle Pantoun was wife of Ranald Udny, of Udny, and had a confirmation of lands in Aberdeen in 1511. Alexander Pantoun, whose wife's name was Marjory Barclay, sold Wester Corse to Thomas Fraser in 1531. Arthur, his son, bought lands in Aberdeen in 1532. Mr. Oliver Pantoun, of Cowhill, was on an assize in 1548. He had a son called Arthur. These are from the Great Seal Register. Alexander Pantoun was on 18 November, 1612, served heir of Henry Pantoun, of Craig, his father. William Pantoun, writer to the Signet, was served heir of James Pantoun, of Blackhouse, Aberdeen, his father, on 26 September, 1688. Henry Pantoune owned Hilton, Aberdeen, in 1693. He married Anna Irvine. These are from the Scots Retours. Panton is probably white town, a hybrid Your correspondent will find pedigrees of this family in Burke's 'Colonial Gentry,' vol. ii. p. 476, and Berry's 'Sussex Genealogies,' p. 371. CHAS. H. CROUCH. 5, Grove Villas, Wanstead. KEYS TO THACKERAY'S NOVELS (8th S. vii. 89, 229; viii. 33).—In 'A Biographical Dictionary of the Living Authors of Great W. B. H. INNS OF CHANCERY (9th S. xi. 448).-Twelve chapters on the Origin and Progress of Barnard's Inn,' by "An Antient of the Society" (Charles Pugh), appeared in 7th S. ii., iii. Peter Cunningham in his Handbook of London' says: 6 64 "THE TEMPLE SHAKESPEARE" (9th S. xi. 407).-Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co., who have adopted the title "The Temple" for many of their publications (e.g., "The Temple Classics," "The Temple Dramatists"), are the publishers of The Temple Shakespeare," of which they say that the text is, by kind permission of Messrs. Macmillan & Co. and W. Aldis Wright, Esq., that of the "Cambridge edition. This has perhaps misled MR. BUTLER into thinking that the two editions are the same. C. C. B. TRAGEDY AT HEPTONSTALL (9th S. xi. 423).— in the church and churchyard of Heptonstall It by no means follows that what took place was of an extraordinarily grave character. In the Middle Ages, when bloodshed had occurred in a church or churchyard, or either had been polluted by certain other wicked acts, or by the burial of some one who had died under sentence of excommunication, or when the greater part of the sacred building had been destroyed by fire or some other terrible catastrophe, reconciliation was required. See Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ,' edit. 1847, vol. iii., Preliminary Dissertation, pp. cxlv - clii. The form of service which was used on these occasions is given in the same volume, pp. 308-17. EDWARD PEACOCK. DE BATHE FAMILY (9th S. vi. 269; viii. 20). -May I again appeal for any information that might connect the De Bathe family with the estate called Bath, in North Tawton, Devon? In Assize Roll 175 (28 Hen. III.), m. 23 d, I find a Walter de Bath surety for Roger Perer in a case about land in Black toriton; and my curiosity has been stimulated by the discovery of a statement in an early eighteenth century (incomplete) copy of Risdon's 'Survey of Devon' (Add. MS. 33,420) that Bindon, in Axemouth, was granted to Roger Weekes (son of Richard Wykes, of Northwyke and Cocktree) "by, Nicholas Banth alias Bath." In the printed work the name is "Bach," as also in Stowe MS. 817, which, however, in certain other entries that I have compared, differs from the printed version where the Add. MS. tallies with it. The letters t and c being often indistinguish able in MSS. of the period, a mistake might easily have been made. In Palmer's 'Index,' vol. ii. p. 20, referring to Close Roll 15 Hen. VII., No. 8, there is the record of a grant to Will Stampford, Richd. Pilford, and others, of land, &c., in Bath, Newlond, Wyke Doune, Hetz Park, &c., Devon. Newland is near to Bath, in North Tawton. ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES. SHEFFIELD FAMILY (9th S. xi. 328). Dr. George W. Marshall, Rouge Croix, in the 'Genealogist's Guide' for 1893, gives under the name Sheffield the following books :Harleian Society, iii. 19. Peck's 'Account of Isle of Axholme,' 82. 1729. A Character of John Sheffield, late Duke of Buckinghamshire, with Pedigree of Sheffield Family, Gentleman's Magazine, lxxx. i. 203; ii. 34, 586, 630. Visitation of Middlesex (Salisbury, 1820, fol.), i. Burke's 'Commoners,' i. 651. Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica,' i. 171; man dictionary, Schrättel and Schretzel still linger in various South German dialects (especially in Bavarian and Swiss), being applied to a hobgoblin or similar superstitious at a loss how to explain its origin ("völlig creature. But the editors confess they are dunkler Herkunft "). I think we may now take it for granted that it is identical with English "Old Scratch," and closely akin to Cech Skritek, as well as to Russian Chort (the author of evil), as clearly shown by MR. MARCHANT and M. Leger. H. KREBS. With regard to the last reference, one gets nearer to Old Scratch" in the O.H. German Serazza, incubi (Steinmeyer and Sievers's Glossensammlung,' 589, vol. i.): this gives modern German Schratz-hobgoblin, which is not obsolete, though marked provine, in Flügel's 'Dictionary.' H. P. L. BOADICEA'S DAUGHTERS (9th S. xi. 449).— The names of these ill-starred women appear to be unchronicled; but there is a legend that the elder became Mrs. Marius by marrying her step-brother. J. DORMER. I served as Mayor of Lostwithiel, 1899-1, and DEPUTY MAYOR (9th S. xi. 489). When as Deputy-Mayor, 1901-2, this point never sidered that, though only acting in the arose. Had it done so, I should have conabsence of the mayor, the deputy would be correctly addressed at any time by the title conferred upon him under the hand of the mayor, and recorded in the minutes of council. This is what occurs, I fancy, in the case of a deputy - lieutenant or a deputyR. BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. Lostwithiel, Cornwall. sheriff. 8th S. iii. 7, 96; vi. 347, 437, 471). — Until THE GROTTO AT MARGATE (2nd S. vi. 527; recently this very remarkable object appears to have been ignored by guide-books. At 8th S. vi. 471 (1894) MR. ARTHUR MONTEFIORE interesting to learn more of its probable furnished a full description, but it would be origin than has yet appeared. The late Mr. Mackenzie Walcott, in a passage twice quoted in your columns, attributed the work to an artisan since emigrated to America; but every Banks's Dormant and Extinct Baronage,' iii. 541. other theory I have been able to find goes The Genealogist, vi. 281. iv. 259. Ord's History of Cleveland, 309. Betham's Baronage,' iii. 249. A. R. BAYLEY. THE AUTHOR AND AVENGER OF EVIL (9th S. ix. 22, 229; x. 35; xi. 35, 455).-It may perhaps deserve to be recorded that the Old and Middle High German folk-word Scrato, Schrat, or diminutive Schretel (faunus, wood-dæmon) has not yet become quite obsolete in German. According to Grimm's great historical Ger back to much earlier times. Beyond one or been written about it, though it must have two magazine articles, little seems to have engaged the attention of many whose opinions would be of weight. W. B. H. THE LIVING DEAD (9th S. xi. 427, 497).— The symptoms described by MR. MARCHANT point to intoxication by Cannabis indica |