Imatges de pàgina
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दासीभूतां सर्पाणां जनन्याः सेवां कुर्वतीं स्वमातरं बन्धनान्मुमोच गरुडः ।

तपश्चरन्रावणः स्वीयानि नव शिरांसि शिवायोपायनीचकारेति शृणुमः ।

प्रियतमस्य पुण्डरीकस्य मरणेन सशोकया महाश्वेतया तिरस्कृता विषया दूरीकृतो बान्धवजनोऽङ्गीकृतमरण्ये ऽवस्थानम् । एकः पुरुषः प्रियतमायाः प्रासादस्योपरितनों भूमिं प्रवेष्टुमिच्छुर्वातायनादधोवलम्बमानमहिं रज्जूकृत्यारुरोह ।

उपरते भर्तरि यत्प्राणाः परित्यज्यन्ते तन्मौर्व्यम् । उत्तरा विराटदुहिता बालिका विनयवति धीमति विक्रान्ते च पञ्चत्वमभिमन्यावुपगते ऽपि प्राणान्न जहौ । अन्या अपि सहस्रशः कन्यका अभर्तृमत्यो जाताः सत्यो जीवितानि न तत्यजुरिति श्रूयते ।

Kausalya was the eldest [] of the three wives of Dasaratha, and Kaikeyi the youngest [ युवन् ].

Sita's bodily form was more slender [ तनु ] than Draupadi's. That the greater [ बहु ] is equal to the less [लघु] is absurd. In running, the horse is the swiftest [ आशु ] of all animals. The virtuous [ सद्गुण, पुण्य ] are happy [ सुख ] and deserve respect.

Rukminí was dearer [ प्रिय ] to Krishna than Satyabhama. When one's luck is bad, even his relations become (as if they were) his enemies [ विपक्ष ].

What is he called who has wealth [ वसु ], or fortitude [ धैर्य ], or fame [ यशस्, कीर्ति ], or land [ भूमि ] ? *

All should become as of one mind [ एकचित्त ] and having taken this net should fly off.

Indra was the mightiest [ ओजस्विन् ] and most powerful [ बलिन् ] of all the gods, and therefore they crowned him king.

* The student should answer this question.

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The sense of the original passage is rendered (as if) clear [] by a commentator, and sometimes mystified []. Damayanti was the most beautiful [ सुन्दर, चारु ] of all the women of the time, and the most devoted [mg] to her husband.*

Thy heart has at this moment melted (become as if a liquid) [] through affection.

The bullocks that are fastened to the yokes of carriages are fatter [] than common ones.

O Sîtâ, there is not another woman like thee [], so pure, so simple, and so loving [,

man like me [] so ruthless, and so cruel.

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m. n. a sore or wound.

n. residence.

3⁄4 m. a snake.

m. n. f. wet.

m. n. f. wishing, wisher.

3 f. daughter of a king named Virâţa.

], and not another

ceremonies &c. as a way to

eternal bliss.

m. a quarrel.

m. a bundle, a collection. m. n. f. weak, thin. कृष्णसाहाय्य n. help of Krishna. 1st conj. Parasm. with , to cross, to go over, to transgress.

क्रम्

m. n. f. small, mean.

TEE M. an eagle, the bird of that species used by Vishņu as his car.

f. matted hair.

39fa7 m. n. f. what is above. n. life.

37 n. a present.

ज्ञानमार्ग m. (ज्ञान n. knowledge,

मार्ग m. m. n. f. of one mind. एकमनस् m. the hair.

कर्मपथ m. (कर्मन् action, and पथिन् a way) way of action, i. e. the performance of religious

Loc. or Gen.

a way) the knowledge of God as a way to

eternal bliss.

m. a male child, son. f. splendour.

m. n. f. firm, strong.
n. final beatitude.

qfiqz m. a master, owner.

gʊzî m. a proper name, lotus flower.

q m. n. f. large, great.

a

n. restraint, imprisonment. ♡ ƒ. a girl.

ब्रह्मवर्चसिन्
qifaq m. n. f. illumined by
the Vedas, possessing the

splendour conferred by the
practice of the Vedic rites.

भक्तिमार्ग भक्ति
m. (f. love, devotion,
and m. a way) devotion
मार्ग

to or love of God as a way to
eternal bliss.

m. n. f. much, mighty. m. n. f. middle; n. waist. मन्दभाग्यता / ( मन्द dull, भाग्य

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Tn. secrecy, solitariness, a
secret; adv. secretly, solitarily.
m. n. ƒ. small.
qyq n. the body.
fam. n. f. courageous, pos-
sessing prowess.
faƒ. capacity to in-
spire confidence.

fam. objects giving sensual
pleasure.

fч m. a proper name.
fatam. extent.

वृत्तान्तश्रवण 2. ( वृत्तान्त m. history,

account, n. hearing) श्रवण

hearing of history or account.

fortune, मन्दभाग्य one who is | वेणि-वेणी f. braided hair. unfortunate) misfortune.

n. a kind of flower.

महाश्वेता f. name of the daughter शुचि m. n. f. pure.

of a Gandharva.

volent.

m. possibility, probability.

m. n. f. very bene-n. water.

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सशोक m. nf. ( स with, शोक m.

sorrow) afflicted with sorrow. सहस्रशः adv. by thousands. f. wife of Arjuna.

सुभद्रा

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Absurd अयुक्त past part अनुपपन्न | Bad प्रतिकूल m. m.f.

past part.

[ƒ.

Bodily form तनु f. वपुष् " आकृति

”.

Commentator टीकाकार "". टीका | Net जाल ".

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Pure विशुद्धशील m. n.f.

Common साधारण ... सामान्य | Relation

बन्धु m2. बन्धुजन m.

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sufa m. Rukmiņî

[shna.

qft ƒ. wife of Kri

Fastened नियुक्त past pass. part.; | Running विद्रवण ".

yft faya:

Kaikeyif. name of one of the wives of Das'aratha. Kausalyâ कौसल्या f. name of one of the wives of Das'aratha.

Moment क्षण m.

Ruthless form. n. f.

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Satyabhâmâƒ. name of one of the wives of Krishna.

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LESSON XVIII.
COMPOUNDS.

Dvandva (Copulative) and Tatpurusha (Determinative). I. 1. In Sanskrit one simple noun* may be compounded with another, and this compound with a third or another compound; or several nouns may be compounded together simultaneously. In this manner we may have a compound consisting of any number of simple words. According to the sense or manner in which nouns are thus put together, compounds are divided into several classes.† A compound of the class called Dvandva consists of nouns which, if not compounded, would be joined by the copulative particle; as रामश्च कृष्णश्च = रामकृष्णौः रामश्च लक्ष्मणश्च भरतश्च शत्रुघ्नश्व =रामलक्ष्मणभरतशत्रुघ्नाः

2. a. When the compound consists of two nouns, each being understood to be singular, it takes the dual; and the plural, when it contains more than two nouns. b. The gen

* I. e. A substantive, adjective, or an indeclinable word (44).

+ It should by no means be supposed that any noun may be compounded with any other in any sense. The Sanskrit idiom allows of certain compounds only and not others. Ignorant persons not knowing this put forth as Sanskrit what is by no means so. Many minute rules have been given by the grammarians, some of which are reproduced in the text. Practically the usage of the best authors is the safest guide.

der of the final noun is the gender of the whole; as कुक्कुटमयूc. A Dvandva compound is singular

र्याविमे, मयूरीकुकुटाविमौ

and neuter when it implies an aggregate or when the things enumerated constitute one complex idea, as आहारनिद्राभयम्. This may be called 'the collective species' of Dvandva. When a compound consists of words signifying insects, limbs of the body of an animal, parts of an army, objects between which there is a natural antipathy, or of common names not denoting an animal, it is always of this nature; as yħfou¤, पाणिपादम्, रथिकाश्वरोहम्, अहिनकुलम्, धानाशष्कुलि. In other cases this construction depends on the will of the speaker. 3. A word ending in and implying blood-relationship

or some kind of learning, changes this vowel to when followed by another word ending in ॠ or by पुत्र, as होतापोतारौ, मातापितरौ, पितापुत्रौ.

4. When a collective Dvandva compound ends in a letter of the palatal class, or,, or, the vowel is added on to अ it; as वाक्त्वचम् त्वक्त्रजम् शर्माहिषदम् वाक्त्विषम्, छत्रोपानहम्. When it is not collective the अ is not added, as in प्रावृट्शरदौ

II. 1. A compound of the Tatpurusha class consists of two members, the first of which determines the sense of the other,* or is attributive to it. The attributive member may have the meaning of a case, or may be used in apposition to the other, and consist, in this latter case, of an adjective or a substantive. The former we will call an inflectional compound, and the latter an appositional (named Karmadhâraya in Sanskrit Grammars); as राज्ञः पुरुषः = राजपुरुषः (inflectional), गम्भीरो नादः=गम्भीरनादः (app.), पुरुषो व्याघ्र इव = पुरुषव्याघ्रः (app.).

2. There are six varieties of the first species, corresponding to the six oblique cases:—

a. A noun in the accusative case is compounded with (1) f अतीत, पतित, गत, अत्यस्त, प्राप्त, आपन्न; as कृष्णं श्रितः = कृष्णश्रितः, दुःखमापन्नः=दुःखापन्नः, स्वर्गं गतः–स्वर्गगतः

(2) When the accusative expresses the duration of a continu

* In a few cases the attributive member is placed after the other.

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