Perkin Warbeck sat in the stocks; one Stubbs, a puritan attorney, having been convicted of a libel on Queen Elizabeth, had his hands cut off in 1580; in 1612, Lord Sanquhar was hanged for murder; in 1634, William Prynne was placed in the pillory; in 1649, the royalist Duke of Hamilton, the Earl of Holland, and Lord Capel were beheaded; in 1685, the infamous Titus Oates, and in 1765, the publisher of No. 45 North Briton, stood in the pillory; all of which punishments were inflicted in New Palace Yard.

In the green enclosure by St. Margaret's Church, is a bronze statue by Sir R. Westmacott, of George Canning, looking into New Palace Yard. Passing the courts of law (the entrances to which are through Westminster Hall) we arrive at Henry VII.'s Chapel and Old Palace Yard, where Marochetti's fine equestrian statue in bronze, of Richard Cœur de Lion, has been placed. In this space Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators were executed in 1606. Making our way across the graveyard attached to St. Margaret's Church, we shall find on the north side of the piece of ground into which the old abbey and the new palace look with such fine effect, the Guildhall of the City of Westminster, Westminster Hospital, and, behind, the Government Stationery Office, built in 1854 in the Italian style. At the west end of the abbey is the Westminster School Monument, and in the angle, between Tothill and Victoria Streets, the new Westminster Hotel, in part of which the India Office is located.

Passing through Princes Street we shall enter Great George Street, where at No. 29 the National Portrait Gallery is placed. At the upper end of this street a gate admits us into the Bird Cage Walk, leading to Pimlico. We may here enter St. James' Park.

PALL MALL. The old French game of paille maille, played here in Charles II.'s time, gives its name to this, perhaps the most striking of the London streets in point of architecture. It swarms with curious associations with the history, art, and literature of the past, but the present must alone occupy us now. That part of it between Trafalgar Square and George III.'s statue is called Pall Mall, East. Here (S.) is the College of Physicians, and Colnaghi's print shop; on the north, the Gallery of the Old Society of Water-colour Painters, and the University Club. In Suffolk Street (N.) is the Exhibition of the Society of British Artists. The bronze equestrian statue of George III., at the

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junction of Cockspur Street, is a work of M. C. Wyatt. At the corner of the Haymarket, distinguished by an arcade, is Her Majesty's Theatre, a house for the performance of operas. Haymarket Theatre is in the same street, on the east side. The Haymarket abounds with restaurants, oyster shops, etc. Over against the Opera House in Pall Mall is the French Gallery, where an annual exhibition of pictures takes place. We are now in the land of clubs. The United Service Club is at the corner of Waterloo Place, and on the opposite side is the Athenæum Club. In this place, at the top of the steps leading into St. James' Park, is the Duke of York's Column. The splendid houses of Carlton House Terrace, overlooking the Park, stand on the site of the palace, where George IV., when Prince of Wales, squandered millions. At the bottom of Regent Street, a granite memorial has been erected, from the design of John Bell, R.A., to the 2162 officers and men of the guards who perished in the disastrous Crimean war. In front is a group in bronze of three guardsmen, with suitable inscriptions. At the back are two heavy guns and a mortar, actual trophies from Sebastopol.

On the south side of Pall Mall come in succession the Travellers' Club (go round to the other side to see the garden façade which has been much admired), the Reform Club, and the Carlton Club, distinguished by its polished granite columns, and according to one critic, its "singular architectural antithesis, with a violation of all orthodoxy and rule." To the heterodox eye the effect is certainly superb. A little beyond, on the same side, is the Ordnance Office, where the Secretary of State for War has his office. The house was built as a residence for a brother of George III. At the opposite side of the street, at the entrance to St. James' Square, is the Army and Navy Club.

In the middle of St. James' Square is a bronze equestrian statue, by Bacon the younger, of William III. In this square (which was built between 1574 and 1690) several of the nobility have houses. At No. 21, now the residence of the Duke of Norfolk, the premier Duke, George III. was born. No. 22 is the episcopal residence of the bishops of London.

Returning to Pall Mall, the Oxford and Cambridge Club and the Guards' Club are seen on the south. On the opposite side are the galleries of the New Society of Painters in Water-colours, and the British Institution. The entrance to Marlborough House, lately fitted up as a residence for the Prince of Wales, is on the

south. Opposite the end of St. James' Street is St. James' Palace, and at the end of Cleveland Row, the continuation of Pall Mall, is the Earl of Ellesmere's new mansion, Bridgewater House. The Duke of Sutherland's, Stafford House, is to the south, in the angle between St. James' Park and the Green Park.

ST. JAMES' STREET.-In this street have lived Waller, Wren, Pope, Swift, Steele, Gibbon, C. J. Fox, Crabbe, Moore, and Byron; and this was the scene of Blood's attack on the Duke of Ormond. On a Drawing-Room day this street is crowded with persons who come to see the ladies on their way, in their carriages, to pay their respects to the Queen, who receives them in St. James' Palace.

On the west side, near the bottom, is the Thatched House Tavern, No. 85, where the Dilettanti Society meet. Here are a number of portraits of deceased members, and two fine conversation pieces by Sir Joshua Reynolds. The society originated in 1734. Close by is a handsome pile, the Conservative Club; and a little higher up, at 69, is Arthur's Club House. In King Street (E) are the St. James' Theatre, Almack's (or Willis's) Assembly Rooms, and Christie and Manson's Auction Rooms, where valuable pictures are sold in the season. At 64 is the Old Cocoa-tree Club House (W.), and at 60 Brooks's Club House, and near the top of the street, what was once Crockford's Club, now the Wellington Dining Rooms. On the opposite side, at 28, is Boodle's Club House, and at 37 White's. In Jermyn Street (E.) the first Duke of Marlborough, Sir Isaac Newton, Gray the poet, and John Hunter have lived. In this street is the entrance to the Museum of Practical Geology.

PICCADILLY, a street about 1650 yards in length, which commences at the Haymarket, and, passing along the north side of the Green Park, terminates at Hyde Park corner. It is rich in interesting associations with many persons and events. The name

is of uncertain origin, but it is supposed to be somehow connected with the word "pickadils," the ruffs worn in the time of James I. Crossing Regent Circus we shall see the Museum of Practical Geology on the south (the entrance is in Jermyn Street) and opposite to this, one of the entrances to St. James' Hall. St. James' Church, built by Wren, is opposite the end of Swallow Street, where there is a Scottish Episcopal Church. The Albany (N.) is let as residence chambers; and here have lived George Canning, Monk Lewis, Lord Byron, Bulwer Lytton, and Macaulay.

On

Burlington House is hidden by a brick screen. Burlington Arcade, lined with shops, leads to the street called Burlington Gardens. Bond Street (N) is followed by Albemarle Street (opposite St. James' Street), in which stands the Royal Institution, and at No. 23 is the Alfred Club House. The Egyptian Hall, between Duke Street and St. James' Street, easily made out by the architecture of its front, is a place for lectures and exhibitions. It was originally built for Bullock's Museum of Natural History, and cost £16,000. At the gateway of the Three Kings' Inn, 75 Piccadilly, are two Corinthian pilasters, supposed to have been part of Clarendon House, which stood hereabouts. The building of this mansion by Lord Chancellor Clarendon made him very unpopular. After his flight to France, it was occupied by the Duke of Ormond at the time Blood attacked him. In Arlington Street (S.) are the mansions of several of the nobility, with fronts to the Green Park. Berkeley Street (N.) leads to Berkeley Square and to Lansdowne House. Burlington House is hidden by a high brick wall from Piccadilly, opposite the commencement of the Green Park, across which are good views of Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, and the Houses of Parliament. a clear day the Crystal Palace may be seen on its hill, glittering in the sun. At No. 1 Stratton Street lives Miss Burdett Coutts, who obtained the great wealth left by the Duchess of St. Albans, who began life as Miss Mellon the actress. Bath House, 82 Piccadilly (Lord Ashburton), contains a very good collection of pictures. Cambridge House, No. 94, is occupied by Lord Palmerston. Hertford House, No. 105, is the Marquis of Hertford's. When the Pulteney Hotel, Alexander, Emperor of Russia and his sister, the Duchess of Oldenburg, were lodged in 1814; but in 1851 that edifice was taken down, and rebuilt with a picture gallery, which will contain the Marquis's valuable collection of paintings. At the east corner of Down Street is Mr. H. T. Hope's new mansion, built from a French design. The iron railing was cast in Paris. The house has been splendidly finished throughout, and cost £30,000. It contains some good pictures, a portion of the celebrated Hope gallery, but the choicest part of that collection is at Deepdene, Mr. Hope's country seat. Gloucester House, corner of Park Lane (No. 137), long the residence of the late Duchess of Gloucester, the Queen's aunt, was bequeathed to, and is now occupied by the Duke of Cambridge. When tenanted by the Earl of Elgin, the Elgin marbles, now in

the British Museum, were deposited here. Park Lane is lined with the mansions of the nobility facing Hyde Park. At No. 139, Lord Byron was living when his wife left him, and refused to return. The Baron Lionel de Rothschild (No. 148) has a valuable collection of medieval art and old Ceramic ware. One candlestick of white clay cost £220. We now arrive at Apsley House (the Duke of Wellington's) and Hyde Park corner. Here the two park gateways (one crowned with the late Duke of Wellington's equestrian statue) and other buildings make a striking architectural group. St. George's Hospital stands at the corner of Grosvenor Place, which leads between Belgravia and the private gardens of Buckingham Palace to the new Pimlico Railway Station. The main road is continued alongside Hyde Park by Knightsbridge to Kensington. A turn to the left at Knightsbridge, near Albert Gate, leads to the South Kensington Museum and the International Exhibition Buildings.

BOND STREET acquired its name from Sir Thomas Bond, who bought Clarendon House from the second Duke of Albemarle, and pulled it down to form streets on its site, one of which was this. Its upper part, next Oxford Street, is known as New Bond Street, the lower as Old Bond Street; both are filled with shops of the first repute. At 41 Old Bond Street, in 1768, died the humourist Sterne, "vain, wicked, witty, false." The German Gallery, where there is an annual exhibition of foreign pictures, is at 168 New Bond Street (W.) At No. 141, Lord Nelson lodged in 1797.

REGENT STREET, only 30 yards less than a mile in length, is the handsomest shop street in London. Designed by Nash in 1813, and named after the Prince Regent, it begins at Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, where there are the offices of several Insurance Companies. The Junior United Service Club is at the corner of Charles Street (E.), and above this are the GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION and the buildings lately occupied by the Parthenon Club. On the west side are the Club Chambers, a large house let off in residential chambers to gentlemen, and having a common coffee-room and dining-room. A steam engine is employed to raise water from a deep well, and to lift coals, furniture, etc., to the upper floors. The building cost £26,000. At the intersection with PICCADILLY is a Circus, and just above this the Quadrant commences. This is a sweep adopted for the purpose of joining the upper and lower parts of the street which were