These remarks entirely put an end to mingle with the excellence of the obthe common mode of arguing à Gulielmo. ject a consideration of the chance of What did King William do?-what gaining it? would King William say? &c. King The Bishop of Lincoln (p. 19.) states William was in a very different situa- it as an argument against concession tion from that in which we are placed. to the Catholics, that we have enjoyed The whole world was in a very differ-internal peace and entire freedom ent situation. The great and glorious from all religious animosities and feuds Authors of the Revolution (as they are since the Revolution." The fact, howcommonly denominated) acquired their ever, is not more certain than conclusive greatness and their glory, not by a against his view of the question. For, superstitious reverence for inapplicable since that period, the worship of the precedents, but by taking hold of pre Church of England has been abolished sent circumstances to lay a deep foun- in Scotland-the Corporation and dation for Liberty; and then using old Test Acts repealed in Ireland—and cames for new things, they left the the whole of this King's reign has been Bishop of Lincoln, and other good men, one series of concessions to the Cathoto suppose that they had been thinking lics. Relaxation then (and we wish all the time about ancestors. this had been remembered at the Charge) of penal laws, on subjects of religious opinion, is perfectly compatible with internal peace, and exemption from religious animosity. But the Bishop is always fond of lurking in generals, and cautiously avoids coming to any specific instance of the dangers which he fears.

"It is declared in one of the 39 Articles, that the King is head of our Church, without being subject to any foreign power; and it is expressly said that the Bishop of Rome has no jurisdiction within

Another species of false reasoning, which pervades the Bishop of Lincoln's Charge, is this: He states what the interests of men are, and then takes it for granted that they will eagerly and actively pursue them; laying totally out of the question the probability or improbability of their effecting their object, and the influence which this balance of chances must produce upon their actions. For instance, it is the interest of the Catholics that our Church should be subservient to theirs. Therefore, says his Lordship, the Catholics these realms. On the contrary, Papists wil enter into a conspiracy against the assert that the Pope is supreme head of English Church. But, is it not also the whole Christian Church, and that althe decided interest of his Lordship's vidual member, in all spiritual matters. legiance is due to him from every indibutler that he should be Bishop, and This direct opposition to one of the funda the Bishop, his butler? That the cro-mental principles of the ecclesiastical part zer and the corkscrew should change of our constitution, is alone sufficient to hands, and the washer of the bottles which they had emptied become the diocesan of learned divines? What has prevented this change, so beneficial to the upper domestic, but the extreme improbability of success, if the attempt were made; an improbability so great, that we will venture to say, the very Action of it has scarcely once entered to the understanding of the good man. Why then is the reverend Prelate, who lives on so safely and contentedly with Jha, so dreadfully alarmed at the Catholics? And why does he so compietely forget, in their instance alone, that men do not merely strive to obtain a thing because it is good, but always

justify the exclusion of Papists from all situations of authority. They acknow. ledge, indeed, that obedience in civil mat. ters is due to the King. But cases must arise, in which civil and religious duties will clash; and he knows but little of the influence of the Popish religion over the minds of its votaries, who doubts which of these duties would be sacrificed to the other. Moreover, the most subtle casuistry cannot always discriminate between temporal and spiritual things; and in truth the concerns of this life not unfrequently partake of both characters."—(pp. 21, 22.)

We deny entirely that any case can occur, where the exposition of a doctrine purely speculative, or the arrangement of a mere point of Church discipline,

can interfere with civil duties. The serving, which has so long disgraced Roman Catholics are Irish and English and endangered this country. But the citizens at this moment; but no such truth is, that we look upon this cause case has occurred. There is no instance as already gained;-and while we in which obedience to the civil magis- warmly congratulate the nation on the trate has been prevented, by an acknow-mighty step it has recently made toledgment of the spiritual supremacy of wards increased power and entire secuthe Pope. The Catholics have given rity, it is impossible to avoid saying a (in an oath which we suspect the Bishop word upon the humiliating and disgustnever to have read) the most solemning, but at the same time most edifying pledge, that their submission to their spectacle, which has lately been exspiritual ruler should never interfere hibited by the Anticatholic addressers. with their civil obedience. The hypo- That so great a number of persons thesis of the Bishop of Lincoln is, that should have been found with such a proit must very often do so. The fact is, clivity to servitude (for honest bigotry that it has never done so. had but little to do with the matter), as to rush forward with clamours in favour of intolerance, upon a mere surmise that this would be accounted as acceptable service by the present possessors of patronage and power, affords a more humiliating and discouraging picture of the present spirit of the country, than any thing else that has occurred in our remembrance. The edifying

His Lordship is extremely angry with the Catholics, for refusing to the Crown a veto upon the appointment of their Bishops. He forgets that in those countries of Europe where the Crown interferes with the appointment of Bishops, the reigning monarch is a Catholic, which makes all the difference. We sincerely wish that the Catholics would concede this point; but we cannot be astonished at their reluctance to admit the interference of a Protestant Prince with their Bishops. What would his Lordship say to the interference of any Catholic power with the appointment of the English sees?

Next comes the stale and thousand times refuted charge against the Catholics, that they think the Pope has the power of dethroning heretical Kings; and that it is the duty of every Catholic to use every possible means to root out and destroy heretics, &c. To all of which may be returned this one conclusive answer, that the Catholics are ready to deny these doctrines upon oath. And as the whole controversy is, whether the Catholics shall, by means of oaths, be excluded from certain offices in the State :- - those who contend that the continuation of these excluding oaths are essential to the public safety, must admit, that oaths are binding upon Catholics, and a security to the State that what they swear to is true.

It is right to keep these things in view and to omit no opportunity of exposing and counteracting that spirit of intolerant zeal or intolerable time

part of the spectacle is the contempt with which their officious devotions have been received by those whose favour they were intended to purchase,

and the universal scorn and derision with which they were regarded by independent men of all parties and persuasions. The catastrophe, we think, teaches two lessons; one to the timeservers themselves, not to obtrude their servility on the Government, till they have reasonable ground to think it is wanted; and the other to the nation at large, not to imagine that a base and interested clamour in favour of what is supposed to be agreeable to Government, however loudly and extensively sounded, affords any indication at all, either of the general sense of the country, or even of what is actually contemplated by those in the administration of its affairs. The real sense of the country has been proved on this occasion, to be directly against those who presumptuously held themselves out as its organs; —and even the Ministers have made a respectable figure, compared with those who assumed the character of their champions.

dence that a man wants sense; which LETTERS WRITTEN IN A MAH-is repelled not by writing good verses, KATTA CAMP DURING THE but by writing excellent verses;-by YEAR 1809. (E. REVIEW, 1813.) doing what Lord Byron has done;-by displaying talents great enough to Letters written in a Mahratta Camp overcome the disgust which proceeds during the Year 1809. By Thomas Duer from satiety, and showing that all Broughton. 1813. Murray, Albemarle things may become new under the reviving touch of genius. But it is never too late to repent and do well: we hope Mr. Broughton will enter into proper securities with his intimate friends to write no more verses.

Street.

THIS is a lively, entertaining, wellwritten book; and we can conscientously recommend it to our readers. Mr. Thomas Duer Broughton does not, it is true, carry any great weight of The most prominent character in the metal; but, placed in a curious and narrative of Mr. Broughton, seems to be Bovel scene, he has described what he that of Scindia, whom he had every opsaw from day to day, and preserved, portunity of observing, and whose chafor the amusement of his readers, the racter he appears perfectly to have impressions which those scenes made understood;—a disgraceful liar, living upon him, while they were yet strong with buffoons and parasites-unsteady and fresh. The journals of military in his friendships-a babbling drunkard men are given to the public much more equally despised by his enemies and frequently than they used to be; and his pretended friends. Happy the we consider this class of publications people who have only to contemplate as one of great utility and importance. such a prince in description, and at a The duties of such men lead them into distance. The people over whom he Countries very little known to Euro- reigns seem, by the description of Mr. pans, and give to them the means of Broughton, to be well worthy of such a observing and describing very striking monarch. Treacherous, cruel, falsepeculiarities in manners, habits, and robbing, and robbed-deceiving and governments. To lay these before the deceived; it seems very difficult to palie is a praiseworthy undertaking; understand by what power such a and it done simply and modestly (as is society is held together, and why every the case with this publication), deserves thing in it is not long since resolved great encouragement, Persons unacinto its primitive elements. customed to writing, are prevented from attempting this by the fear of not writing sufficiently well; but where there is any thing new and entertaining to tell, the style becomes of comparatively little importance. He who lives in a Mahratta camp, and tells us what be bears and sees, can scarcely tell it Mas As far as mere style is concerned, it matters very little whether he writes like Casar or Nullus. Though we praise Mr. Broughton for his book, and praise him very sincerely, we must wara him against that dreadful propenMy which young men have for writing There is nothing of which Xature has been more bountiful than poets They swarm like the spawn of ex-fish, with a vicious fecundity, that vites and requires destruction. To puheish verses is become a sort of eviVOL. I

Terses.

motley camp," says Mr. Broughton, “is the "A very distinguished corps in this Shohdas-literally the scoundrels. They form a regularly organised body, under a chief named Fazil Khan; to whose orders they pay implicit obedience. They are the licensed thieves and robbers of the camp; and, from the fruits of their industry, their principal derives a very con

siderable revenue. On marching days they are assembled under their leader, and act as porters for the Muha Raj's baggage. At sieges they dig the trenches, erect the batteries, and carry the scaling ladders. But their grand concern is the gambling houses, which are placed under their imme diate control and superintendence, and where they practise all the refinements of accomplished villany to decoy and impose upon the unwary, which you perhaps fondly flatter yourself are the distinguished excellencies of these establishments in Europe. Baboo Khan, a Mahratta chief of

some rank and consideration, is an avowed | peared to be starving, was sure to find a patron of this curious society; and is, in protector in our camp, used, in hard tunes, fact, though in a higher sphere, as accomplished a Shohda as any of the band. About a year ago, a merchant came to the camp with horses for sale. The Khan chose out some of the most valuable, and paid down the merchant's own price for them on the spot; desiring him, at the same time, to bring more, as he was about to increase the numbers of his own Risalu. Such unheardof honesty and liberality induced other merchants to bring their horses also for sale. The Mahratta took them all at the prices demanded; but, when the owners came for payment, he scoffed at them for their credulity, and had them actually beaten away from his tent by the rascally crew who always attend upon him. The merchants carried their complaint to the Muha Raj; and after waiting for several months in expectation of justice being done them, were paid at the rate of seven annas in the rupee; besides a deduction for the Buniyas, with whom the unfortunate fellows had been obliged to run in debt for subsistence during their stay in camp. The whole transaction lasted about a twelvemonth; at the end of which time they were obliged to decamp, with less than one third of what was strictly their due.

to send their children out to beg; and, when better able to support them themselves, would pretend to discover their lost infants, and reclaim them."-(pp. 32—34.)

The passage of a Mahratta army over an hostile country, seems to be the greatest curse which can happen to any people where French armies are We are always glad to unknown. bring the scenery of war before the eves of those men who sit at home with full stomachs and safe bodies, and are always ready with vote and clamour to drive their country into a state of warfare with every nation in the world.

"Where such acts of injustice and oppression are committed with impunity, it is not wonderful that there should be much misery among the poorer orders of the community. When grain is dear, hundreds of poor families are driven to the most distressing shifts to obtain a bare subsistence. At such times I have often seen women and children employed in picking out the undigested grains of corn from the dung of the different animals about the camp. Even now, when grain is by no means at a high price (wheat being sold in the market for thirteen seers for the rupee,) it is scarcely possible to move out of the i mits of our own camp, without witnessing the most shocking proofs of poverty and wretchedness. I was returning from a ride the other morning, when two miseme for rable-looking women followed charity; each had a little infant in her arms; and one of them repeatedly offered to sell hers for the trifling sum of two rupees. Many of our Sipahees and servants have children, whom they have either purchased in this manner, or picked up begging among our tents. In adopting these little wretches, however, they have so often been taken in, that they are now more cautious in indulging their charitable propensities. The poor people of the army, finding that a child who told a piteous tale, and ap

By

"We observed several fine villages on the Kota side of the river, situated upon level spots among the ravines which intersect the country for a mile from the bank. the route we went, our march was protracted to nearly twenty-two miles; the road lay over a continued plain, covered with fields of young corn, affording fine forage for the Mahrattas, who were to be seen in every direction, men, women, and children, tearing it up by the roots; while their cattle were turned loose to graze at liberty, and make the most of such an abundant harvest. We also fell in with large ricks of Kurbee, the dried stalks of Bajiru and Jooar, two inferior kinds of grain; an excellent fodder for the camels. To each of these three or four horsemen immediately attached themselves, and appropriated it to their own use: so that when our cattle went out for forage after the march, there was as much difficulty in procuring it as if we had halted near the spot for a month.”— "The villages around the camp are all in ruins; and in some of them I have seen a few wretched villagers, sheltered under the mud walls or broken roofs, and watching over an herd of miserable half-starved cattle. They assured me that the greatest part of the peasantry of the province had been driven to Kota or Boondee, to seek shelter from the repeated ravages of different Mahratta armies; and that, of those who remained, most had perished by want and variety of misery. Their tale was truly piteous, and was accompanied with hearty curses invoked upon the whole Mahratta race, whom they justly regard as authors of all their misery. You my dear brother, will, I dare say, ere this, be inclined to join these poor people in detestation of a tribe, whose acts I have endeayou acquainted with voured to make throughout one whole year. Unless we

the

should go to Ajmeer, of which, by the by, there is now some prospect, I shall, with that year, close my regular communications. To continue them would only be to go over again the same unvaried ground; to retrace the same acts of oppression and fraud; detail the same chicanery, folly, and intrigues; and to describe the same festivals and ceremonies. If I may judge of your feelings by my own, you are already heartily sick of them all; and will hail the letter that brings you the conclusion of their history, as I shall the day when I can turn my back on a people, proud and jealous as the Chinese, vain and unpolished as the Americans, and as tyrannical and perfidious the French."—(pp. 53, 336, 337.)

prescribes the same abstinence to himself: the strongest stomach of course carries the day. A custom of this kind was once so prevalent in the province and city of Benares, that Brahmuns were trained to remain a long time without food. They were then sent to the door of some rich individual, where they made a vow to remain without eating till they should obtain a certain sum of money. To preserve the life of a Brahmun is so absolutely a duty, that the money was generally paid; but never till a good struggle had taken place to ascertain whether the man was staunch or not: for money is the life and soul of all Hindoos. In this camp there are many Brahmuns, who hire themselves out to sit dhurna for those who do not like to expose

The justice of these Hindoo high-themselves to so great an inconvenience." waymen seems to be as barbarous as—(pp. 42, 43.)

interesting young girl was discovered, about

"It was in one of these battalions that an

their injustice. The prime minister Amidst the villanies of this atrocious himself perambulates the bazaar or and disgusting people, we were agreemarket; and when a tradesman is de-ably surprised with this virtuous extected selling by false weight or measure, ception in a young Mahratta female. this great officer breaks the culprit's head with a large wooden mallet kept especially for that purpose. Their mode of recovering debts is not less ex-for two or three years as a Sipahee; in a twelvemonth ago, who had served with it traordinary. When the creditor cannot recover his money, and begins to feel a little desperate, he sits dhurna upon debtor; that is, he squats down at the door of the tent, and becomes in a Certain degree the master of it. Nolody goes in or comes out without his approbation: he neither eats himself, Bor suffers his debtor to eat; and this bangry contest is carried on till the debt is paid, or till the creditor begins to think that the want of food is a greater evil than the want of money.

This curious mode of enforcing a deand is in universal practice among the Marattas; Seendhiya himself not being empt from it. The man who sits the clared, goes to the house or tent of him vim he wishes to bring to terms, and rains there till the affair is settled: drag which time the one under restraint is confined to his apartment, and not suffered to communicate with any persons but those whom the other may approve of. The laws by which the dhurua is regulated are as well defined and understood as those of my other custom whatever. When it is act to bevery strict, the claimant carries number of his followers, who surround the tent, sometimes even the bed, of his adversary, and deprive him altogether of food, in which case, however, etiquette

which capacity she had acquired the favour of her superiors, and the regard of all her comrades, by her quiet and inoffensive behaviour, and regular attention to the duties of her station. It was observed that she always dressed her own dinner, and ate it, and performed her ablutions by herself: but not the slightest suspicion of her sex was entertained, till about the time I mentioned, when it was discovered by the curiosity of a young Sipahee, who followed her when she went to bathe. After this she continued to serve for some months, resolutely declining the patronage of the Baee, who proposed to receive her into her own family, as well as the offers of the Muha Raj to promote her in the corps she belonged to. The affair soon became the general subject of conversation in camp; and I having expressed a strong wish to see Juruor Sing'h, the name by which this Indian D'Eon went, one of our Sipahees, who was acquainted with her, brought her to my tent. She appeared to be about twenty-two years of age, was very fair, and, though not handsome, possessed a most interesting countenance. She spoke freely of her profession and her immediate situation: but betrayed neither the affected bashfulness nor forward boldness which such a situation was likely to have produced: and let it be recorded, to the honour of every party concerned, that from the moment when her sex was discovered, she