The Orchids of New England: A Popular MonographJohn Wiley & Sons, 1884 - 158 pàgines |
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Frases i termes més freqüents
acaule Amherst anther anther-cells anther-lid Aplectrum Arethusa attached base bees blossoms botanist Botany Brattleboro Bristol Brunswick Burlington Calopogon Calypso caudicle cernua Charlotte clinandrum color column Concord Coral-root Corallorhiza Cypripedium Darwin drum-like pedicel elastic threads England Exeter Farmington fertilization Fitchburg flowers Franconia Fringed-Orchis genus Gilmanton gland Goodyera Granby green Habenaria Hanover Hartford Haven Hebron honey Hookeri hyperborea insect Kingston labellum leaf leaves Liparis Listera Listera cordata Litchfield Malaxis Malaxis paludosa Malden Manchester masses membrane Middlebury Monson moths nectary Norwich ophioglossoides Orchids Orchis family Orchis spectabilis Orono ovary Peacham Pink plant Pogonia pollen pollen-grains pollen-masses pollinia pollinium proboscis psycodes pubescens removed repens Rockland Rockport root rostellum Rutland says Gray scape sepals sepals and petals side solid bulb Southwick species specimens spike Spiranthes spur stalk stamen stem stigma stigmatic surface upper Vermont viridis viscid discs viscid matter W'mstown whorl Windsor Yellow Lady's Slipper
Passatges populars
Pàgina 26 - Orchids far more than any other two of them do from each other," adding, " an enormous amount of extinction must have swept away a multitude of intermediate forms, and left this genus, now widely distributed, as a record of a former and •more simple state of the great Orchidean order.
Pàgina 120 - Gradation of Organs," he traces the development of the caudicle or stem of the pollen-mass in the different genera. " As I find that chloroform has a peculiar and energetic action on the caudicles of all Orchids, and likewise on the glutinous FIG. 38. — RATTLE-SNAKE PLANTAINS. Goodyera pubescens. Goodyera repens. matter which envelopes the pollen-grains in Cypripedium and which can be drawn out into threads, we may suspect that in this latter genus — the least differentiated in structure of...
Pàgina 60 - Muller adds in his account, the groove of the lip is secreting fresh honey), but becomes quite straight and parallel to the stigmatic surface. The downward movement of the rostellum protects the stigmas of the young flowers of a plant from impregnation, and the upward movement leaves the stigmatic surface of older flowers, now rendered more adhesive, perfectly free for pollen to be left on it. The pollen-masses, once cemented to an insect's forehead, will remain attached until brought into contact...
Pàgina 42 - ... tail, just beyond the drum. The stalk is thus united to the viscid disc in a plane at right angles. The drum-like pedicel is of the highest importance, not only by rendering the viscid disc more prominent, but on account of its power of contraction. The pollinia lie inclined backward in their cells, above and some way on each side of the stigmatic surface : if attached in this position to the head of an insect, the insect might visit any number of flowers and no pollen be left," the pollinia...
Pàgina 20 - ... viscid disc of pollinium. A. Side view of flower, with all the petals and sepals cut off except the labellum, of which the near half is cut away, as well as the upper portion of the near side of the nectary. B. Front view of flower, with all sepals and petals removed, except the labellum. C. One pollinium, showing the packets of pollen-grains, the caudicle, and viscid disc.
Pàgina 106 - ... abounds all over the eastern half of North America ; but in Europe it is known only in a few bogs in county Cork, where the ardour of modern botanists is rapidly putting an end to its brief European career. This case presents some features of peculiar interest, because the Irish specimens seem to have been settled in the country for a very long period, sufficient to have set up an incipient tendency towards the evolution of a new species : for they had so far varied before their first discovery...
Pàgina 7 - ... is confluent with the pistils, and they form together the column. Ordinary stamens consist of a filament, or supporting thread (rarely seen in British Orchids), which carries the anther ; and within the anther lies the pollen or male vivifying element. The anther is divided into two cells, which are very distinct in most Orchids, so much so as to appear in some species like two separate anthers.
Pàgina 25 - As certain moths of Madagascar became larger through natural selection in relation to their general conditions of life, either in the larval or mature state, or as the proboscis alone was lengthened to obtain honey from the...
Pàgina 44 - Supposing a pollinium to be attached to the head of an insect and to have become depressed, it will stand at the proper angle vertically for striking the stigma. But from the lateral position of the anther-cells, notwithstanding that they converge a little toward their upper ends, it is difficult to see at first how the pollinia when removed are afterward placed on the stigma ; for this is of small size and is situated in the middle of the flower between the two widely separated discs.
Pàgina 46 - Orchids, that flowers shaped like bees, flies, etc., were formed for the express purpose of attracting these insects, but that certain colors are more attractive than others is a well settled point. Sir John Lubbock considers blue the most attractive ; Miiller states that in the Alps it is yellow rather than white. An article in Nature (March 22, 1883) gives abstracts from papers read before a meeting of the Linnsean Society, from which I have made the following extracts — it must be noted that...