poets, Bloomfield seems to have been the most intent on studying good models, and attaining to correct and lucid composition. A prose work, Shakspeare and his Sonnets, by Mr Massey, is ingenious and well written. Conclusion of Babe Christabel. In this dim world of clouding cares, We rarely know, till wildered eyes And thou hast stolen a jewel, Death! Shall light thy dark up like a star, Through tears it gleams perpetually, And glitters through the thickest glooms, To light us o'er the jasper sea. With our best branch in tenderest leaf, We've strewn the way our Lord doth come; His reapers bind our ripest sheaf. Our beautiful bird of light hath fled : Awhile she sat with folded wings- Then straightway into glory sped. And white-winged angels nurture her; wards Lord Houghton. Gray was born on the banks of the Luggie,* and reared in the house of his father, a handloom weaver at Merkland, near Kirkintilloch. David was one of a large family, but he was intended for the church, and sent to Glasgow, where he supported himself by teaching, and attended classes in the university for four seasons. The youth, however, was eager for literary fame; he had written thousands of verses, and published from time to time pieces in the Glasgow Citizen, a journal in which Alexander Smith had also made his first appearance in all the glory of print. In his twenty-second year Gray started off for London, as ambitious and selfconfident, and as friendless as Chatterton when he left Bristol on a similar desperate mission. Friends, however, came forward. Gray had corresponded, with Sydney Dobell and Mr Monckton Milnes, and he became acquainted with Mr Lawrence Oliphant, and with two accomplished ladies -Miss Coates, Hampstead, and Miss Marian James, an authoress of considerable reputation. Assistance in money and counsel was freely given, but consumption set in, and the poor poet, having longed to return to his native place, was carefully sent back to Merkland. There he wrought hopefully at his poems, and when winter came, it was arranged that he should remove to the south of England. Mr Milnes, the kind ladies at Hampstead, and some Scottish friends With heaven's white radiance robed and crowned, (Mrs Nichol, widow of Professor Nichol, Mr Wil And all love's purple glory round, She summers on the hills of myrrh. Through childhood's morning-land, serene She walked betwixt us twain, like love; Her better angel walked unseen, Till life's highway broke bleak and wild; To the great ocean; on whose shore And aye we seek and hunger on For precious pearls and relics rare, In Gilead! Love doth ever shed To the beloved going hence. God's ichor fills the hearts that bleed; The best fruit loads the broken bough; And in the wounds our sufferings plough, Immortal love sows sovereign seed. liam Logan, and others), supplied the requisite A Winter Scene. How beautiful! afar on moorland ways, bank, and shortly afterwards loses itself among the shadows of Of limber bees that in the monkshood bells Out in the snowy dimness, half revealed, The young poet received this specimen page as 'good news, and said he could now subside tranquilly without tears' into his eternal rest. A monument was erected to his memory at Kirkintilloch in 1865, Mr Henry Glassford Bell, the sheriff of Glasgow, delivering an interesting speech on the occasion. The monument bears the following inscription, from the pen of Lord Houghton: This monument of affection, admiration, and regret, is erected to DAVID GRAY, the poet of Merkland, by friends from far and near, desirous that his grave should be remembered amid the scenes of his rare genius and early death, and by the Luggie, now numbered with the streams illustrious in Scottish song. Born 29th January 1838; died 3d December 1861.' Three of the most active of the literary friends of David Gray-namely, Lord Houghton, Mr Hedderwick (the accomplished and affectionate biographer of the poet), and Sheriff Bell (whose latest literary task was editing a new edition of Gray's Poems)—have borne testimony to the rich though immature genius of this young poet, and to the pure and noble thoughts which fired his ambition, and guided his course through the short period of his life. Besides his principal poem, The Luggie, Gray wrote a series of Sonnets entitled In the Shadows, which are no less touching than beautiful in composition, and greatly superior to the poetry of Michael Bruce, written under similarly affecting circumstances. An Autumnal Day. Beneath an ash in beauty tender leaved, And through whose boughs the glimmering sunshine flowed In rare ethereal jasper, making cool A chequered shadow in the dark green grass, That knew my boyish footsteps; and to sing Thy pastoral beauty, Luggie, into fame. If it must be that I Die young. If it must be; if it must be, O God! In unescutcheoned privacy, my bones Shall crumble soon-then give me strength to bear I tremble from the edge of life to dare All Fair Things at their Death the Fairest. Why are all fair things at their death the fairest ? Beauty, the beautifullest in decay? Why doth rich sunset clothe each closing day With ever new apparelling the rarest ? Why are the sweetest melodies all born Of pain and sorrow? Mourneth not the dove, In the green forest gloom, an absent love? Leaning her breast against that cruel thorn, Doth not the nightingale, poor bird, complain And integrate her uncontrollable woe To such perfection, that to hear is pain? Thus Sorrow and Death-alone realitiesSweeten their ministration, and bestow On troublous life a relish of the skies! Spring. Now, while the long-delaying ash assumes Or as on stately pinion, through the gray THOMAS RAGG THOMAS COOPER. Two other poets sprung from the people, and honourably distinguished for self-cultivation, merit notice. THOMAS RAGG was born in Nottingham in 1808. In 1833 he issued his first publication, The Incarnation, and other Poems, being at that time engaged in a lace-factory. The Incarnation was part of a philosophical poem on The Deity, and was published for the purpose of ascertaining whether means could be obtained for the publication of the whole. In consequence of favourable critical notices, two gentlemen in the west of England-whose names deserve to be recorded-Mr Mann of Andover, and Mr Wyatt of Stroud, offered to become responsible for the expenses of bringing out The Deity, and the then venerable James Montgomery undertook to revise the manuscript. It was published in 1834 with considerable success. In 1835 he produced The Martyr of Verulam, and other Poems; in 1837, Lyrics from the Pentateuch; in 1840, Heber and other Poems; in 1847, Scenes and Sketches; in 1855, Creation's Testimony to its Author; and in 1858, Man's Dreams and God's Realities. The poet had been successively newspaper reporter and bookseller; but in 1858 Dr Murray, Bishop of Rochester, offered him ordination in the church, and he is now vicar of Lawley, near Wellington, Salop. The Earth full of Love.-From 'Heber?' The earth is full of love, albeit the storms Of passion mar its influence benign, And drown its voice with discords. Every flower That to the sun its heaving breast expands Is born of love. And every song of bird That floats, mellifluent, on the balmy air, Is but a love-note. Heaven is full of love; Its starry eyes run o'er with tenderness, And soften every heart that meets their gaze, As downward looking on this wayword world They light it back to God. But neither stars, Nor flowers, nor song of birds, nor earth, nor heaven, So tell the wonders of that glorious name, As they shall be revealed, when comes the hour Of nature's consummation, hoped-for long, When, passed the checkered vestibule of time, The creature in immortal youth shall bloom, And good, unmixed with ill, for ever reign. THOMAS COOPER, 'the Chartist,' while confined in Stafford jail, 1842-44, wrote a poem in the Spenserian stanza, entitled The Purgatory of Suicides, which evinces poetical power and fancy, and has gone through several editions. This work was published in 1845; and the same year Mr Cooper issued a series of prose tales and sketches, Wise Saws and Modern Instances. In the following year he published The Baron's Yule Feast, a Christmas Rhyme. Though addressed, like the Corn-law Rhymes of Elliott, to the working-classes, and tinged with some jaundiced and gloomy views of society, there is true poetry in Mr Cooper's rhymes. The following is a scrap of landscape-painting-a Christmas scene: How joyously the lady bells Shout, though the bluff north breeze And though the brooklets freeze, While sun-smiles throw o'er stalks and stems The bard would gloze who said their sheen All brightest gauds that man hath seen In 1848 Mr Cooper became a political and historical lecturer, set up cheap political journals, which soon died, and wrote two novels, Alderman Ralph, 1853, and The Family Feud, 1854. He was tinged with infidel opinions, but these he renounced, and commenced a course of Sunday evening lectures and discussions in support of Christianity. He has also written an account of his Life, which has reached a third edition. LORD JOHN MANNERS-HON. MR SMYTHE. A series of poetical works, termed 'Young England' or 'Tractarian Poetry' appeared in 1840 and 1841. England's Trust, and other Poems, by LORD JOHN MANNERS; Historic Fancies, by the HON. MR SMYTHE (afterwards Lord Strangford); The Cherwell Water Lily, &c., by the REV. F. W. FABER. The chief object of these works was to revive the taste for feudal feeling and ancient sports, combined with certain theological and political opinions characteristic of a past age. The works had poetical and amiable feeling, but were youthful, immature productions; and Lord John Manners must have regretted the couplet which we here print in Italics, and which occasioned no small ridicule : No; by the names inscribed in History's page, Lord John has since applied himself to politics. He held office in the Conservative administrations from 1852 to 1867, and again in Mr Disraeli's administration of 1874, being appointed Postmaster-general. His lordship is author also of Notes of an Irish Tour, 1849; English Ballads and other Poems, 1850; A Cruise in Scotch Waters; and several pamphlets on religious and political questions. Lord Strangford (the seventh viscount) also took a part in public affairs, and promised to become an able debater, but ill health withdrew him from both politics and literature. He died in 1857, at the age of forty. CHARLES MACKAY. Among the authors of the day, uniting political sympathies and aspirations with lyrical poetry, is DR CHARLES MACKAY. Some of his songs are familiar as household words both in this country and in America, and his influence as an apostle or minstrel of social reform and the domestic affections must have been considerable. Dr Mackay commenced his literary career in 1834, in his twentieth year, by the publication of a small volume of poems. Shortly afterwards he became connected with the Morning Chronicle daily journal, and continued in this laborious service for nine years. In 1840, he published The Hope of the World, a poem in verse of the style of Pope and Goldsmith. In 1842 appeared The Salamandrine, a poetical romance founded on the Rosicrucian system, which supplied Pope with the inimitable aërial personages of his Rape of the Lock. The Salamandrine is the most finished of Dr Mackay's works, and has passed through several editions. From 1844 to 1847, our author conducted a Scottish newspaper, the Glasgow Argus; and while resident in the north, he received the honorary distinction of LL.D. from the university of Glasgow. Returning to London, he resumed his connection with the metropolitan press, and was for several years editor of the Illustrated London News, in the columns of which many of his poetical pieces first appeared. His collected works, in addition to those already enumerated, consist of Legends of the Isles, 1845; Voices from the Crowd, 1846; Voices from the Mountains, 1847; Town Lyrics, 1848; Egeria, or the Spirit of Nature, 1850; The Lump of Gold, &c. 1856; Songs for Music, 1857; Under Green Leaves, 1858; A Man's Heart, 1860; Studies from the Antique, 1864, &c. Some prose works have also proceeded from the pen of Dr Mackay-The Thames and its Tributaries, two volumes, 1840; Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, two volumes, 1852; &c. In 1852, Dr Mackay made a tour in America, and delivered a course of lectures on Poetry, which he has repeated in this country. His transatlantic impressions he has embodied in two volumes of lively description, bearing the title of Life and Liberty in America. The poet, we may add, is a native of Perth, born in 1814, while his father, an officer in the army, was on recruiting service. He was in infancy removed to London, and five years of his youth were spent in Belgium. Apologue from Egeria. In ancient time, two acorns, in their cups, Ah me! most wretched! rain, and frost, and dew, And thus the acorn made its daily moan. The other raised no murmur of complaint, And looked with no contempt upon the grass, Nor called the branching fern a worthless weed, Nor scorned the woodland flowers that round it blew. All silently and piously it lay Upon the kindly bosom of the earth. It blessed the warmth with which the noonday sun The dormouse, and the chaffinch, and the jay, Love New and Old. And were they not the happy days When earth was robed in heavenly light, And all creation sung? When gazing in my true love's face, 81 I guessed the secrets of her heart, And are they not the happy days Song-Tubal Cain. Old Tubal Cain was a man of might In the days when Earth was young; And he lifted high his brawny hand On the iron glowing clear, Till the sparks rushed out in scarlet showers, Hurra for the hand that shall wield them well, To Tubal Cain came many a one, As he wrought by his roaring fire, And each one prayed for a strong steel blade And he made them weapons sharp and strong, And gave him gifts of pearl and gold, And they sang: 'Hurra for Tubal Cain, But a sudden change came o'er his heart And Tubal Cain was filled with pain He saw that men, with rage and hate, Made war upon their kind, That the land was red with the blood they shed, And he said: 'Alas! that ever I made, Or that skill of mine should plan, The spear and the sword for men whose joy And for many a day old Tubal Cain Sat brooding o'er his woe; And his hand forebore to smite the ore, 'Not alone for the blade was the bright steel made;' And he fashioned the first ploughshare. And men, taught wisdom from the past, In friendship joined their hands, Hung the sword in the hall, the spear on the wall, And ploughed the willing lands; And sang: Hurra for Tubal Cain! Our staunch good friend is he; And for the ploughshare and the plough To him our praise shall be. But while oppression lifts its head, Or a tyrant would be lord, Though we may thank him for the plough, 449 PHILIP JAMES BAILEY-RICHARD HENRY HORNE. PHILIP JAMES BAILEY was born at Basford, county of Nottingham, in 1816. He was educated in his native town and at Glasgow University, after which he studied for the bar. In 1819 he produced his first and greatest poem, Festus, subsequently enlarged, and now in its fifth edition. The next work of the poet was The Angel World, 1850, which was followed in 1855 by The Mystic, and in 1858 Mr Bailey published The Age, a Colloquial Satire. All of these works, excepting the last, are in blank verse, and have one tendency and object-to describe the history of a divinely instructed mind or soul, soaring upwards to communion with the universal life.' With the boldness of Milton, Mr Bailey passes 'the flaming bounds of space and time,' and carries his Mystic even into the presence of the 'fontal Deity.' His spiritualism and symbolical meanings are frequently incomprehensible, and his language crude and harsh, with affected archaisms. Yet there are fragments of beautiful and splendid imagery in the poems, and a spirit of devotional rapture that has recommended them to many who rarely read poetry. The Colloquial Satire is a failure -mere garrulity and slipshod criticism. war: Thus of Of all conceits misgrafted on God's Word, A Christian soldier's duty is to slay, Those men whose souls he prays for night and day; He's told to love his enemies; don't scoff; By, and he therefore blows them from a gun; We may contrast this doggerel with a specimen of Mr Bailey's ambitious blank verse, descriptive of the solitary, mystic recluse, dwelling 'lion-like within the desert:' Lofty and passionless as date-palm's bride, In vital and ethereal thought abstract, Or the following fine lines from Festus: We live in deeds, not years, in thoughts, not breaths; In feelings, not in figures on a dial. We should count time by heart-throbs. He most lives Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. Love is the happy privilege of the mind- To life-to virtue one-and one to bliss: From these three principles doth every deed, Desire, and will, and reasoning, good or bad, come; Hail! air of love, by which we live! How sweet, how fragrant! Spirit, though unseenVoid of gross sign-is scarce a simple essence, Immortal, immaterial, though it be. One only simple essence liveth-God- In 1867 Mr Bailey added to his poetical works a production in the style of his early Muse, entitled The Universal Hymn. RICHARD HENRY HORNE, born in London in 1803, commenced active life as a midshipman in the Mexican navy. When the war between Mexico and Spain had ceased, Mr Horne returned to England and devoted himself to literature. He is the author of several dramatic pieces -Cosmo de Medici, 1837; The Death of Marlowe, 1838; and Gregory the Seventh, 1840. In 1841 he produced a Life of Napoleon; and in 1843, Orion, an Epic Poem, the most successful of his works, of which the ninth edition is now (1874) before us. In 1844 Mr Horne published two volumes of prose sketches entitled A New Spirit |