war-whoops of rebellion and blood. Two or three years ago, when occasion served, upon haranguing an Irish mob, on a Sunday, of about fifty thousand of the peasantry, he pointed to them the relics of some Romish ruins, which were in view, and denounced the "Saxon Barbarian," who had demolished their beautiful temples! In the debate on "the Coercion Bill," Mr. O'Connell said, "If England were to go to war, but she dared not to do so, then Ireland (i. e. Romanists) would be her bitterest foe, and join her arms to those of the enemy." With what reason, by the way, should such men be fired at Lord Lyndhurst's designation of them, as

Aliens!" And to what does all this tend? Why, to warn us of that crisis, which the Papacy is secretly essaying to hasten, but which, when the mask is on, they would fondly disguise with tirades about charity, &c. And the "Ambitious Termagant" of Rome, as Dr. Geddes, one of her own Priests, called her, has more than once condescended to admit us to a peep at her cloven foot. Pius VII. in an Official" to the Irish Romish Bishops, in 1816, presumes that Emancipation" will include the restoration of their Bishops to the House of Lords! Also one of the chief political organs of France, "the Gazette de France," of July 16, 1830, triumphantly re-echoes the aspirations of Pius. The Gazette prophesies that "Universal Suffrage, and that the Catholic and Apostolic Church of Rome, shall be established in the three kingdoms, Great Britain, France, and Ireland!" But let us return to Dr. Murray's, Bossuet's, and Mr. O'Connell's views of charity and liberty of conscience. Mr. O'Connell, in one of his last productions, says, "The words Jesuit and Jesuitical are used for the purposes of vituperation; almost every philosophic mind recognizes the truth, that the Jesuits were,

and I trust will long continue to be, amongst the greatest benefactors to literature and religion that the world These Jesuits, in ever produced."h whose moral and literary prowess Mr. O'Connell reposes such implicit reliance, in their usual manner of showing their approbation, published a most splendid edition of all Bossuet's writings: for the Jesuits then, as they now do, almost worshipped Bossuet. Here then have we Dr. Murray, the whole College of Jesuits, and Mr. O'Connell, hobbling after them, holding up Bossuet as a heaven-born model of charity, and as such, able to "defeat surely" all Protestants, and to repel all their calumnious imputations about Romish intolerance, &c. Now every body knows that Bossuet's most triumphant masterpiece, in defence of his Church, is his " Histoire des Variations des Eglises Protestantes." Bossuet, in the above work, actually insists that the "Persecution of Heretics, is a point not to be called in question ;” that "the use of the sword, in matters of religion and conscience, is an undoubted right :" that "there is no illusion more dangerous than to consider a mark of the true toleration as Church;" and that "the Church of Rome is the most intolerant of all Christian sects. It is her holy and inflexible incompatibility, which renders her severe, unconciliating, and odious to all sects separated from her. They desire only to be tolerated by her; but her holy severity FORBIDS SUCH INDUL

GENCE.

" Hide your diminished heads, ye Rhemish and Dens' Theology exhibitions! Veil your faces, ye applanders and vindicators of Bossuet! Oh! that this one fact, with its whole array of circumstances, were well circulated through all Christendom! Now, we ask, did those speculative dogmas end in sound and fury, and nothing else? Nay, nay! Bossuet was a man of

Hist. de Var. Sixième Advertisement.

deeds as well as words. He was one of those incarnate fiends, who contrived to set on foot the appalling massacres of the French Protestants, which once ravaged the fairest provinces of France with the firebrand of devastation, and blighted for ever her moral escutcheons. A highly talented author says upon this subject, "The persecution in France gave Protestants another lesson; it showed them the danger of trusting to those representations of the principles of the Romish Church, which her Ecclesiastics may deem it expedient to make to Protestants, for the purpose of gaining a special object. The atrocious perfidy and dreadful persecution advised by Bossuet himself, were a tremendous commentary on his new and conciliating Exposition of the Catholic Church'."

Nor is Bossuet alone in his views of charity and liberty of conscience. Long since his day, such views have had the infallible sanction of pontifical authority. Pius VII. in a " Circular" to the Cardinals, in 1808, declares that Toleration or Freedom of Conscience, is "contrary to the canons, and to the councils, and to the Catholic Religion."m The present Gregory XVI. in his "Encyclical" for 1833, denounces by name "Liberty of Conscience" as a most pestilential error," and which, adds the Pope, “the unblushing impudence of some has held forth as an advantage to Religion.' Such ex cathedra injunctions are, in the words of the noted Dr. Troy, "immutable Articles of Faith," and therefore upon pain of damnation, ought to be equally on the lips as in the hearts of Dr. Murray and Mr. O'Connell, and fellows.

I think, Sir, that Dr. Murray, in place of falsifying Bossuet and his whole Church, had much better been writing his Pastorals, as he once did in company with Doctors Doyle and Milner, in recommendation of

Hohenloe's miracle-mongering! And I think too, Sir, that Mr. O'Connell had also better been thus ridiculously employed as he likewise once was, in publicly avowing, upon oath, his credence in the same Hohenloe's harlequinry, than in praising Jesuits, and talking of charity! If the heroism of these chivalrous knights had rested satisfied with such Quixotic feats, and had not been plied to poison and rend the social fabric, 1, for one, would not have tried to disturb their dreams; I should have left the canvass and genius of another Hogarth, morally and amusingly, to depict their mummeries and nonsense!

I beg to conclude, in the words of Burnet, "To hear Papists declare against persecutions, and Jesuits cry up liberty of conscience, are, we confess, unusual things; yet there are some degrees of shame, over which when men are once passed, all things become so familiar to them, that they can no more be put out of countenance." Yours, &c. WILLIAM BAILEY.

OF ST. OLAVE, HART STREET, LON-
DON.

Feb. 5, 1642. For releife of poor Irish and English Children to be transported shillings, iiijs. iijd. into New England, foure pounds three

12 Feb. For ye use above mentioned, iiijs. iijd.

Collected ye 9 Sept. 1683, For and towards ye releif of ye French Protestants, ye some of fifty-foure pounds and fourteene shillings, 54l. 148.

Collected ye xxx April, 1686, For and towards the releife of the French Protestants, the some of two hundred five

pounds tenn shillings and nine pence,

2051. 10s. 9d.

Collected ye ij June, 1689, For the releife of ye Irish Protestants, ye some of eighty-six pounds fourteene shill" and tenn pence, 861. 14s. 10d.

1825.

PBp. Burnet's Papers, p. 82.

The Book of the New Moral World, containing the Rational System of Society, &c. By Robert Owen. (Dedicated to the King.)

THE New Moral World is founded on the following principles, data, and declarations, which we shall, without comment, lay before our readers; they must pardon our brevity, for they will see where we were, when we reviewed the work, and from the novelty of our situation excuse errors.

1. By scientific arrangements wealth will superabound beyond the wants and wishes of the human race.

2. Manufactured wealth will be worked up without any disagreeable or urgent labour, by improved mechanical arrangement.

3. No one will be so unwise as to desire to possess individual property. 4. People will no longer live in

crowded cities, as Shoe Lane and Saffron Hill; but in gardens, pleasure grounds, arbours, berceaus, boscages,

&c.

5. Money will not be required; its place will be supplied by good actions and kind feelings; all coin will be

rose-nobles.

6. All people will be classified; according to that classification their work for the public will be selected. The evenings they will have to themselves. Quære. What sort of persons will be selected for editors of reviews? it is a home question.

7. All human laws will be unnecessary.

8.

'Women will be very much improved by a natural system of training.' We beg leave to observe that the Gentleman's Magazine does not give its fiat to this position.

9. All established religion is to be rooted out, as it is the evil genius of the world, the devil of the Christians, the real and sole cause of all lies and hypocrisy.

10. Marriage is to be abolished (v. Sect. xii.), so "that one portion of organized matter may be permitted freely to seek some other portion of organized matter necessary to its best period of existence, thus obliging an instinct which leads the organized

being to unite with those objects which its own nature requires, to fill up a void or satisfy a want, which by its nature it was compelled for some wise end, or necessary purpose, to experience.

"It is in reality, therefore, the greatest crime against nature, to prevent organized beings from uniting with those objects, or other organized beings, with

which nature has created in them a desire to unite.

"It is to secure the performance of this law, that nature rewards, with so much satisfaction and pleasure, the union of those organized beings who often, in despite of man's absurd and artificial arrangements to the contrary, contain between them the pure elements of union, by being the most perfectly formed to unite together, physically, intellectually, and morally. Man then, to be permanently virtuous and happy from birth to death, must implicitly obey the law of his, and of

universal nature!!"

11. Men must cease to believe in God (Sect. xiv.) The error respecting this law of human nature has led man to create a personal Deity, author of all good; and yet there is no proof that such personality exists. There is no practical advantage to be derived from the supposition that the power of the universe is an organized Being, or that it should be personified in any manner whatever. When such opinions are rectified, and other important truths generally promulgated, earth will be changed in consequence, into a terrestrial paradise!'

12. Belief in future punishments bable that this error is destined speedily will cease (Sect. xviii). It is pro

to be removed, and that these terms (of future punishment and reward) will no longer be applied as heretofore. That arrangements for punishing mankind, will soon appear too glaringly absurd and unjust, to be permitted to remain,' &c. &c.

13. The characters that are now called bad, would, under a rational system of society, become the most useful, and often the most delightful members of their circle. They often

possess strong powers of body and mind, too strong to be retained in the course opposite to their nature by existing human contrivances, and they therefore break through them. The time cannot be far distant, when the terms bad and good, relative to man, will have very different signification. The term bad will convey the idea, only that the individuals to whom it is applied, have been most unjustly and ignorantly treated by the society in which they have been trained.'

14. In the mystical language of Scripture, "the spirit appears to war against the flesh;" whereas the simple fact is, that the institutions of society have been formed through ignorance, to oppose one part of human nature to another, when no such opposition ought to have been thought of. The time is approaching, wherein the existing errors will be made evident to the public, and when, in consequence, all past and present characters will be considered a variety of inferior character only. That which is now called a medium, will be known to be a character very inferior to all, and will be made in future from the same average organization.

15. A superior human being, or any one approaching a character deserving the name of rational, has not yet been known among mankind. A man intelligent and consistent in his feelings, thoughts, and actions, does not now exist in even the most civilized parts of the world.

16. Men will know assuredly, and without a shadow of doubt, that truth is nature, and nature God, and God is truth, and truth is God, as so generally expressed by the Mahomedans.

17. When men shall be made wise by acquiring an accurate knowledge of the facts and laws of their nature, and can pursue a lengthened rational train of reasoning founded on them,

him accurately to express and explain the real power, state, and condition of his own mind, and will always speak the truth; his character will be fully known to every one.

18. When truth shall supersede error and falsehood, when by common consent, from correction of the injury produced, men shall abandon falsehood, and speak the language of truth only, then will some conception be acquired of what human nature is, and what are its powers and capacities for improvement and enjoyment.

19. The present irrational arrangements of society will give place to those which are rational. Some will not be trained to force falsehood into the human mind, and be paid extravagantly for so doing, while other parties are prevented from teaching the truth, or severely punished if they make the attempt. (i. e. there will be no Clergy to preach falsehood, but Carlile and Taylor may instruct society in truth. Scholiast.)

20. Thus the five fundamental facts, and the twenty facts and laws of human nature, on which the moral science of man is founded, are in perfect unison with each other.

21. The religions founded under the name of Jewish, Budh, Jehovah, God, or Christ, or Mahomet, or any other, are all composed of human laws, in opposition to nature's eternal laws; and when these laws are analysed, they amount only to three absurdities, three gross impositions on the ignorance and inexperience of mankind, three errors now easily to be detected by the most simple experiment of each individual upon himself. The fundamental doctrines of all these religions are, 1. "Believe in my doctrine, as expounded by my priests from my sacred books. 2. Feel, as these doctrines, thus expounded, direct you to feel. 3. Support my ministers, for their instructing you. If you faithfully perform these three things in my name, say the priests of all these religions, you will have the greatest merit in this world, and an everlasting reward in the next.

"All religions, and all codes of law, are built on the preceding dogmas, and all presuppose the original power in man to believe and to feel as he likes.

"Now the facts and laws of nature

demonstrate that all belief, or mental convictions, and all physical feelings, are instincts of human nature, and form the will. It follows that the three fundamental dogmas of all religions have emanated from ignorance of the organization of man, and of the general laws of nature. Hence the confusion in all human affairs; the inutility of all human laws, and the irrational and miserable condition of all human society."

22. As there will be no religion ("for whence the power which designs, or what its attributes, no man has yet ascertained, and upon this mysterious subject the human mind must of necessity wait until new facts explanatory of the mystery, shall be developed"), so there will be no necessity for different orders of society, divided, as they now are, into fools and knaves. Instead of servants, as kitchen-maids, grooms, helpers, dairymaids, &c., the powers or agencies of nature will be directed to perform all the affairs of life which are unhealthy or disagreeable, which have hitherto been the work of servants or slaves. When the present ascertained powers of science shall be wisely directed, there will be no necessity for any human being to become the servant of another, and to perform that which to them would be disagreeable.

Lastly; the author advances a proposition which has occasioned us some queer and nervous apprehension as to what may be our own fate, when this new system comes into action. It is well known that Sylvanus Urban is no boy; it does not become us to say much of our personal appearance, but we reluctantly own, that we are not quite so tall as might be wished: of a very slight obliquity in the visual organs we say nothing, seeing that Sir W. Scott says such a defect gave an aspect of wisdom to the Duke of Argyle. Owing to a fall from our nurse's arms in infancy, we confess we limp a little with the left leg; and with the exception of a slight stammer when we are talking quickly, we believe that the portrait is exact. Now in the present state of society, we do not call these defects or blemishes; seeing that, though we are not quite so perfect a specimen of an organized being, as Comte d'Orsay or the Life

Our

Guards, yet we manage to pass through the offices of life, and mount our horse without frightening it. But there is a most dark and mysteriously dreadful passage at the close of Mr. Owen's book, which we cannot help fearing may involve ourselves within the scope of its meaning, and which bids us to fear that we shall not be permitted to behold the new Saturnian Age upon earth, or to share in its days of glory. What less, than that we are to be removed by some secret process, which the second great Mr. Burke so successfully practised, in order not to hurt the rising generation by the sight of our fair defects; what less than this is meant, we cannot imagine! readers shall have the whole passage, and we venture to hope that, through their interests, we may be permitted to finish our venerable existence according to the common course of nature. As we seldom move out of our garret in Aldermanbury, except to the printer's, and then are seen only by his little devils, we hope and trust we shall not by our imperfect organization, offer any obstruction to the future perfection of the rising world, or shock by our antiquated appearance the Apollos and Dianas of the next generation. Who could have looked for such a termination to the Gentleman's Magazine? That Sylvanus Urban should be surreptitiously taken off by pitch or poison, because he was not a perfect model of terrestrial beauty (yet being as we have proved, above the average mark, though he cannot vie with the fair editors of Annuals, as could not be expected), and least the little boys and girls of 1850 and 60, as they met him should cry out―That poor man, mamma, is not perfectly organized!' We say, this is a fearful contemplation. What would poor old Mr. Cave have said to this? Why he would have said-Cave Canem. Now comes the blow-now descends the axe, which, cutting down the old trees, is to give vigour to the new. How many of the Fraserians will escape? Mrs. Norton indeed is safe; but we tremble for the Editor of Blackwood!!

"By the wondrous and hitherto mysterious organic construction of man and woman, the adults of the first generation that shall acquire a practical knowledge