of the latter are affixed!

"The free exercise of the

ymple and Macpherson say, that none in the second place, it is very remarkbut the Catholic counsellors were ad- able, that in the first seven passages mitted to this confidence. Mr. Rose quoted by Mr. Rose, nothing more is mutters, that there is no evidence of said to be in the King's contemplation this; and himself produces an abstract than the complete toleration of that of the secret treaty between Lewis and religion. Charles, of May, 1670, to which the Catholic religion in their own houses," subscriptions of four Catholic ministers the abolition of the penal laws against Catholics,-"the free exercise Mr. Fox is next taxed with great of that religion," &c. &c. are the only negligence for saying that he does not objects to which the zeal of the King is know what proof there is of Clarendon's said to be directed; and it is not till being privy to Charles receiving money after the suppression of Monmouth's from France; and very long quotations rebellion, that these phrases are exare inserted from the correspondence changed for "a resolution to establish printed by Dalrymple and Macpherson, the Catholic religion," or "to get that which do not prove Clarendon's religion established," though it would knowledge of any money being received, be fair, perhaps, to interpret some even though they do seem to establish, that of these phrases with reference to those he must have known of its being stipu- which precede them in the correspondence; especially as, in a letter from Lewis' to Barillon, so late as 20th August, 1685, he merely urges the great expediency of James establishing the free exercise" of that religion.

lated for.

After this comes Mr. Rose's grand attack; in which he charges the historian with his whole heavy artillery of argument and quotation, and makes a vigorous effort to drive him from the After all, in reality, there is not much position, that the early and primary substantial difference, as to this point, tish Popery in this country, but in Mr. Fox admits most explicitly, that sect of James's reign was not to es- between the historian and his observer.

first place to render himself abso- James was zealous in the cause of te: and that, for a considerable time, Popery; and that after Monmouth's he does not appear to have aimed at execution, he made attempts equally anything more than a complete tole- violent and undisguised to restore it.

ration for his own religion.

The

grounds upon which this opinion is he was exceedingly desirous to render maintained by Mr. Fox are certainly himself absolute; and that one ground pace, his zeal for the Church of Eng-was, its natural affinity with an arbiTery probable. There is, in the first of his attachment to Popery probably land during his brother's life, and the trary government. Upon which of

Mr. Rose, on the other hand, admits that

violent oppressions by which he en- these two objects he set the chief value forced a protestant test in Scotland; and which of them he wished to make Secondly, the fact of his carrying on subservient to the other,it is not perhaps the government and the persecution of now very easy to determine. In adBonconformists by protestant ministers; dition to the authorities referred to by and, thirdly, his addresses to his Par- Mr. Fox, however, there are many Lament, and the tenor of much of his more which tend directly to show tha correspondence with Lewis. In op- one great ground of his antipathy to position to this, Mr. Rose quotes an the reformed religion was, his convicminite variety of passages from Baril- tion that it led to rebellion and rein's correspondence, to show in general publicanism. There are very many the unfeigned zeal of this unfortunate passages in Barillon to this effect; and, Prince for his religion, and his constant indeed, the burden of all Lewis's letters desire to glorify and advance it. Now, is to convince James that "the existit is perfectly obvious, in the first ence of monarchy" in England deplace, that Mr. Fox never intended to pended on the protection of the Cathodispute James's zeal for Popery; and, lics. Barillon says (Fox, App. p. 125.

that "the King often declares publicly, subject; and thinks it not unfair to that all Calvinists are naturally enemies doubt the accuracy of the account to royalty, and above all, to royalty in which this minister renders of his disEngland." And Burnet observes (vol. bursements. He even quotes two pasi. p. 73.), that the King told him, "that sages from Mad. de Sevigné, to show among other prejudices he had against that it was the general opinion that he the Protestant religion, this was one, had enriched himself greatly by his that his brother and himself being in mission to England. In a letter written many companies in Paris incognito during the continuance of that mission, (during the Commonwealth), where she says, "Barillon s'en va, &c.; son there were Protestants, he found they emploi est admirable cette anneé; il were all alienated from them, and great mangera cinquante mille francs; mais il admirers of Cromwell; so he believed sait bien où les prendre." And after they were all rebels in their hearts." It his final return, she says he is old and will not be forgotten either, that in his rich, and looks without envy on the first address to the Council, on his brilliant situation of M. D'Avaus. The accession, he made use of those memo- only inference he draws from the disrable words: "I know the principles cussion is, that it should have a little of the Church of England are for mon- shaken Mr. Fox's confidence in his archy, and therefore I shall always take accuracy. The answer to which obvicare to defend and support it." While ously is, that his mere dishonesty, he retained this opinion of its loyalty, where his private interest was conaccordingly, he did defend and support cerned, can afford no reason for doubt. it; and did persecute all dissidents ing his accuracy, where it was not from its doctrine, at least as violently affected. as he afterwards did those who opposed Popery. It was only when he found that the orthodox doctrines of nonresistance and jus divinum would not go all lengths, and that even the bishops would not send his proclamations to their clergy, that he came to class them with the rest of the heretics, and to rely entirely upon the slavish votaries of the Roman superstition.

In the concluding section of his remarks, Mr. Rose resumes his eulogium on Sir Patrick Hume,-introduces a splendid encomium on the Marquis of Montrose,-brings authority to show, that torture was used to extort confession in Scotland even after the Revolution,—and then breaks out into a high Tory rant against Mr. Fox, for supposing that the councillors who The next set of remarks are intro- condemned Argyle might not be very duced for the purpose of showing that easy in their consciences, and for calling Mr. Fox has gone rather too far, in those who were hunting down that stating that the object both of Charles nobleman's dispersed followers, "auand James, in taking money from thorised assassins." James, he says, Lewis, was to render themselves inde- was their lawful sovereign; and the pendent of Parliament, and to enable parties in question having been in open them to govern without those assem-rebellion, it was the evident duty of all blies. Mr. Rose admits that this was the point which both monarchs were desirous of attaining; and merely says, that it does not appear that either of them expected that the calling of Parliaments could be entirely dispensed with. There certainly is not here any worthy subject of contention.

The next point is, as to the sums of money which Barillon says he distributed to the Whig leaders, as well as to the King's ministers. Mr. Rose is very liberal and rational on this

who had not joined with them, to sup press them. We are not very fond of arguing general points of this nature; and the question here is fortunately special, and simple. If the tyranny and oppression of James in Scotland -the unheard-of enormity of which Mr. Rose owns that Mr. Fox has understated-had already given that country a far juster title to renounce him than England had in 1688, then James was not "their lawful sovereign" in any sense in which that phrase can

be understood by a free people; and ings. Although we have already enlarged this article beyond its proper limits, we must give our readers a few specimens of this singular chronicle.

those whose cowardice or despair made them submit to be the instruments of the tyrant's vengeance on one who had armed for their deliverance, may very After Sir Patrick's escape, he made innocently be presumed to have suffered his way to his own castle, and was 2 some remorse for their compliance. concealed for some time in a vault With regard, again, to the phrase of under the church, where his daughter, "authorised assassins," it is plain, from then a girl under twenty, went alone, the context of Mr. Fox, that it is not every night, with an heroic fortitude, applied to the regular forces acting to comfort and feed him. The gaiety, against the remains of Argyle's armed however, which lightened this perilous followers, but to those individuals, intercourse, is to us still more admirable whether military or not, who pursued than its heroism. the disarmed and solitary fugitives, for the purpose of butchering them in ed blood, in their caverns and moun

'She went every night by herself, at midnight, to carry him victuals and drink; and stayed with him as long as she could

to get home before day. In all this time

Such is the substance of Mr. Rose's observations; which certainly do not he continued to possess to his death, which composure, and cheerfulness of mind, that appear to us of any considerable value was at the age of eighty-four; all which though they indicate, throughout, a good qualities she inherited from him in a landable industry, and a still more laud- high degree. Often did they laugh heartily able consciousness of inferiority,-to-in that doleful habitation, at different gether with (what we are determined accidents that happened. She at that time 1 believe) a natural disposition to had a terror for a churchyard, especially in

my grandfather showed the same constant

the dark, as is not uncommon at her age, by idle nursery stories; but when engaged

Eberality and moderation, countereted by the littleness of party jealousy by concern for her father, she stumbled and resentment. We had noted a over the graves every night alone, without great number of petty misrepresenta- fear of any kind entering her thoughts, but ts and small inaccuracies; but in a for soldiers and parties in search of him, work which is not likely either to be which the least noise or motion of a leaf

things are not worth the trouble of was near the church. The first night she

correction.

went, his dogs kept such a barking as put her in the utmost fear of a discovery. My

Though the book itself is very dull, grandmother sent for the minister next however, we must say that the appendix day, and, upon pretence of a mad dog, got 15 very entertaining. Sir Patrick's nar- him to hang all his dogs. There was also

rative is clear and spirited; but what difficulty of getting victuals to carry him, delights us far more, is another and without the servants suspecting: the only more domestic and miscellaneous narra-way it was done, was by stealing it off her tive of the adventures of his family, diverting story she has told about this, and from the period of Argyle's discomfiture other things of the like nature. Her father ta their return in the train of King liked sheep's head; and, while the children William. This is from the hand of were eating their broth, she had conveyed Lady Murray, Sir Patrick's grand-most of one into her lap. When her brother daughter, and is mostly furnished from Sandy (the late Lord Marchmont) had the information of her mother, his done, he looked up with astonishment and favourite and exemplary daughter. said, Mother, will you look at Grizzel; There is an air of cheerful magna- has eat up the whole sheep's head.' This Bity and artless goodness about this occasioned so much mirth among them, Indie history,

plate at dinner into her lap. Many a

gaging; and a

while we have been eating our broth, she

Scottish simplicity and homeliness of a share in the next."-App. p. [v.] character, which recommend it, in a

variety of traits of tained by it, and desired Sandy might have

They then tried to secrete him in a

pecanar manner, to our national feel- low room in his own house; and, for

this purpose, to contrive a bed concealed | of living there, without thinking it a under the floor, which this affectionate miracle. They had no want, but plenty of and light-hearted girl secretly excavated everything they desired, and much conherself, by scratching up the earth with her nails, "till she left not a nail on her fingers," and carrying it into the garden at night in bags. At last, however, they all got over to Holland, where they seem to have lived in great poverty, but in the same style of magnanimous gaiety and cordial affection, of which some instances have been recited. This admirable young woman, who lived afterwards with the same simplicity of character in the first society in England, seems to have exerted her self in a way that nothing but affection could have rendered tolerable, even to one bred up to drudgery.

"All the time they were there (says his daughter), there was not a week my mother did not sit up two nights, to do the business that was necessary. She went to market; went to the mill to have their corn ground, which, it seems, is the way with good managers there; dressed the linen; cleaned the house; made ready dinner; mended the children's stockings, and other clothes; made what she could for them, and, in short, did everything. Her sister Christian, who was a year or two younger, diverted her father and mother, and the rest, who were fond of music. Out of their small income they bought a harpsichord for little money (but is a Rucar) now in my custody, and most valuable. My aunt played and sung well, and had a great deal of life and humour, but no turn to business. Though my mother had the same qualifications, and liked it as well as she did, she was forced to drudge; and many jokes used to pass betwixt the sisters about their different occupations."-p. [ix.]

"Her brother soon afterwards entered

into the Prince of Orange's guards; and

her constant attention was to have him appear right in his linen and dress. They wore little point cravats and cuffs, which many a night she sat up to have in as good order for him as any in the place; and one of their greatest expenses was in dressing him as he ought to be. As their house was always full of the unfortunate banished people, like themselves, they seldom went to dinner without three or four, or five of them, to share with them; and many a hundred times I have heard her say, she could never look back upon their manner

An eminent maker of that time.

tentment; and always declared it the most pleasing part of her life, though they were not without their little distresses; but to them they were rather jokes than griev ances. The professors, and men of learning in the place, came often to see my grandfather. The best entertainment he could give them, was a glass of alabast beer, which was a better kind of ale than common. He sent his son Andrew, the late for them in the cellar: he brought it up Lord Kimmerghame, a boy, to draw some with great diligence; but in the other hand the spiket of the barrel. My grandfather said, 'Andrew, what is that in your hand?' When he saw it he run down with speed; but the beer was all run out before he got

there.

This occasioned much mirth;

though perhaps they did not well know where to get more."-pp. [x. xi.]

Sir Patrick, we are glad to hear, retained this kindly cheerfulness of character to the last; and, after he was an Earl and Chancellor of Scotland, and unable to stir with gout, had himself carried to the room where his children and grandchildren were dancing, and insisted on beating time with his foot. Nay, when dying, at the advanced age of eighty-four, he could not resist his old propensity to joking, but uttered various pleasantries on the disappointment the worms would meet with, when, after boring through his thick coffin, they would find little but bones.

There is, in the Appendix, besides these narrations, a fierce attack upon Burnet, which is full of inaccuracies and ill temper; and some interesting particulars of Monmouth's imprisonment and execution. We dare say Mr. Rose could publish a volume or two of very interesting tracts; and can venture to predict that his collections will be much more popular than his observations.

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION.

(E. REVIEW, 1809.) Essays on Professional Education. By R. L. Edgeworth, Esq. F.R.S. &c. London. 1809.

THERE are two questions to be asked respecting every new publication-Is

it worth buying? Is it worth borrow- | schools, is, that they devote too large a ing? and we would advise our readers portion of time to Latin and Greek. It is to weigh diligently the importance of true, that the attainment of classical literathese interrogations, before they take ture is highly desirable; but it should not, any decided step as to this work of object of boys during eight or nine years. or rather it need not, be the exclusive Mr. Edgeworth; the more especially as the name carries with it considerable anthority, and seems, in the estimation of the unwary, almost to include the idea of purchase. For our own part. we would rather decline giving a direct answer to these questions; and shall content ourselves for the present with making a few such slight observations as may enable the sagacious to conjectare what our direct answer would be, were we compelled to be more explicit. One great and signal praise we think to be the eminent due of Mr. Edgeworth: in a canting age he does not cant;as a period when hypocrisy and fanatieism will almost certainly insure the Fecess of any publication, he has constantly disdained to have recourse to y such arts;-without ever having been accused of disloyalty or irreligion, he is not always harping upon Church and King, in order to catch at a little and cannot, make sudden alterations. popularity, and sell his books; -he is gested might be, perhaps, to take those "The only remedies that can be sug manly, independent,liberal-and main- boys, who are not intended for professions tains enlightened opinions with discre- in which deep scholarship is necessary, tion and honesty. There is also in away from school before they reach the this work of Mr. Edgeworth, an agree-highest classes, where prosody and Greek such as a man acquires who reads with | able diffusion of anecdote and example, and Latin verses are required. these merits, we cannot say that Mr. intended by men of acknowledged learning thee to talking or writing. With mirable course of instruction has been long Edgeworth is either very new, very and abilities, and pursued by students of profound, or very apt to be right in his uncommon industry, such is the force of and unprejudiced; but we have not inferior in trifles to English universities, been very much instructed by what he that much pains have been lately taken to has written, or always satisfied that he introduce the practice of writing Greek

"Much less time, judiciously managed, would give them an acquaintance with the classics sufficient for all useful purposes, and would make them as good scholars as gentlemen or professional men need to be. It is not requisite that every man should make Latin or Greek verses; therefore a knowledge of

prosody beyond the structure of hexameter and pentameter verses is as worthless an acquisition as any which folly or fashion has introduced amongst the higher classes of mankind. It must indeed be acknowledged that there are some rare exceptions; but even party prejudice would allow, that the persons alluded to must have risen to

eminence though they had never written saphics or iambics. Though preceptors, parents, and the public in general, may be

has got to the bottom of his subject.

On one subject, however, we cor

convinced of the absurdity of making boys spend so much of life in learning what can be of no use to them; such are the difficulties of making any change in the ancient rules of great establishments, that masters themselves, however reasonable, dare not,

"In the college of Dublin, where an ad

established, where this course is super

and Latin verses, and much solicitude has been shown about the prosody of the

learned languages, without any attention

dially agree with this gentleman; and being paid to the prosody of our own. return him our thanks for the courage |

Boarding houses for the scholars at

Eton and Westminster, which are at cessive abuse of classical learning in present mere lodging houses, might be kept England. It is a subject upon which by private tutors, who might, during the we have long wished for an opportunity public classes, assist them in acquiring of saying something; and one which we consider to be of the very highest might be advantageous for their respective

importance.

The principal defect," says Mr. Edge

hours when the boys were not in their

general literature, or such knowledge as

professions.

"New schools, that are not restricted to

worth, in the present system of our great any established routine, should give a fair