If you were to tell [T] a lie, your master would beat [a] you. If thou wert to taste [] the fruit of that tree thou wouldst die [¤ ]. मृ Would the poor Brâhmanas get [] any money if they should beg[] through the town? If my masters saw [] me doing this they would punish [ दण्ड् ] me. A woman whose husband is dead may marry [E with उद् or fa] another even in Kaliyuga. A wife and husband should worship [ ] Agni every day in the house. O father and mother, I gave much money to my sisters that you might be pleased [ ]. Two men talking to each other might easily be suspected [शঙ্কু ] . The two books may be carried [] in two hands. O happy pair! my only wish is that you should enjoy yourselves [ रम् or सुखमनुभू ] in each other's company. चर wwith आ to observe any मनोगत 2 a wish ; a thought. rules of conduct. m. n. f. capable of being known. ज्वर् with सम् 1st conj. Parasm. to be angry (hot), to be afflic ted. दिश with सम् and आ, to order. दुर्दशा f. (दुर् prep. bad, दशा f. state) bad state. दुर्बल m. n. f. weak. m. n. f. standing on the head. m. n. f. soft. रामविवासन 22. (राम m. and विवा Hn. banishment) banishment of Râma. ■* with s, to do, to create, to 10th conj. with qf, to ab command. andon, to leave off. ¿ m. n. f. wise, of fortitude or patience. वृत् with सम्, to become. शप् An. motive, reason, cause. 1st conj. Parasm. and Âtm. faccule m. n. f. devoid of energy, desponding. m. an enemy; m. n. f. preeminent, great; pron, another. प्रमादतः : adv. from carelessness. प्रातर adv. in the morning. बलवत् m. n. f. strong. am. n. f. strong. * m. the name of a person. m. son of Kaikeyî, one of the wives of Das'aratha, and half-brother of Râma. to swear. धा becomes धी before the य of the passive. Company समागम 200. Court of justice न्यायसभा / Easily अर्थात् abl. sing. अनायासेन instr. sing. Poor दीन ... दरिद्र m. n.f. Happy सुखिन् 22. 20. f . सुभग m. nf. Possession वित्त n. Insult निकृति/ मानभङ्ग 22. अवज्ञा /. Wife and husband जायापती "". dual. ¿ m. dual. Irregularities belonging to the 1st, 4th, 6th, and 10th Conjugations (not already noticed.) धूप् 1. 'to protect' Parasm. q' to heat' Parasm. fq=z 'to go' गुप् or 'approach' Parasm. ч Parasm. पण् when it means 'to praise,' is and 'to praise' Parasm. all of the 1st conjugation, have आय् added on to them before the conjugational sign. The 3 of ч takes गुप् its Guņa substitute before this आय्, as गोपायति पणायति &c. आय् optionally retained in the non-conjugational tenses. q and पण् पन् take the Atmanepada terminations when they do not take this 2. भ्राश Atm. भ्लाश Atm & भ्रम्, क्रम्, क्लम्, त्रस्, लघु, and यस् with सम् or without any preposition, all Parasm. belong both to the 1st and to the 4th conjugation, and Parasm. to the 4th and 6th. अ क्रम् त्रुट् 3. The penultimate of is lengthened when it takes Parasmaipada terminations in the conjugational tenses, as for (म्यति ; but Atm., आक्रमते ; similarly कम्, and चम् 1st conj. with आ, lengthen their vowels. 4. अक्षू, and तथ् when it means 'to shave,' belong to the 1st and 5th conjugations. 5. ETI 'to blow,' 'to smell,' ' to think,' 'to go,' when it means 'to run' and 'to cut,' all of the 1st conjugation, substitute in the conjugational tenses y, f,,, and respectively. The last is Atmanepadi in the conjuga tional tenses. 6. The penultimate of is lengthened before the conjugational sign and before any strong or Guna-making termination with an initial vowel, as गूहति• 7. दंश and स Parasm. खञ्ज सञ्ज् Atm. and Parasm. and Atm. all of the 1st conjugation, drop their nasal before the conjugational sign. 8. When a radical ॠ (long) does not undergo Guna or Vriddhi substitute, it is changed to, and to if a labial or a precedes. उर् व् The इ or of these is lengthened when a consonant follows. Thus ज् 4th conj. forms जीर्यति, 6th conj. किरति, and कॄ कीर्तयति &c. कृत् 10th conj. 9. Roots of the 4th conjugation ending in drop it before the conjugational sign ; सो forms स्यति, दो, यति, शो, श्यति, and छो, छ्यति. छिव्, 10. दिव्, व्, शम्, तम्, दुम्, श्रम्, and मद् all of the 4th conjugation, and भ्रम् and क्षम when of the 4th conjugation, lengthen their vowel in the conjugational tenses. भ्रम् has भ्रम्यतेि also. 11. व्यध् 4th conj. is modified into विघ् before the य of that conjugation, as विध्यति 12. The ending इ or उ short or long is changed to इय् or उच् respectively before, the sign of the 6th conjugation (see Rule II. Lesson VII.) as रि—रियति; नू – नुवति ; धू—धुवति into भृज्ज् and - 13. भ्रस्ज् and व्रश्च् both of the 6th conjugation, are modified. वृश्च् in the conjugational tenses ; as भृज्जति, वृश्चति14. लुप्, लिए, खिद्, कृत्, and पिशू all of the Gth conj., insert a nasal before the final in the conjugational tenses ; as लिम्पति• 15. Some roots of the 10th conjugation are exclusively Atmane padi, such as तन्त्र्, चित् भर्स्, मन्त्र, तर्ज्, विद्&c, तन्त्रयते, चेतयते &c. 16. Many roots belong optionally to the 1st or 10th conjugation, such as युज्, पृच्, सह्, वृज्, वृ, नॄ, रिच्, तप्, तृप्, हभ्, अर्ह, &c. योजति, योजयति &c. LESSON II. FIFTH AND EIGHTH CONJUGATIONS. 1. The ten conjugations of the Sanskrit grammarians may be grouped into two classes, the first comprising the 1st, 4th, 6th, and 10th, and the second, the remaining. The general characteristic of the first is that the base* ends in 37 and of the second, that it does not end in 3. General Rules with regard to the Conjugational 2. Before certain terminations, the roots together with the conjugational signs undergo peculiar modifications. With reference to these, we will divide the terminations into two classes, calling one set strong, and the other weak. Parasmaipada. 3. The singulars are strong. Exception.-The singulars of the Potential and the second person singular of the Imperative. 4. The duals and plurals are weak. Exception. The duals and plurals of the Imperative first person. Therefore, the singulars of all Persons of the Present and Imperfect, and the third Person singular and all numbers of the first Person of the Imperative are strong and the rest weak. Atmanepala. 5. All the terminations are weak. Exception.-Those of the first person Imperative, which are strong. 6. Before strong terminations the ending vowel and the penultimate short of the base take their Guna substitute. Present Tense. 7. In the second class of conjugations the Parasmaipada terminations of the Present are the same as those of the first class, but the Atmanepada differ in the following parti culars: (1) The vowel occurring in some of the Âtmanepada इ That form of a noun or a root to which the termination is appended is called the base. |