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THIRTEENTH-CENTURY TENEMENTS IN

and land belonging to Segrim son of Robert, or Robilet, next a solar and cellar which were 'hard by the church,' 'in the angle, at the entry of St. Aldate's churchyard,' and which had on the south (towards the royal way,' i. e. the way just inside the city wall) another solar1. I take à Wood to mean that, the 'magna domus Segrim' being represented by Broadgates Hall, the Almshouse is on the site of Richard Segrim's house 'in the churchyard' and of the house of Segrim Robertson, or of the latter only. The churchyard, there is reason to think, was once larger than it is now and may have included part of the Almshouse site, which formerly projected more to the north, almost touching the dwellings pulled down in 1834. The house at the south-east corner, within two yards of the Almshouse, is depicted in Turner's water-colour in the National Gallery, and (as seen through Tom gateway) in C. Natte's drawings, 1804. Mr. Clark marks the Almshouse site as 'Segrim's Houses.' It would seem, however, from the St. Frideswyde Cartulary that somewhere in this corner is the locality of a messuage in St. Aldate's parish demised by the Priory,

1 The solar belonged to a certain Renewant, and was originally one with the solar and cellar. The latter was granted, c. 1210-20, by Henry, son of Simeon, to Warine the smith, son of Payne, the carrier of Abingdon, at a rent of 45. (Charter 262). Warine soon after gave his interest to the Canons (Ch. 263); but, c. 1240-50, John Pilet gave them a rent of 8d. arising out of this tenement (Ch. 440). The Prior and Convent, before 1228, demised it to Henry Virunfrom whom it was subsequently named-for a rent of 135. 4d. (one silver mark), and a consideration (Ch. 264). He let it, c. 1230-40, to William Dodeman, at a rent of 10s., William and his heirs to receive the water coming from the aforesaid solar (Ch. 265). At a later date it was held by Ralph le Plomer. On one side of this property was the land of Robert Chacchefravis (out of which he gave a rent of 2s. to St. John's Hospital), and beyond that William Lowedin's land. Next also to Robert Chachefrais' house was Walter Patyn's 'close to the churchyard'; and beyond that John de Marisco's. All these were in St. Aldate's parish (Wood, MS. D. 2, foll. 166-7). On a third side of the Virun cellar and solar Reginald the baker lived (Charter 262). It is not easy to group these properties, so as to give to each access to the street. The fixed points are the 'Via regia' and the angle of the churchyard at the entry.' The rubrick of Charter 262 speaks of a 'domus angularis' connected with the 'Viron & Renneuant' tenement. There may have been an entry to the churchyard at the north-east corner, but it is quite impossible to locate these properties on the north side of the church. Walter Patyn's house, hard by the churchyard, is scarcely any clue to the others. Agnes, his relict, and Joan, his daughter, granted it to Walter Haringer, who gave it to the Master and Brethren of St. John's Hospital, they paying 6d. yearly to the heirs of Walter Patyn, and on behalf of those heirs 16d. to the lord in chief, and 2d. to the church of St. Aldate. He also gave another messuage, once Peter the Turner's, in St. Ebbe's parish, whence the Hospital was to pay 25. yearly to Benedict Kepeharme's heirs, and for him and his heirs 25. to St. Abba's church, so vizt. that if the same Walter de Haringe should return safe from his pilgrimage to Jerusalem, having taken the cross, the aforesaid messuages should return to him 'soluta et quieta' for his life, and after his death should remain with the Brethren, they doing

THE ANGLE OF THE CHURCHYARD.

C. 1215-25, to Henry Juvenis-who gave his name to Vine Halland described as being at the corner as you go from our churchyard towards St. Aldate's church on the left near the highway.' I take it, at any rate, that Richard Segrym's messuage was in the south-west angle 2,

the aforesaid service to the capital lords. He also gave other lands to the Hospital 'sub sigillo viridi cum cruce.' This was in the mayoralty of Peter Torald, who witnessed (Wood, MS. D. 2, foll. 166, 167).

It may have been thus :

In which case it was out of the son of Robert Segrym's rather than out of Richard Segrym's house that Broadgates Hall grew. The site where I have placed Patyn's house in the plan is described later as 'juxta cimiterium,' and belonged to St. John's Hospital; but was not this through Robert Mignot's gift? See page 39.

1 Charter 269 in Mr. Wigram's edition of the Cartulary. Charter 270 is the demise to John de Weston, about the same date, of a messuage in St. Aldate's parish 'at the corner as you go from our churchyard towards South Gate on the left.' St. Aldate's parish is bounded by St. Aldate's Street. Wood (MS. D. 2, fol. 165) gives a charter of quitclaim whereby Martin de Chacombe gave up to St. John's Hospital his right in the tenement situate in St. Aldate's parish hard by the churchyard, 'vizt. in the corner as you go from the said church to the hall called le Bollehall.' It is beyond doubt that Bole Hall was to the north or north-east of the church. In 1302 Warin Davidson gives up his right in the same. About 1240 Richard Segrym gave the Priory a tenement, rented at 45., 'in suburbio' outside South Gate beneath the wall, towards the Friars Minors (Charter 219). This would be in the present Brewers Street. Walter de Oseney was afterwards the tenant. In the map at the end of Mr. Wigram's Cartulary some other properties have been localized to the south of St. Aldate's churchyard; but dubiously.

* ' In angulo,' not 'in cornerio.' Since, at any rate, the fifteenth century there has been a very large building at the south-east corner. But everything points to

the other corner. Wood had doubtless something to go upon. For 'Segrave

A HOUSE FOR NOVICES.

the site afterwards of Broadgates Hall. It was valued in 1278 at 20s.1

It is likely enough that when this came to be a possession of the canons of St. Frideswyde they should have made it a hostel for students. A house given them by Richard Segrym in Schidyerd Street (a rose being the rent) is found in 1278 inhabited by clerks, as Ride or Bedell Hall. To this purpose most of the conventual properties round St. Aldate's were put. Wood, however, is more or less guessing when he says of the 'magna domus' that 'this hall of Broadgate was alwaies and while it was termed Segrim Hall possessed by schollers;' 'it was inhabited by Clerks in the time of the said Mr. Richard Segrim, if not before ';' and his reasons for supposing that it was a place before (and perhaps after) the Norman Conquest wherein the Novices of that Priory received their first or juvenile learning' are not very convincing. 'Their register, wrot in the beginning of Edward I [1272], tells us that it did of old belong to their priory and that they had time out of mind and not to be found in record a certaine quitt rent thence; which expressions, togeather with that note inserted in St. Aldate's Church making that Church to be a monastery, hath alwaies given me to suppose that it was a religious place, and where they formerly nursed up their novices". But, as a note in Gutch's edition of the Annals points out, ' monastery was the Saxon word for a church.' 'The word minster,' writes Mr. Parker', 'is often used simply in the sense of a church with a priest or priests attached.' But à Wood seizes on the name in order to build up a theory of a community of students, prepared here as in a cloister for both (he says elsewhere 3) 'S. Frid. and Abendon Monasteries.' Abingdon is added on the authority of Twyne:

'Quamobrem monasterium diceretur (nisi forte quod novitiis AbendoniHall' he refers to Twyne, xxii. 254, and Charter 9 (?). See also Wood's Life and Times, ed. Clark, Oxford Historical Society, iv. 309, for 'Segrym Hall.'

1 'Itm Prior et Convent. Sce Fredeswid tenet unu ten' cũ ptin q' eis dedit Ric. Segrym in ppetā. elem. sin' aliquo redditu & valz xls. p. ann.' (Hundred Rolls, p. 788).

2 Mr. James Parker, M.A., writes to me: 'Wood, Ayliffe, &c., held briefs for the antiquity of the University, and every straw was seized. And, because a building was a Hall for students in the fifteenth century, therefore what was on its site was a Hall for students in the eleventh.' 3 City, i. 565. 5 Ibid. City, i. 563. 'In Scripts, written in the time of King Henry I, stiled a Monastery,' Gutch, iii. 614. See the Abingdon Chronicle (Rolls Series), vol. ii. p. 174. Early History of Oxford, Oxford Historical Society, p. 292, n.

* Gutch, iii. 614.

* Peshall, p. 145. At Wood's City (ed. Clark, Oxford Historical Society), ii. 35, n. 2, Twyne is quoted for excluding the Abingdon novices.

RICHARD SEGRYM.

ensis coenobii monachis illic in academia recipiendis instituendisque de more inserviret) haud in promptu esse opinor '.'

The two Houses presented a parson to St. Aldate's by turns. Considering the immemorial antiquity of some of our cathedral schools, there is no impossibility in Wood's theory.

Something more should be said of Richard Segrym. His name is of constant occurrence in the charters. He had a brother Henry 2, their father Richard3, a burgher of Oxford, holding land of the Priory in St. Aldate's parish, afterwards conveyed by the canons to Henry. Richard the elder deceased before 1230, and may be the same as a Segrym the Weaver mentioned c. 1220-30. His father was probably Henry Fitzsegrym, provost with John Kepeharme before 1154, and also with William Wakeman in Ralph Pady's time". The Henry whose name appears as witness in 1194 may be the grandson. The next ascending progenitor is said by à Wood to have been Segrim a clerk, called Segrim the Deacon, who was living in 1138. But Segrimus a clerk' held land in Oxford about 1180. The former is identified by Wood with Segrim son of Robert, or Robelot, who lived near the entry of St. Aldate's churchyard. But Robert's son was alive c. 1210-20. We also find an Alice, daughter of Segrim,' who had a son Gilbert"; Segrim Bywall (juxta murum 8), 1129, whose house near the north gate was granted to Oseney Abbey at its foundation, the confirmation of the charter of which he witnessed with Robert and Nigell D'Oilly and Robert Bishop of Lincoln ; and one Peter Segrym of Yechslep (Islip), who at the Eyre of 1285 was, with thirty-seven others, presented by the jury for illegal fishing 'with Kydell and Starkell' (the former a kind of faggot). The offenders, who included the two abbots and the preceptor of Cowley, were all fined 1o.

It may be asked, who was Christiana Pady, for whose soul Richard Segrym stipulated that the canons should say mass for ever? Her father, Ralph Pady", a burgher, had a mill in St. Edward's parish before

1 Quoted by Bishop Tanner, Notitia Monastica (ed. 1744), p. 419. Dr. Ingram follows neither the Chronicle itself nor à Wood in saying that Segrym's 'distinguished mansion,' 'together with St. Aldate's Church adjoining,' is described as monasterium. The document says nothing about Segrym's mansion.

2 Charters 231, 291, 292.

3 In the Christ Church Cartulary, charter 525 (Wigram), the name appears as

5 Wood MS. D. 2, foll. 367, 400. 6 Charters 262, 263.

7 Wood MS. D. 2, fol. 213.

8 Parker's Early History, p. 274.

City, ii. 188, 192. He had other properties.

10 Rogers' City Documents, Oxford Historical Society, p. 209.

11 Charters 162, 377. There is evidently a mistake in the date assigned to charter 117. See also Wood's City, ii. 174.

ΙΟ

CHRISTIANA PADY.

1180-90. With Henry son of Segrym, then provost, Gaufrid Padi,' Roger Brodege (or Brodgate) and others 1, c. 1170, he witnessed a grant to Oseney Abbey. With John Kepeharme he was a witness c. 1181. Christina's uncle John left her some property. His son, her cousin John, was Mayor 1227-9 and 1234, living in a house in St. Frideswyde's parish, called from him Pady House, but afterwards Ledenporch Hall, for which in 1480 the nuns of Godstow, who held it in 1192, were paying the old rent of 45.2 He was alive in 1262. The Lady Christina we find at the close of the twelfth century wedded to Laurence Kepeharme, who with her consent gave to Oseney Abbey some land in St. Michael's at North Gate, the same, probably, as the 'Segrim land' described in an Oseney rental of 1260. He died before 1228. She next was married to Jordan Rufus, Ruffy, Rasus, or le Rus. On April 28, 1241, she, with her husband Jordan's assent, gave to the Priory one messuage and four selds, together with her body, which she had devoted to be buried among the canons, they agreeing that at her obit and anniversary they will do for her in the service for the dead as for a canon professed, and cause her name to be marked in the martilogium. A little later she is again a widow, and confirms to the Priory (circa 1241-50) all the lands which Jordan, her sometime husband, had with her assent demised to them, viz. those which her previous husband Laurence Kepeharme had bequeathed to the Priory, with a life-interest retained for herself, and also her corner messuage in All Saints'. In return the canons assign her the house in which she lives in the parish of St. Frideswyde and the full corrody daily of a canon and six silver marks yearly all her life. Before this, about 1228, Jordan and she had exchanged two properties with the Priory against certain rents. Before Jordan's death, Richard Segrym had cried quits to the Priory of all his right and claim in the All Saints' messuage given them by Christina, relict of Laurence Kepeharme. One John Pady paid him (c. 1260-70) 5s. rent for several properties in All Saints' parish. In other documents his name is mixed up with Christiana's.

Llibres

Publications, Volum 33