THE

AMERICAN JOURNAL

OF

SCIENCE AND ARTS.

CONDUCTED BY

PROFESSORS B. SILLIMAN, B. SILLIMAN, JR.,

AND

JAMES D. DANA,

IN CONNECTION WITH

PROF. ASA GRAY, OF CAMBRIDGE,
PROF. LOUIS AGASSIZ, OF CAMBRIDGE,
DR. WOLCOTT GIBBS, OF NEW YORK.

SECOND SERIES.

VOL. XXXI.-MAY, 1861.

WITH FIVE PLATES AND A MAP.

NEW HAVEN: EDITORS.

1861.

PRINTED BY E. HAYES, QUAPEL ST.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXI.

Page.

1

NUMBER XCI.

ART. I. On the Optical Phenomena presented by the "Silver-

Spring," in Marion County, Florida; by Prof. JOHN LE-

CONTE,

II. On Nobert's Test Plate and the Striæ of Diatoms; by W. S.

SULLIVANT and T. G. WORMLEY,

III. On the Track of an Animal lately found in the Potsdam

121

Formation; by Sir W. E. LOGAN, F.R.S.,

17

IV. Caricography; by Prof. C. DEWEY,

23

V. The motions of Fluids and Solids relative to the Earth's Sur-

face; by W. FERREL,

27

VI. Geographical Notices; by D. C. GILMAN. No. XV,

Arctic Explorations-The Hayes Expedition, 51.-

Hall's Search for the Relics of Franklin's Expedi-

tion, 54.-Capt. Parker Snow's Proposal to Search

for the Franklin Relics, 57.-Heuglin's Search for

Dr. Vogel in Central Africa, 59.-Medical Statistics

of the U. S. Army: Squier's Collection of Original

Documents concerning the Discovery of America, 60.

VII. Researches on the Platinum Metals; by Prof. WOLCOTT

GIBBS, M.D.,

VIII. On a Method of Producing Stereographs by Hand; by

Prof. O. N. RooD, (with an illustration,)

IX. Note on Sources of Error in the Employment of Picric

Acid to detect the Presence of Potash; by M. CAREY LEA,

X. On a Series of New Combinations of Ammonia, Picric Acid

and Metallic Bases; by M. CAREY LEA, .

XI. The Guernsey County (Ohio) Meteorites,-a complete ac-

count of the phenomena attending their fall, with a chemical

analysis of them; by Prof. J. LAWRENCE SMITH, M.D.,

XII. Abstract of a Discussion of the Influence of the Moon on the

Declination of the Magnetic Needle, from the observations

at the Girard College, Philadelphia, between the years 1840

and 1845; by A. D. BACHE, Supt. U. S. Coast Survey, (with

a diagram,)

15

63

Chemistry and Physics.-On the Chemical Analysis of the Solar Atmosphere, KIRCH.

HOFF, 103.-On a New Alkaline Metal, BUNSEN: On the colors of Flames, MERZ,

105.--The Dichroscope, 107.--Dove's Optical Studies': Method of mingling at will

colors produced by absorption or interference: Influence of binocular vision upon the

estimation of the distance of bodies seen by reflexion and refraction, 109.-On the ap-

plication of the Stereoscope to distinguish copies from fac-similes: Electric Light: Im-

provements in the Microscope, M. C. WHITE, 110.--Tolles' Orthoscopic Eye-piece :

Contributions to Analytical Chemistry: Alumina from Lime and Magnesia, 112.-Sep-

aration of Oxyd of Iron from Lime and Magnesia: Separation of Alumina and Iron

from Manganese: Separation of Manganese from Magnesia and Lime: Separation of

Strontia from Lime, 113.

Technical Chemistry.-Test for Fusel Oil, W. STEIN: Value of different kinds of Soap,

R. GRAEGER, 114.--Pig-iron which contains Copper cannot be puddled, C. LIST, 115.

--Preparation of Oxyd of Lead free from Copper and Iron, TH. WICHMANN, 116.--

Cleansing of Mordanted Cloth before Dyeing, J. LEWENTHAL, 117.-Incineration of

Filters: On the Occurrence of the Hydrocarbon C4H2 in Coal Gas, BETTGER, 118.---

Action of Carbonate of Soda on Cast-Iron, C. TISSIER, 120.

Geology.--Geological Survey of Canada; Report of Progress for 1858, 122.--Geological

Surveys; Kentucky: Arkansas: Illinois: Texas: California, 124.-Canada: New

York: Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and Echinoidea from the Carbonifer-

ous rocks of Illinois, and other Western States, by F. B. MEEK and A. H. WORTHEN:

Description of New Carboniferous Fossils from Illinois and other Western States, by

F. B. MEEK and A. H. WORTHEN, 125.-Systematic Catalogue, with Synonyma, &c.,

of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary Fossils collected in Nebraska, by the Expl.

Exp. under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, by F. B. MEEK and F. V. HAYDEN,

126. Observations on the Cretaceous Strata of Texas, B. F. SHUMARD: Die Silu-

rische Fauna des westlichen Tennessee, by Dr. F. ROEMER, 127.

Botany and Zoology.-Thesaurus Capensis, or Illustrations of the South African Fiora,

etc., WM. H. HARVEY, M.D., F.R.S., &c.: Flora Capensis; being a Systematic De-

scription of the Plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, and Port Natal, by Wм. H. HAR-

VEY, M.D., F.R.S., &c., and OTTO WILHELM SONDER, Ph.D., 128.-Flora of the Brit-

ish West Indian Islands, A. H. R. GRISEBACH, M.D.: Plantæ Wrightianæ e Cuba Ori-

entali, A. GRISEBACH, 129.--Filices Wrightians et Fendlerianæ, etc., D. C. EATON:

Local Botanical Catalogues: Additions to the Flora of Wisconsin, by T. J. HALE:

Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Ohio, by J. S. NEWBERRY, M.D.:

A Catalogue of Plants found in New Bedford, Mass., and its vicinity, by E. W. HER-

VEY: Catalogue of Phænogamous and Filicoid Plants of New Castle County, Dela-

ware, arranged according to the Natural System, with the Synonyms of Modern Au-

thors, by EDWARD TATNALL: Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati; Fungi of Carolina illus-

trated by natural specimens of the Species, by H. W. RAVENEL, 130.-Uber Polyem-

bryonie und Keimung von Cælebogyne: ein Nachtrag zu der Abhandlung über Par-

thenogenesis bei Pflanzen, von A. BRAUN: Illustrations of the Genus Carex, by FRAN-

CIS BOOTT, M.D., 131.--A Second Century of Ferns; being Figures with brief De-

scriptions of one hundred new, or rare, or imperfectly known species of Ferns; from

various parts of the World, by Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., &c.: Species

Filicum; being Descriptions of all known Ferns. Illustrated with Plates, by Sir

WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., &c., 132.-Uber einige Farngattungen, von Dr. G.

METTENIUS, 133.-Filices Horti Botanici Lipsiensis, G. METTENIUS, 131.

Zoological Notices.-On the genus Peasia: On the genus Bipaliura, by WM. STIMPSON,

134.-The Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Mass., 135.

Astronomy and Meteorology.-Three more Asteroids: New Comet: Further observations

on the Shooting Stars of August 9-10, 1860: At Chicago, Ill., by Mr. FRANCIS BRAD-

LEY and others, 136.-Paris, France, by M. COULVIER-GRAVIER: Rome, Italy, by M.

SECCHI: Shooting Stars in November, 1860: Near Cape Hatteras: New Haven, Conn.,

137.-New York City: Montgomery Co., Md., 138.-Bloomington, Ind. : Narrative of

the American Expedition to N.W. British America, to observe the total Solar Eclipse

of July 18th, 1860, by WM. FERREL, 133.

Book Notices.-On the Impurities of Commercial Zinc, with Special Reference to the

Residue insoluble in Dilute Acids, to Sulphur, and to Arsenic, by CHARLES W. ELIOT

and FRANK H. STORER, 142.-A Practical Treatise on Coal, Petroleum, and other dis-

tilled Oils, by ABRAHAM GESNER, M.D., F.G.S., 147.-General Problems from the Or-

thographic Projections of Descriptive Geometry, etc., by Prof. S. EDWARD WARREN,

C.E., 148.-Cooke's Chemical Physics: Silliman's Principles of Physics, 149.

Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence.-Earthquake, 150-Two new Meteorites, by J. LAW -

RENCE SMITH, 151.

Obituary.-J. P. Espy, 151.-David Dale Owen, 153.—Mr. S. A. Casseday, 155.

Bibliography-By J. NICKLÈS, 155.

Proceedings of Societies, 156.

NUMBER

XCII.

ART. XIII. On the Appalachian Mountain System; by Prof. AR-
NOLD GUYOT.-(With a map),

XIV. On the Formation of Picramic Acid; by M. CAREY LEA,

XV. Remarks on a proposed Process for the Estimation of Nitro-

gen, and on an Acidimetric Process, by the same,

XVI. On the Dimorphism of Arsenic, Antimony and Zinc; by

JOSIAH P. COOKE, JR.,

Page.

157

188

189

XVII. General Account of the Results of Part II. of the discus-

sion of the Declinometer Observations made at the Girard

College, Philadelphia, between 1840 and 1845, with special

reference to the Solar Diurnal Variation and its Annual In-

equality; by A. D. BACHE, Supt. U. S. Coast Survey, with

a plate,

191

197

205

XVIII. The Upper Silurian Beds of Western Tennessee and

Dr. F. Roemer's Monograph; by Prof. J. M. Safford,

XIX. Correspondence of JOACHIM BARRANDE, Sir WILLIAM E.

LOGAN and JAMES HALL, on the Taconic System and the age

of the Fossils found in the Rocks of Northern New England,

and the Quebec Group of Rocks.-I. Introductory Remarks, 210

II. On the Primordial Fauna and the Taconic System of