horns, goats' legs and feet and furry, original significance, and at the end of pointed ears. Hawthorne has a novel The Marble Faun (q.v.) in which the hero, it is hinted, is a faun. One of the best-known poems of Stephane Mallarmé (1842-1898) is his Apres-midi d'une Faun (Afternoon of a Faun). Fauntleroy, Little Lord. See under Little. Faust. The hero of Marlowe's Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (about 1589) and Goethe's Faust (1790-1833) originated in Dr. Johann Faust, or Faustus, a scoundrelly magician and astrologer, who was born in Wurtemberg and died about 1538. Many tales previously ascribed to other astrologers crystallized about him, he became the popular ideal " of one who sought to sound the depths of this world's knowledge and enjoyment without help from God," and in 1587 he appeared for the first time as the central figure in a book by Johann Spies (published at Frankfort-on-Main), which immediately became popular and was soon translated into English, French, and other languages. Marlowe Treated the legend as a poet, bringing out with all his power the central thought-man in the pride of knowledge turning from God. The voices of his good and evil angel in the ear of Faustus, the one bidding him repent and hope, the other bidding him despair, were devised by Marlowe himself for the better painting of a soul within the toils of Satan. - Morley: English Writers, vol. ix. p. 255. The basis of the legend is that, in return for twenty-four years of further life during which he is to have every pleasure and all knowledge at his command, Faust sells his soul to the devil, and the climax is reached when, at the close of the period, the devil claims him for his own. Mephistopheles (q.v.) is his evil angel, and the supplier of all his - desires. Faust early became a popular character in the German puppet shows. Marlowe, in his tragedy, follows the German legend and gives Faust as a mistress Helena of Troy, whom Mephistopheles conjures up from the other world. Goethe also follows this tradition in the second part of his Faust. In the first part, however, he introduces a distinctly new love element in the tragic story of Gretchen or Margaret (q.v.). This episode is the basis of Berlioz' opera, The Damnation of Faust (1846), Gounod's opera, Faust (1859), and Boito's opera, Mefistofele (1868). In Goethe's masterpiece the old Faust legend is given a philosophic content far beyond its his long quest for knowledge, for pleasure, for power, Faust finds his real satisfaction in reclaiming a great swamp for humanity. The two parts of the drama are markedly different in tone, the latter being much more abstract and symbolic. Part I appeared in 1808, Part II was not finished until 1831, a year before Goethe's death. The Faust legend is also the subject of Festus (q.v.), a dramatic poem by P. J. Bailey (1839) and Faust by Stephen Phillips (1868–1915). The Devil and Dr. Faustus. This story concerns Johann Fust, or Faustus (d. about 1467), one of the pioneers of printing, and is in no way connected with the Faust legend (see above). Fust was one of the earliest printers of Bibles, and is said to have passed off a large number as manuscripts for sixty crowns apiece, the usual price being five hundred crowns. The uniformity of the books, their rapid supply, and their unusual cheapness excited astonishment. Information was laid against him for magic, the brilliant red ink with which his copies were adorned was declared to be his blood; he was charged with dealings with the devil, and condemned to be burnt alive. To save himself, he revealed his secret to the Paris Parlement, and his invention became the admiration of the world. Faux pas (Fr.). A "false step "; a breach of manners or moral conduct. Faversham, Rev. Michael. The hero of Michael and His Lost Angel (q.v.) by H. A. Jones. Favori'ta, La. (The Favorite.) An opera by Donizetti (1842). La Favorita was Leonora de Guzman, favorite of Alfonzo XI of Castile. The time is the year 1340. Ferdinand (Fernando), an idealistic young officer, fell in love with her; and the King, to save himself from excommunication, sanctioned the marriage. But when Ferdinand learned that Leonora was the King's mistress, he rejected the alliance with indignation, and became a monk. Leonora became a novice in the same monastery, saw Ferdinand, obtained his forgiveness, and died. Favorite son. A political candidate who has the cordial support of his own state, but is not well known or highly regarded elsewhere. Fawley, Jude. The hero of Hardy's Jude the Obscure (q.v.). Fay. See Fairy. Morgan le Fay. See Morgan. Feasts. Anniversary days of joy. They are either immovable or movable. The chief immovable feasts in the Christian calendar are the four quarter-days — viz. the Annunciation or Lady Day (March 25th), the Nativity of John the Baptist (June 24th), Michaelmas Day (September 29th), and Christmas Day (December 25th). Others are the Circumcision (January 1st), Epiphany (January 6th), All Saints' (November 1st), All Souls' (November 2nd), and the several Apostles' days. The movable feasts depend upon Easter Sunday. They are Palm Sunday. The Sunday next before Easter Sunday. Good Friday. The Friday next before Easter Sunday. Ash Wednesday. The first day of Lent. Sexagesima Sunday. Sixty days before Easter Sunday. Ascension Day or Holy Thursday. Fortieth day after Easter Sunday. Pentecost or Whit Sunday. The seventh Sunday after Easter Sunday. Feast of Reason. Conversation on and discussion of learned and congenial subjects. There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl Feather. The white feather. See under White. That's a feather in your cap. An honor to you. The allusion is to the very general custom in Asia and among the American Indians of adding a new feather to their head-gear for every enemy slain. He has feathered his nest well. He has made lots of money; has married a rich woman. The allusion is to birds, which line their nests with feathers to make them soft and warm. Featherstone, Mr. A miser in George Eliot's Middlemarch. Feathertop: a Moralized Legend. A well known sketch or tale of Hawthorne's in his Mosses from an Old Manse (Am. 1846). It treats of the bringing to life of a scarecrow who passes for a fine gentleman. The sketch gave Percy Mackaye the basis for his drama, The Scarecrow (q.v.). Fedalma. The heroine of George Eliot's narrative poem, The Spanish Gipsy (q.v.). Fedora. (1) In Balzac's Wild Ass's Skin (Le Peau de Chagrin) (q.v.), a "woman without a heart" on whom Raphael wastes his love, while the magic skin shrinks away. (2) Title and heroine of a tragedy by Sardou (Fr. 1883). Federalist, The. A series of eighty-five papers or essays published in 1787-1788 in defense of the American Constitution. Fifty-one of the series are said to have been written by Alexander Hamilton; the others by Madison and Jay. They are considered the best expression of the political temper of the times. Feeble. Most forcible Feeble. Feeble is a woman's tailor," brought to Sir John Falstaff as a recruit (Shakespeare: 2 Henry IV, iii. 2). He tells Sir John "he will do his good will," and the knight replies, "Well said, courageous Feeble! Thou wilt be as valiant as the wrathful dove, or most magnanimous mouse most forcible Feeble." The phrase is sometimes applied to a writer whose language is very "loud," but whose ideas are very jejune. Feenix. In Dickens' Dombey and Son, nephew of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton (mother of Edith, Mr. Dombey's second wife). Feenix was a very old gentleman, patched up to look as much like a young fop as possible. Cousin Feenix was a man about town forty years ago; but he is still so juvenile in figure and manner that strangers are amazed when they discover latent wrinkles in his lordship's face, and crows' feet in his eyes. But Cousin Feenix getting up at half-past seven, is quite another thing from Cousin Feenix got up. - Dickens: Dombey and Son, xxxi. Feignwell, Colonel. In Mrs. Centlivre's comedy, A Bold Stroke for a Wife, the poseur who wins an heiress by passing himself off as Simon Pure (q.v.). Felic'ian, Father. In Longfellow's poem Evangeline (q.v.) the Catholic priest and schoolmaster of Grand Pré, in Acadia. He accompanied Evangeline in part of her wanderings to find Gabriel, her affianced husband. Felix. In Longfellow's Golden Legend, a monk who listened to the singing of a milk-white bird for a hundred years, which seemed to him "but a single hour,' enchanted was he with the song. See Hildesheim. so Felix Holt, the Radical. A novel by George Eliot (1866). The action takes place at the time of the Reform Bill, 18321833. The plot, which is somewhat complicated, deals primarily with the affairs of Harold Transome, heir to the Transome estate. Harold horrifies his dominating and conventional-minded mother by running for Parliament as a Radical and in are either immovable or movable. The chief immovable feasts in the Christian calendar are the four quarter-days — viz. the Annunciation or Lady Day (March 25th), the Nativity of John the Baptist (June 24th), Michaelmas Day (September 29th), and Christmas Day (December 25th). Others are the Circumcision (January 1st), Epiphany (January 6th), All Saints' (November 1st), All Souls' (November 2nd), and the several Apostles' days. The movable feasts depend upon Easter Sunday. They are Palm Sunday. The Sunday next before Easter Sunday. Good Friday. The Friday next before Easter Sunday. Ash Wednesday. The first day of Lent. Sexagesima Sunday. Sixty days before Easter Sunday. Ascension Day or Holy Thursday. Fortieth day after Easter Sunday. Pentecost or Whit Sunday. The seventh Sunday after Easter Sunday. Trinity Sunday. The Sunday next after Pentecost. Feast of Reason. Conversation on and discussion of learned and congenial subjects. There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl Feather. The white feather. See under White. That's a feather in your cap. An honor to you. The allusion is to the very general custom in Asia and among the American Indians of adding a new feather to their head-gear for every enemy slain. He has feathered his nest well. He has made lots of money; has married a rich woman. The allusion is to birds, which line their nests with feathers to make them soft and warm. Featherstone, Mr. A miser in George Eliot's Middlemarch. Feathertop: a Moralized Legend. A well known sketch or tale of Hawthorne's in his Mosses from an Old Manse (Am. 1846). It treats of the bringing to life of a scarecrow who passes for a fine gentleman. The sketch gave Percy Mackaye the basis for his drama, The Scarecrow (q.v.). Fedalma. The heroine of George Eliot's narrative poem, The Spanish Gipsy (q.v.). 66 Fedora. (1) In Balzac's Wild Ass's Skin (Le Peau de Chagrin) (q.v.), a woman without a heart" on whom Raphael wastes his love, while the magic skin shrinks away. (2) Title and heroine of a tragedy by Sardou (Fr. 1883). Federalist, The. A series of eighty-five papers or essays published in 1787-1788 in defense of the American Constitution. Fifty-one of the series are said to have been written by Alexander Hamilton; the others by Madison and Jay. They are considered the best expression of the political temper of the times. Feeble. Most forcible Feeble. Feeble is a woman's tailor," brought to Sir John Falstaff as a recruit (Shakespeare: 2 Henry IV, iii. 2). He tells Sir John "he will do his good will," and the knight replies, "Well said, courageous Feeble! Thou wilt be as valiant as the wrathful dove, or most magnanimous mouse most forcible Feeble." The phrase is sometimes applied to a writer whose language is very "loud," but whose ideas are very jejune. Feenix. In Dickens' Dombey and Son, nephew of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton (mother of Edith, Mr. Dombey's second wife). Feenix was a very old gentleman, patched up to look as much like a young fop as possible. Cousin Feenix was a man about town forty years ago; but he is still so juvenile in figure and manner that strangers are amazed when they discover latent wrinkles in his lordship's face, and crows' feet in his eyes. But Cousin Feenix getting up at half-past seven, is quite another thing from Cousin Feenix got up. - Dickens: Dombey and Son, xxxi. Feignwell, Colonel. In Mrs. Centlivre's comedy, A Bold Stroke for a Wife, the poseur who wins an heiress by passing himself off as Simon Pure (q.v.). Felic'ian, Father. In Longfellow's poem Evangeline (q.v.) the Catholic priest and schoolmaster of Grand Pré, in Acadia. He accompanied Evangeline in part of her wanderings to find Gabriel, her affianced husband. Felix. In Longfellow's Golden Legend, a monk who listened to the singing of a milk-white bird for a hundred years, which seemed to him "but a single hour," so enchanted was he with the song. See Hildesheim. Felix Holt, the Radical. A novel by George Eliot (1866). The action takes place at the time of the Reform Bill, 18321833. The plot, which is somewhat complicated, deals primarily with the affairs of Harold Transome, heir to the Transome estate. Harold horrifies his dominating and conventional-minded mother by running for Parliament as a Radical and in this connection meets Felix Holt, a young idealist who is making a living as a watchmaker rather than live on proceeds from patent medicine. Felix becomes greatly interested in Esther Lyon, the step-daughter of a lovable, unworldly. Independent minister; and although the two young people have diametrically opposite views, they fall in love. It is discovered that Esther is the real heir to the Transome estate and Harold an illegitimate son, the father being the attorney Jermyn. Harold offers to give up the estate to Esther and also proposes marriage. In the meantime Felix, in his effort to prevent riots on Election Day, has accidentally killed a man and is on trial. His trouble brings to Esther the realization that she loves Felix; she gives up her claim to the Transome estate, and after his pardon, becomes his wife. See also Holt, Felix, Transome, Mrs. Felixmar'te. The hero of Felixmarte of Hyrcania, a Spanish romance of chivalry by Melchior de Or'teza Caballe'ro de Ubeda (1566). The curate in Don Quixote condemned this work to the flames. Fell, Dr. I do not like thee, Dr. Fell. I do not like thee, Dr. Fell, The reason why I cannot tell; These well-known lines are by the "facetious" Tom Brown (1663-1704), and the person referred to was Dr. Fell, Dean of Christchurch (1625-1686), who expelled him, but said he would remit the sentence if he translated the thirty-third Epigram of Martial: Non amo te, Zabidi, nec possum dicere quare; Hoc tantum possum dicere non amo te. The above is the translation, which is said to have been given impromptu. Felton, Septimus. See Septimus Felton. Feminine ending. An extra,unaccented syllable at the end of an iambic or anapestic line of poetry. It is very common in blank verse. stockings" are Philaminte, the mother of Henriette, who discharges one of her servants because she speaks bad grammar; Armande, sister of Henriette, who advocates platonic love and science; and Bélise, sister of Philaminte, who sides with her in all things, but imagines that every one is in love with her. Henriette, who has no sympathy with these "lofty flights," is in love with Clitandre, but Philaminte wants her to marry Trissotin, a bel esprit. However, the father loses his property through the savant proclivities of his wife, Trissotin retires from the affair, and Clitandre marries Henriette the "perfect" or thorough woman. The comedy is usually known in English translation as The Learned Ladies. Fenella, alias Zarah. In Scott's Peveril of the Peak, daughter of Edward Christian, a pretended deaf-and-dumb elf-like attendant on the Countess of Derby. She has been brought up to believe that her father was Edward's murdered brother William and that to secure vengeance is her "first great duty on earth"; hence the pretence of being a deaf-mute in order to spy upon her supposed enemies. Fenella. falls in love with Julian Peveril and plays the part of Zarah, a "Moorish sorceress " to rescue him from prison. In her hopeless love as in other characteristics, she is akin to Goethe's Mignon (q.v.). Fe'nians. An anti-British secret association of disaffected Irishment formed simultaneously in Ireland by James Stephens and in New York by John O'Mahony in 1857, with the object of overthrowing the domination of England in Ireland, and making Ireland a republic. The word is from the Old Irish Fene, a name of the ancient Irish, confused with Fianna, the semi-mythological warriors. who defended Ireland in the time of Finn. Scott, in his fictitious translation from Ossian in The Antiquary (ch. xxx), uses the term in place of Macpherson's "Fingalians," i.e. the Norse followers of Fionnghal (Fingal): "Do you compare your psalms to the tales of the barearmed Fenians?" These ancient Fenians are represented as warriors of superhuman size, strength, and courage, and became the nucleus of a large cycle of legends. Cp. Clan-na-Gael; Sinn Fein. Fenrir or Fenris. In Scandinavian mythology the wolf of Loki (q.v.), typifying, perhaps, the goading of a guilty conscience. He was the brother of Hel (q.v.), and when he gaped one jaw touched earth and the other heaven. This monster |