keeper, was often asked for the head of a hare for the same purpose. She also said that if a hare's head could not be procured, a bit of flesh beneath the lobe of the ear of a sucking pig, such as was fit for roasting, was often used instead. On asking for an explanation, she said she did not know, but that when a baby would not take its natural food it became fractious, and, lolling out its tongue, often made its lips and chin sore, and thereby "showed that it wanted something"; and I find that the notion is that this fractiousness is owing to the mother, "who has longed for something she could not have before the child's birth," which longing is indicated by these symptoms. As to any reason why this particular food was needed or beneficial, "this deponent sayeth not," neither do I, only I know its efficacy is fully believed in. E. A. D. Shillingstone, Dorset. A belief in hares' brains as being marvellously efficacious in extreme cases of restlessness in infants is common amongst the lower orders in Berkshire. It is not given as a soporific, but, as they say, to "satisfy the longings" of the child, and thereby stop its crying. A Devonshire nurse (without my knowledge) gave calves' brains to a baby of mine who was very ill and cried a great deal. C. RUSSELL. HENRY HALLYWELL, MINISTER OF IFIELD, AND HENRY HALLYWELL, VICAR OF COWFOLD (6th S. iii. 324, 358, 436; iv. 377).-If the note referring to Henry Hally well contained in the records of the Society of Friends for the SouthEastern Division is correct, then the Add. MS. Brit. Mus. must be wrong, and Edward Michell, instead of preceding Hally well as Vicar of Ifield, was simply his curate, and probably married his daughter. Will MR. SAWYER give the date when Henry Hallywell's name appears as Twineham"? parson of H. FISHWICK. family of Sir Anthony Keck, one of the Commis- Naunton Rectory, Pershore. folk as early as the thirteenth century. They came The Heydons were considerable people in NorHeydon, Esq., of Baconsthorpe, who died Sept. 7, to an end in the male line in the person of William 1689. There is much about them in Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. vi. p. 504. AUGUSTUS JESSOpp. The Norfolk knightly family of that name of course derived it from the place so called. Their arms were, Per pale, arg. and gules, a cross engrailed counterchanged. See Blomefield under "Baconsthorpe," vi. 504. G. A. C. "FOR FRAID " (6th S. iv. 226).-I have never met with the expression as quoted by your correspondent, but I am familiar with a similar expression used in North Yorkshire, to wit, for feerd= lest. This I regard, on the analogy of the French de peur que, as a conjunctive expression with that understood, in which the word feerd or feard is another form of A.-S. ferht, fyrhto, fyrhtu=fear, &c. I have not met with either for fraid or for feerd in any glossary, or in Halliwell's Dict. Stratmann gives "for fêrde Gaw. 2130; Min. 14, &c." Am I right in my assumption? If so, is not for fraid a corruption? F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. Cardiff. Inner Temple. J. S. UDAL. above reference your correspondent Y. A. K. asks "APPLE PUMMY" (6th S. iv. 273). At the whether "the refuse apple, which is thrown away after all the juice is extracted when the cider is made, is still called 'apple pummy.'" In Dorset it is still called "apple pummy" or "pummice," HYDEN, HEYDEN, HEYDON FAMILY (6th S. iv. and although I do not know whether it is used for 289).-There appear to have been several respect-manure, yet it is considered in some parts very able families of this name. One of them, belong-good food for pheasants, who eagerly pick out the ing to the counties of Hertford and Worcester, pips, &c, from the mass. bore for arms, Quarterly, argent and azure, a cross engrailed counterchanged. The Long Compton, Warwickshire, family seems to have been well connected, but whether entitled to this or any other coat I cannot positively state. The Long Comp"He was as rapid a reader as could be conceived, havton registers give the marriage of John Heydon ing the power of perceiving by a glance down the page and Joan Spyre, July 28, 1617; and of Richard whether it contained anything which he was likely to Heydon and Jane Braine, Dec. 27, 1698; while make use of; a slip of paper lay on his desk, and was those of Stretton-on-Fosse, in the same county, reused as a marker, and with a slight pencilled S he would cord the marriage of Thomas Heydon and Mary note the passage, put a reference on the paper, with some brief note of the subject, which he could transfer Gibbes, Nov. 4, 1678. Robert Heydon, of Long to his note-book, and in the course of a few hours he had Compton, aged about twenty-one, a bachelor, ob-classified and arranged everything in the work which it tained at Worcester, August 16, 1688, a licence to was likely he would ever want." marry Sarah Keck, of Stretton-on-Fosse, about twenty-five, a maiden. She was apparently of the ROBERT SOUTHEY (6th S. iv. 267).—In the Life of Southey by his son (edit. 1850), vol. vi. p. 17, will be found the following: Prof. Dowden in his Life alludes to the fact. p. 108. GODSTONE (6th S. iv. 287). I have always understood that the stone for the building of Westminster Abbey was all, or partly, quarried here. The local tradition goes that the place derived its altered name from this fact. G. W. HOLMES. CLARKE means by matriculation registers are (at OUR CHRISTMAS NUMBER. This name might be God's enclosure, say church; but it is more probably a corruption of its our Christmas Number be good enough to forward their Will correspondents kindly intending to contribute to old name, found variously written-Wachelestede, communications, headed “Christmas," without delay? Wolcnestede, Wolnestede, Walkhamsted. R. S. CHARNOCK. Miscellaneous. 1A, Adelphi Terrace. WIBSEY FAIR CHARTER (6th S. iv. 287).-The first place to search for records of charters for hold-Rambles and Stulies in Old South Wales. By Wirt ing markets or fairs is the calendar of the Charter MR. SIKES, the American consul at Cardiff, has here Sikes. (Sampson Low & Co.) Rolls (Calendarium Rotulorum Chartarum), one of collected into a volume various articles which he has the volumes published by the Public Record Com-contributed to the leading American magazines on the missioners. If any dispute arose about the charter the Calendarium Inquisitionum ad Quod Damnum (included in the same volume) should be consulted. The calendar gives the correct references to the Charter Rolls, which can be inspected at the Public Record Office in Fetter Lane. The Close Rolls contain many references to market and fair charters. The rolls for John and Henry III. were printed in extenso about 1844 (2 vols.). Brighton. FREDERICK E. SAWYER. In A. C. Ewald's Our Public Records, p. 72, London, 1873, there is:-"Fairs, grants of, entered on the Patent and Charter Rolls." ED. MARSHALL. subject of the country in which he at present resides. The title of the book is, however, misleading. It is Britain from the South Wales of Australia, and not as intended merely to mark off the South Wales of Great as a description of the very interesting region to which an antiquarian account of the former district. But even the author has limited himself, his book is incomplete. We have not observed a single reference to the glory of South Wales in all respects-the natural and archi tectural wonders of the peninsula of St. David's. Indeed, with the exception of one or two passing allusions, Pembroke, Cardigan, and Carmarthen are unnoticed, the writer limiting himself to Glamorgan and the Welsh recommended as a pleasant and gossipy account of a Marches. With these limitations, the book may be district in great part beyond the ken of the ordinary tourist. The chapters on the principal spots of interest on the rivers Taff, Usk. and Wye are followed by four brightly written, but rather superficial, sections on South Wales and the South Welsh generally, based on a somewhat limited experience. A visit to the remoter discomplete his knowledge. He might then not have tricts (eg. Cardiganshire) would enable Mr. Sikes to reason to complain of the comparative rarity of the tall hats worn by the Welsh peasant women, and his rather enthusiastic views of Welsh morality might be somewhat MATRICULATION RECORDS (6th S. iv. 306).· modified. We have a good deal of scrappy history and Literary, and especially biographical, researches legend, which is excusable in an article, but might with would be much facilitated by the publication of evidently intended for American readers, to which the advantage be pruned in a book, and many explanations, the entries of matriculations at the various colleges same remark will apply. But despite its incompleteness at Oxford and Cambridge. In most cases the and superficiality, we must allow that no better book has county of the student's parents and the profession appeared of late describing South Wales, with all its of the father are recorded. It was only from peculiar features of interest, and that Mr. Sike's present the matriculation entry in his college at Cam-work will, for the time, supply the lack (which should bridge that any information could be discovered as to the birthplace and parentage of the late Dr. Turton, Bishop of Ely, who for many years before his death was supposed not to have a relative in the world, and about whose origin there was always a needless mystery. AN IRISH CHARM AGAINST SNAKES (6th S. iv. 305). An opinion of a similar nature as to the efficacy of this material is preserved in the tradition that the cellars of Goodrich Castle were floored with earth from Ireland. T. W. WEBB. Hampstead, N.W. E. WALFORD, M.A. DR. HYDE CLARKE's suggestion is a useful one, but he has misapplied the term matriculation, which is the admission to the university, not to the college. The two admissions are quite distinct, and, of course, separate registers are kept. What DR. South Wales which to a thorough knowledge of its Transactions of the North Oxfordshire Archæological We have before now had occasion to commend the good Archæological Society. We have now before us two more specimens of that work, to which we have great pleasure in drawing the attention of all students of local history and of the manners and customs of the olden time. In days when we too frequently hear of the total destruction by fire of the registers which embody so much of that history and of those manners and customs, it is a work of practical utility to place on record in print all that we can of the parish registers of England. Mr. Macray furnishes some valuable material for the antiquary and the genealogist in his index to the registers under his own charge. They show us how wavering was the allegiance of men between the claims of Old Style and New in the days of James I., and how delightfully vague the prevailing taste in matters of orthography. Mr. Royce traces with minute care the history of the prebendal church of Cropredy, which once had a Colonna and two Cardinals for its nominal beads, who were of those "extra Angliam morancium." In later times Cropredy witnessed an engagement between the forces of King and Parliament, that left Waller "so ruffled as to make him impotent," and traces of which are to this day turned up from time to time in the meadows on the river-side." Some of the names and descriptions recorded by Mr. Macray are quite deserving of a place among antiquarian oddities: e.g., "Frises Edgley, a woman"; "Eliz. and Thos. Smallbones, twins' and Arnell Smith, "an unsettled person of Sheffield." Mr. Royce offers some choice morsels in the way of epitaphs, of which we may just mention the following charming combination of the pathetic with the practical: "If brutes could speak, Horses would Poets be, And hither bring a dolefull elegie; But though two Wyatts now are dead and gone, Yet all their art and skill live in young John." Now the Wyatts were a family famous in Cropredy as the local farriers. Suicide: an Essay on Comparative Moral Statistics. By Henry Morselli, M.D. (C. Kegan Paul & Co.) THIS is one of the volumes of the "International Scientific Series." It is a most instructive book, though the subjects with which it deals are so painful that many will not improbably avoid reading it. All knowledge is useful, but it does not therefore follow that all sorts of knowledge are fit for the consumption of each one of us. We have read the book most carefully, and, with the exception of a few philosophical passages, which have but slight relation to the subject of the book, have found nothing whatever that should offend any one. Whatever else suicide may be, it is at least commonly the result of disease of the brain, and it is needful that certain facts concerning it should be generally known, and not, as is commonly the case, confined to the medical profession. That the overstraining of the brain in early life, by enforcing what is called education too violently, is one of the main causes of the increase of self-destruction will be admitted by all candid men who read Dr. Morselli's pages. We are constantly told by those who should know better that mental pain is not lasting with children, and on this ground unkindnesses are justified which no one would ever think of defending if inflicted on grownup people. Dr. Morselli states the simple truth plainly when he says that "it is perfectly well proved that children are as susceptible of painful and depressing emotions as adults." It is a terrible thought that the trivial wrongs of the nursery or the school-room may sometimes cast a deep shadow over a whole life. Quips and Quiddities, by Mr. W. Davenport Adams (Chatto & Windus), is not a book of wise sayings, neither is it a jest book, but something about midway between the two. Southey's Common Place Books are naturally brought to our mind by a volume such as this, but the author of Thalaba collected his notes for future use; these seem to have been brought together for the special purpose of amusing people. A very good purpose, undoubtedly, this is, and we make no doubt that Mr. Adams will be in a great part successful. Many of the things therein are very entertaining, but there are not a few which a rigorous critic would wish to replace by better material. Marble chips, as those who have been in Italy know, make an excellent concrete for floors, but it is essential to their durability that softer substances should not be mixed with them. In some instances the reader may wish to verify quotations. That pleasure is commonly denied him. A reference to Beppo, or even to Adam Bede, is all very well, but fancy being sent to the Literary Gazette to hunt up a joke, without year, volume, or page being given! The very idea would make the most ardent literary grubber tremble. Brown, Jun., F.S.A. (Longmans & Co.), is an interesting The Unicorn: a Mythological Investigation, by Robert collection of facts concerning this fictitious animal. One of our great scholars once proposed to a novel-writing friend of his that the latter should put away childish things and join him in a great work, which should tell the book be in progress, or whether such materials as have all that was not true about the animal world. Whether been collected have been handed over to the Folk-lore much as if it were one chapter of this stupendous work. Society we cannot say. Mr. Brown's pamphlet reads We are quite unable to criticize many of Mr. Brown's speculations, but feel bound to say that we have never seen any adequate reason for supposing that the unicorn borne in the arms or as a crest by several English families had any conscious connexion with mythology, as that word is usually understood. Robert Burns at Mossgiel, by William Jolly (Paisley, Gardner), is a prettily got-up little book, which will have some little interest for the more enthusiastic worshippers of the poet. It does not, however, fill any serious blank in our knowledge of Burns's life or works. The language is sometimes more ornate than good taste warrants. HARLEIAN SOCIETY.-Messrs. Mitchell & Hughes have this week issued to the members the Visitation of Yorkshire in 1564, edited by the Rev. C. B. Norcliffe, and the Registers of St. Thomas Apostle, London, from 1558 to 1754, edited by Colonel Chester, D.C.L. Notices to Correspondents. WE cannot answer queries privately. 66 MR. E. H. MARSHALL writes that Mr. H. Cholmondeley Pennell's verses Hard Lines" (ante, p. 440) will be found in Routledge's Comic Poets of the Nineteenth Century, p. 201. M. ("Whitsuntide").-See "N. & Q.," 5th S. i. 401, 496; viii. 2, 55, 134, 212, 278; ix. 441. C. M. D.-Might not the letters be K.H.-Knight of Hanover? CORRIGENDUM.-P. 391, col. 2. 1. 2 from bottom, for "thirty-second edition, 1792," read p. 32, ed. 1792. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. 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