॥

स्वीयं यशः पौरुषं च गुप्तये कथितं च यत् ।
कृतं यदुपकाराय धर्मज्ञो न प्रकाशयेत् ॥
वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं य एनमजमव्ययम् ।
कथं स पुरुषः पार्थ कं घातयति हन्ति कम् ॥
नैनं छिन्दन्ति शस्त्राणि नैनं दहति पावकः ।
न चैनं क्लेदयन्त्यापो न शोषयति मारुतः ॥
संयोजयति विधैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् ।
समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्यमतः परम् ॥
यादे सत्याभिसंधस्त्वं राजन्रामं प्रवासय ।
नव पञ्च च वर्षाणि निर्जने गहने वने ॥
युधिष्ठिरस्तु कौन्तेयो मयमाहूय सत्वरम् ।
कारयामास वै तेन सभामद्भुतदर्शनाम् ॥
दृष्टिस्तृणीकृतजगत्त्रयसत्त्वसारा
धीरोद्धता नमयतीव गतिर्धरित्रीम् ।
कौमारकेऽपि गिरिवरुतां दधानो

वीरो रसः किमयमेत्युत दर्प एव ॥

The king makes the Brahmanas accept [ ग्रहू the money.

with प्रति]

Vasishtha caused Das' aratha to perform [ यज् ] a sacrifice. The wicked deeds of Bajiraja make us blush [ ही ].

Indra caused Mâtali to bring [ff with ] Arjuna to Heaven in his own car.

He first makes men confide [

with

f] in him, and then destroys [ नश, सद् with अव, or ध्वंस् ] them.

Being commanded [ ज्ञा ] by his Guru, he every day fed

[ चर् ] his cows and made them drink [पा ] water.

* This refers to the soul whether of man or the universe.

+ The causal of the roots is to be used.

He finished [ आप् with his morning devotions, after सम् which he fed [] sixteen Brâhmaņas and then took his own meal.

Râma's going to a forest to live there for fourteen years occasioned [☛ with ] Das'aratha's death.

प्र

Sanjaya made Dhritarâshtra hear [] (told him) what happened on the field of battle, where the Pândavas and the sons of Dhritarâshtra were fighting.

It is fate that sometimes makes brothers and friends fight with each other, and occasionally causes a man even

to cut [f] off his own head.

for

A father should marry [नी with परि, वहु with वि or उत् ] his daughter to a well-behaved young man, of a respectable family and of good education.

The verses that this boy has repeated remind [] me of the times in which I lived on the top of mount Prasravana with my beloved and my brother Lakshmana.

The S'yâparnas went to the sacrifice of Saushadmana, and took their seats within the Vedi, whereupon the king ordered his men to unseat [with] them; they accordingly unseated them. While being unseated, they cried aloud.

VOCABULARY XX.

3 m. n. f. unborn.
m. n. f. not of a sound or
grave mind, little-minded,
impatient.

m. n. f. immutable. m. a certain class of demi

gods.

¶ m. the name of a person.

determina-n. boyhood.

ƒ. promise,

tion,

past part. (used as a substantive) n. a cry.

4th conj. Parasm. to be wet. 1st conj. Parasm. to pine or

waste away.

fa f. walk, gait.

गहन

[nable.

m. n. f. impassable, impreg

1st conj. Parasm. to become m. son of q, name of the

1st conj. Parasm. to blaze, ƒ. disposition.

LESSON XXI.
AORIST.

1. The so-called Aorist expresses simply the completion of an action without reference to any particular time, or a recent or this day's action. It is similar to the English present Perfect, which the student will remember "defines an action as having happened in a portion of time which is not yet expired: it brings a past action into connection with the present time." The Aorist should never be used in narratives.* afa à 77 (Ait. Brâhmana) 'A son has been born to thee'; तदहं तुभ्यमेव ददामि य एवं सत्यमवादी (Ait. Brahmana) 'I give that to thee who hast told the truth';

17 3⁄4y: (Rigveda Samhitâ) 'The bright splendours of the dawn have arisen (begun to appear).'

2. The Aorist is used with the prohibitive particle and has then the sense of the Imperative. The temporal augment is in this case dropped ; as मा त्वं गमः 'Do not go ;' मा नो feeftzaftar q: : 'May He, who is the creator of the

earth, not hurt (kill) us!

3. There are seven varieties of the Aorist. The temporal augment or T is prefixed to the roots in this tense as in the Imperfect.

I.-First Variety.

1. The terminations of the Imperfect are applied to roots with the exception of that of the third person plural, which

if any, is

in this case is उस्· Before उस् the preceding TT, if

dropped.

2. पा 'to drink,' स्था, दा, धा and other roots assuming the

forms of and in virtue of rule 13 p. 73, which is दा

* In the later Sanskrit literature the three past tenses are promiscuously used, no distinction being observed between them.

substituted for इ ‘to go' in the Aorist, and भ्रू 'to be', belong to this variety.

3. The third person plural termination in the case of ✈ is भू अन्; and before the terminations beginning with a vowel a is added on to भू.

4. घ्रा, घे, शो, सो, and छो are conjugated in this way optionally (remember rule 13 p. 73). Their other forms are made up according to the sixth variety. takes the third Aorist also.

5. This variety is Parasmaipadi exclusively. Such of the roots belonging to it, as are Atmanepadi also, take the fourth or fifth variety in that Pada.

उस्=अदुः॰

आ being dropped before उस् by 1 above, we have अद् + उ = अदुः Similarly अस्थुः, अगुः &c.

II.—Second Variety.

1. अ is added on to the root, and then the terminations of the Imperfect of the first class of conjugations are appended.