New Works announced for Publication.

Thoughts on the Religious State of the Country; with Reasons for preferring Episcopacy. By Rev. CALVIN COLTON.

Summary of Church History and Polity, chiefly from Mosheim and Hooker. By the Rev. J. B. SMITH, D.D.

The Trinities of the Ancients; the Mythology of the First Ages, and the Writings of the Pythagorean School examined, with reference to the Knowledge of the Trinity, ascribed to Plato and other ancient Philosophers. ROBERT MUSHET, Esq.

By

The Hymns of the Primitive Church; now first collected, arranged, and translated. By the Rev. J. CHANDLER, Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

The Roman Catholic Chapel; or, Lindenhurst Parish. By ROSINA M. ZORNLIN.

A work on the Religious Meanings of Symbolical Colours in the Middle Ages.

Confirmation of Maria Monk's Disclosures concerning the Hotel Dieu Nunnery of Montreal. By the Rev. J. J. SLOCUM, of New York. 2nd edit.

Rosamond Culbertson; or a Narrative of the Captivity and Sufferings of an American Female, under the Popish Priests, on the Island of Cuba; with a full Disclosure of their Manners and Customs. With an Introduction and Notes, by S. B. SMITH, late a Priest in in the Church of Rome.

New and Conclusive Natural Demonstrations both of the fact and period of the Mosaic Deluge, and of its having been the only event of the kind that ever occurred upon the earth. By Mr. FAIR

HOLME.

Hymns for young persons, selected by Rev. R. HARVEY, Rector of Hornsey.

Temples, ancient and modern; or, Notes on Church Architecture. By W. BARDWELL, Architect.

Voyages up the Mediterranean and in the Indian Seas, with Memoirs. By the late W. ROBINSON.

A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon language, with explanations in English and Latin, and copious English and Latin Indexes ; the Preface containing Essays on the origin and connexion of the Anglo-Saxon, and the other Germanic tongues. By the Rev. JOSEPH BOSWORTH, LL.D. F.R.S. and S. A.

The French Revolution, a History. By THOMAS CARLYLE.

Mortality: a Poem, with Sonnets and Songs. By T. C. JONES.

Dr. LINDLEY'S second and concluding volume of Ladies' Botany, with Illustrative Plates.

On the Civil War in Spain, and on the Policy of England. By VISCOUNT PALMERSTON.

Horticultural Tour through Germany, Belgium, and France. By Mr. FORBES, Author of "The Gardens and Grounds of Woburn Abbey."

An Historical Account of the UniBy B. D. WALSH, M. A. Fellow of versity of Cambridge, and its Colleges. Trinity College.

The 45th and concluding No. of Count de la Borde's Work on the National Monuments of France.

Finden's and Ryall's Portraits of the Female Aristocracy of Great Britain.

Jeannette Isabelle, a Novel. By the Author of Black Gowns and Red Coats.

ITALIAN LITERATURE.

Signor Mai continues his Collectio Vaticana Scriptorum Veterum, and has almost finished the printing of the Greek text of the Old and New Testament, after the celebrated manuscript of the Vatican. Padre Ungarelli, a learned Orientalist, has collected extensive materials for a publication explaining the hieroglyphics on the obelisks at Rome, according to the method of M. Champollion the younger; he is publishing the Coptic Grammar of M. Rosellini; and the first volume of his Literary History of the Barnabite Congregation has appeared, in which he gives some valuable notices concerning the writers who have made this learned body so illustrious. Padre Secchi has been long working at a Greek Grammar, on a new plan, and is also busy with the Etruscan and Phoenician languages. M. Sarti, Professor of the Greek language to the Roman University, has had the courage to read, copy, and illustrate, all the profane and Christian inscriptions, in Greek and Latin, which cover the walls of the . Vatican Museum. The Abbé Lanci, Professor of Arabic, who has acquired a brilliant reputation in consequence of his illustrations of the monuments of Egypt and Phoenicia, and his work on the interpretation of some of the passages of Holy Writ, continues his biblical illustrations: and M. Sebastiani has given two new translations of the New Testament, in Latin and Persian, according to the Greek text.

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

May 6. The fourteenth anniversary was held, the Right Hon. C. W. Williams Wynn, M.P. President, in the chair.

The Secretary read the Annual Report of the Council. After adverting to the death of Mr. Colebrooke, the late Director, as well as to the demise of other members, it stated that the number of members who had joined the Society exceeded the usual average, and comprised seventeen gentlemen, natives of India-affording a gratifying proof of the interest excited among the latter in the success of the Society. The Committee of Agriculture and Commerce, announced at the last anniversary as about to be set on foot, is now in operation; the Oriental Translation Fund continues to receive effectual support, and a list of its recent publications was read, as well as of those in progress. The total receipts of the So.. ciety during the year 1836, had been 1,8201. 15s. 4d.expenditure 1,3107. 11s. 8d.

Sir A. Johnston, as chairman of the Committee of Correspondence, detailed the various subjects on which the attention of that Committee had been engaged. He particularly alluded to the desirability of our possessing accurate information on the geography and even topography of that part of the East through which Russia must pass her forces, should it ever be her policy to aim a blow at our Indian possessions. He then alluded to the beneficial effects likely to be produced by the permission now given to Europeans to settle in India, tending, as it would undoubtedly do, to the raising of the condition of the natives to the level of Euro

pean civilization. After adverting to the steps the Committee had taken to obtain records of the early history of India, and its present statistics, Sir Alexander alluded to the ancient College of Madura, and expressed his hope that learning would one day again take up its residence there. After touching upon several other subjects and occurrences, he concluded by expressing his conviction that the exertions of the Society would have a great moral effect upon the natives of India and of the East in general.

The Right Hon. the President then addressed the meeting. He passed a high eulogium on the labours of the Oriental Translation Committee, and alluded also to the suspension of the printing of Oriental works at Calcutta at the expense of government, which he considered an impolitic measure, inasmuch as we could not arrive at an accurate knowledge of the manners, habits, and customs of the people of India, without cultivating an acquaintance with their native languages GENT. MAG. VOL. VII.

and literature. He was glad, however, to find that the works in progress were to be completed; and that it now rested with the Governor-General of India to decide whether the encouragement formerly given to Oriental studies in that country should be resumed.

A ballot took place for eight new members of Council, and for a Director and Librarian-the former office having become vacant by the death of Mr. Colebrooke, and the latter by the resignation of Sir G. Haughton. Professor Wilson was elected Director; Colonel W. Franklin, Librarian; and the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone, the Right Hon. H. Ellis, Sir G. C. Haughton, Colonel J. Briggs, J. F. Davis, esq. C. Elliott, esq. W. Newnham, esq. and W. Oliver, esq. were elected into the Council.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE.

March 9. The Rev. Dr. Spry in the chair.--Mr. Hamilton completed the reading of his extract from Dr. Kugler's Essay on the Polychromy of Greek architecture and sculpture. The writer described the traces of painting, gilding, and similar decorations, discovered on the following ancient edifices:-the temple of Theseus, the Parthenon, the temple of Apollo at Bassæ, the temple of Minerva at Ægina, the central peripteral temple on the Acropolis of Selinus, &c. The remainder of the extract contained a view of the principles of Polychromy. The leading principle was considered by the author to have been the simple distinction of parts, as contradistinguished from a complete system of imitation. The naked parts of the body, being the essential portions of the figure, were represented in a material calculated to exhibit perfectly the distinctions and developement of the form; the drapery, on the contrary, being regarded as an accidental addition, was distinguished by the lightness and richness of the material. In the same light was the hair likewise regarded; while the eye, the focus of intelligence, as not capable of being represented by form alone, was also coloured, or made of a coloured stone or other substance : we, notwithstanding, find among the best productions of Greek art, no evidence of any attempt to give a complete imitation of nature. It was only after sculpture had begun to degenerate that such attempts were allowed, and then only in smaller works. The above principle the writer concluded by vindicating,-first, against the opinions of those who see in the use of colour at all in sculpture, merely a relic of traditional barbarism; secondly, against those who advocate a complete system of colouring to imitate nature in every part; asserting, 2 M

in contradiction to both, the excellence of that spirit of moderation in all things, which prevailed in the arts of Greece, and is clearly discoverable in this instance.

April 13. Lord Bexley, V.P. in the chair.-Mr. Hamilton read some extracts from the correspondence of his son W. J. Hamilton, esq. containing further details of his geographical and antiquarian researches along the western coast of Asia Minor. In this part he described his visit to the ruins of Erythræ and to those of Teos; at each of which places several inedited inscriptions and remains of ancient buildings and sculpture, hitherto unnoticed, have been discovered. Additional facts were also adduced, serving to ascertain the site of the great temple of Diana at Ephesus, and that of the tomb of Mausolus of Halicarnassus; and various remains of Cyclopean and Hellenic walls have been traced throughout a considerable part of the shores of the Gulf of Syme as well as in the island of Rhodes, including the substructions of the great temple of Jupiter, upon Mount Atabyrius, on the western coast of the island.

April 27. The anniversary meeting took place, the Earl of Ripon, President, in the chair. The annual Report of the Council (which included an account of the state of the Society 's funds, an enumeration of papers read during the year, and an announcement of a volume of Transactions, now nearly ready for the press) having been read by the Secretary, the President addressed the meeting. The subject first noticed by his Lordship was the death of the late Bishop of Salisbury, to whose exertions the Society was in a great measure indebted for its existence. The death of the late Rev. Dr. Richards, one of the Vice Presidents, and a munificent friend of the Society, was likewise feelingly adverted to; as was also the death of Sir Francis Freeling, one of the earliest members of the Society.

From these the address passed to more general topics connected with Literature, in particular to the characteristic circumstance of our times, the rapid diffusion of knowledge over the surface of the globe. Beginning with our own country, he traced the current of literary improvement in the other great European countries, in the United States of America, in the British possessions in India and in Persia; the last countries referred to as evincing in a remarkable manner the advance of knowledge in our times, were Turkey, and the Vice-royalty of Egypt. It was stated, that, in the latter country especially, education is liberally encouraged by its ruler.

The following noblemen and gentlemen

were elected offieers, &c. for the ensuing year

President.-The Right Honourable the Earl of Ripon. Vice-Presidents.-The Dukes of Newcastle, Rutland, Sutherland; The Earl of Belmore; Lord Bexley; Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart.; H. Hallam, esq.; W. M. Leake, esq.; L. H. Petit, esq.; the Rev. J. Hume Spry, D.D. Council.-W. Bentham, esq.; the Rev. G. Beresford; R. Blackmore, esq.; the Rev. R. Cattermole, (Secretary); the Rev. H. Clissold, (Librarian); N. Connop, esq.; W. R. Hamilton, esq. (Foreign Secretary): H. Holland, esq; W. Jacob, esq. (Treasurer); G. P. R. James, esq.; D. Pollock, esq.; the Rev. H. Stebbing; Sir M. Tierney, Bart.; the Rev. G. Tomlinson; W. Tooke, esq. M.P.; the Hon. A. Trevor, M.P.

ROYAL INSTITUTION.

May 1. The Anniversary Meeting was held, the Duke of Somerset, President, in the Chair.-The report of the visitors announced that, after a long season of difficulty, the Institution was now placed in that independent station, which, as the most active and popular establishment in the empire, adorned with the celebrity imparted to it by more than one great philosopher, it ought always to have occupied. The whole of the debt had, during the past year, been cancelled, and a ba lance now existed in favour of the Institution. The number of Members admitted during the past year, was greater by ten, than in the preceding; and a corresponding increase had also taken place in the number of subscribers to the lectures. The premises were in a state of substantial repair, and the visitors expressed a hope for the speedy accomplishment of the proposal of giving to the exterior of the building an appearance more in accordance with the importance of the scientific body to which it belongs. The thanks of the meeting were voted to Mr. Faraday, for his devotion and services to the inte. rests of the Institution, and the usual ballot for officers took place.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.

April 11. Mr. Brunel gave an account of the Thames Tunnel. He explained the nature of the former operations of Vazie and Trevethick, by whom a tunnel 5 feet in height, 2 feet 6 inches in breadth at the top, and 3 feet at the bottom, had been carried more than 1000 feet. in 1808, the river broke in upon it, and the work was irretrievably lost. It was from the data furnished by this operation, that his opinion of the practicability of the present undertaking was formed. The

But

present excavation is 38 feet in breadth, and 22 feet in height, and the support which is requisite for the ground, is furnished by the shield. The shield consists of twelve parallel frames ranged side by side, each frame being divided into three cells or partitions, by two floors. Mr. Brunel explained, by reference to drawings, the adjustment of the floors, the contrivances by which each frame was made to derive support from, or assist in supporting its neighbour, as necessity might require; and the manner in which it was advanced. Each frame stands on two legs, and advances, as it were, by short steps; having, for this purpose, an articulation very like that of the human body. The advantage of the system of building by rings, which he had adopted, had been fully demonstrated by the fact of the brickwork having sustained two irruptions, and yet exhibiting no symptoms of rupture. The chasm formed at the last irruption absorbed more than 80,000 cubic feet of clay bags, before the workmen could re-enter the works. The greatest inconvenience under which they laboured, was the want of a drain; they had attempted to make one-but, getting into the stratum of quicksand 50 feet thick, which is at a small depth below them, were obliged to abandon the project. The land springs were a great source of annoyance; many of these were extremely offensive, and produced cutaneous eruptions, and were a great source of annoyance to the workmen. The difficulties of the work are vast, but there could be no doubt, but that in time they would be surmounted; the progress at the present point is necessarily exceedingly slow.

April 18. Mr. Brunel explained those points on which individuals present wished for further information. The increase of the water informs them of what is going on above, and they guard against it accordingly. They had been much troubled by the unusually high tides of the present spring; the change from low to high water is exceedingly trying; in the natural ground it is usually attended with an increase of water, but in the ground made with clay bags, with a diminution. The works had advanced 127 feet since the introduction of the new shield. Some inquiries were made on the means adopted for ventilating the works, and considerable discussion took place on the methods of ventilation by rarefaction and condensation.

A paper was then read, descriptive of a new levelling machine, invented by Mr. Harrison, of Edinburgh. This machine

is to be drawn along by horses, and is intended, by registering the rise and fall of

the roads, and the space passed over, to make at once a section of the country.

April 25. A paper by Mr. Beamish, relating to the Thames Tunnel, was read.

Mr. Trubshaw having presented to the Institution a model of the centre employed by him in constructing the arch of Chester Bridge, being the largest stone arch in the world, considerable discussion took place respecting it.

Mr. Macneil then exhibited the method which he had adopted, of projecting the sections on the survey in Ireland.

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

stated

;

April 29. The anniversary meeting was held at the Museum, in Leicestersquare, the Earl of Derby, President, in the chair. The report of the auditors was read by Mr. Walford. The total receipts of the past year were at 19,1237. 14s. 10d., which included 9,4637. 2s. for admission to the gardens, 5,3261. 5s. for annual subscriptions, and 1,3301. for admission fees. The expenditure during that period was 19,6371, 3s. 6d. including 13,6571. 88. to the gardens, 3,1061. 11s. 5d. to the museum, and 2,7507. to the general establishment. The assets of the society were stated as 1,1007. invested in land, 9,2617. 12s. 7d. capital, funded, and 1,2597. ls. 5d. in cash and the liabilities, 1,3821. 2s. 7d. in debts, and 1,4537. 18s. 6d. for contracts pending. The receipts for admission to the gardens exceed those of the preceding year by upwards of 2,000l. notwithstanding the very unfavourable state of the weather during the greater part of the summer and autumn, which increase was to be attributed to the attraction of the giraffes. On the average of the three last years, the permanent and unavoidable annual expenditure had been upwards of 10,000l.; the average of annual subscriptions having been about 5,2001., exclusive of compositions paid for life. The provision for the remainder of the annual expenditure is chiefly dependent on the garden admissions, the amount of which has varied largely during the last seven years, the highest in 1831 having been 11,4257. 168., and the lowest in 1835 only 7,3437. 6s.; in 1826 they were 9,3631. 2s.

Mr. Yarrell read the report of the council, which stated that 291 fellows had been added during the past year; 33 had been removed; 30 had resigned; and 56 had died. The present number of members was 3,050, with 43 candidates; also 112 corresponding members, 24 foreign, and 10 honorary members. During the past year 263,392 persons have visited the gardens. The total number of specimens