E. Stanley, Esq., in a beautiful park. One mile above the village, on the north bank of the stream, are the picturesque remains of Calder Abbey, consisting of a square tower of the church, which is supported by pointed arches, sustained on four finely clustered columns, about twenty-four feet in height, and of excellent workmanship. The roof of the church rested on semicircular arches, with clustered pillars, and a fascia, which is yet to be traced above the remaining arches. The width of the choir appears to have been only twenty-five feet. The ruins are overrun with ivy, and are delightfully embowered in stately sycamores and other trees. Ranulph de Meschiens founded this monastery in 1134, for a colony of Cistercians who were detached from Furness Abbey. It subsequently received many valuable grants. At the dissolution it shared the common fate of the Romish ecclesiastical establishments. Its yearly revenue at that time amounted, according to Speed, to £64:3:9. Near the Abbey is the neat residence of Captain Irwin, in whose grounds the ruins stand.

In the church-yard at Gosforth, six miles from Egremont, there is an ancient stone pillar, which, until lately, was surmounted by a cross. The pretty village of STRANDS is four miles beyond Gosforth. It has two decent inns, at which boats on the lake may be procured. The ascent of Scawfell Pikes may be conveniently made from this place, by taking a boat to the head of the lake and landing at the foot of the mountain. Half a mile from the village, at the extremity of the Screes mountain, is a ravine called Hawl Gill. The felspar of the granite rocks having decomposed, they have wasted into needle-like peaks, reminding the Swiss traveller of the aiguilles of Mont Blanc. There is a vein of spicular iron ore here, as well as some fine hæmatite. Those who are not to be deterred by a little exertion would be astonished by the views afforded from the lofty terrace of the Screes.

An elevation near the first bridge, on the road

H

from Strands to the lake, has been selected as the station for our outline sketch.

WAST WATER, one mile from Strands, is three and a half miles in length, and about half a mile broad. The deepest part yet discovered is forty-five fathoms, and on account of this great depth it has never been known to be iced over, even in the severest winter. The mountains round this lake rise to a great altitude. The Screes hang over the south-east margin, and form an extraordinary feature in the landscape, whilst Seatallan guards the opposite shore. The road traverses the north-western shore, and, six miles from Strands, arrives at the hamlet of Wastdale Head, which consists merely of a few scattered homesteads and a little chapel. It would be a great accommodation to tourists if there were an inn at this place. Refreshment can, however, be obtained, at one of the farm-houses, for which, of course, the traveller will not omit to tender remuneration. The panorama of mountains surrounding this level area is strikingly grand. Standing at the head of the lake, the spectator will have Yewbarrow, like the slanting roofs of a house, on his left, further up, Kirkfell, and immediately before him Great Gable-a little on the right of which is Lingmell, a protrusion from Scawfell Pikes and Scawfell, which mountains bring the eye to the Screes. Through the glen called Mosedale, lying between Yewbarrow and Kirkfell, there is the path over Black Sail into Ennerdale, before noticed. A foot road, passing round the head of the lake, and climbing the high ground between the Screes and Scawfell, descends by way of Burnmoor Tarn into Eskdale. Tourists on foot or horseback may proceed to Keswick, fourteen miles distant, by a route, described in No. VIII. of the ITINERARY, which crosses the pass of Sty Head-the highest in the Lake district. This pass is shut in by Great Gable on the left, and Great End on the right. The summit, 1300 feet high, commands a most extensive view. The ascent on both sides is remarkably

steep; and if horses are taken over, great caution should be used. The notorious Baron Trenck once dashed down on horseback, leaving his astonished guide behind carefully picking his way. The fearless horseman arrived safe at the bottom, and performed in one day a journey of fifty-six miles through steep and difficult roads, which nearly killed his horse. This feat was wonderful enough, but not so much so as the one ascribed to "that sprightly Scot of Scots, Douglas, that runs on horseback up a hill perpendicular." be sure, the only authority we can cite for the fact is the "fat rogue," Sir John Falstaff, of veracious memory.

PENRITH.

[Inns-Crown; George.]

To

[KESWICK to PENRITH.-Itin. ROUTE IX.] [PENRITH_ULLESWATER-AMBLESIDE.—It. ROUTE X.]' [PENRITH-SHAP-KENDAL.-Itin. ROUTE XI.]

PENRITH is an ancient market town, seated at the foot of an eminence near the southern verge of the county of Cumberland. It contains between 5000 and 6000 inhabitants, and the appearance of the town is clean and neat. The houses are principally built of the red freestone abounding in the neighbourhood; from which circumstance it has been suggested that the name of the town is derived-Pen and rhudd signifying, in the British language, red hill. It lies in the neighbourhood of four rivers, the Petterill, Lowther, Eamont, and Eden,* within the district called Inglewood Forest. When the northern part of England

* "Some back-friends to this country," says old Fuller, who dearly loved a conceit, "will say that, though Westmorland has much of Eden (running clear through it), yet hath it little of delight therein." Wordsworth's sentiments on this head do not entirely coincide with those of the "back-friends" alluded to; for the poet, with reference to the name of the river, says, that,

"Fetch'd from Paradise, the honour came,

Rightfully borne; for Nature gives thee flowers
That have no rivals amongst British bowers."