restoration movement. On the other hand, immense good has been effected thereby. To summarize matters, excellent service has been done at the expense of some damage. When in this world's history was it otherwise? HARRY HEMS. Exeter. "THE GREY MARE IS THE BETTER HORSE" (6th S. ii. 207, 279; iii. 95; iv. 138, 233, 256).-R. R. states that " 'mares are seldom used for carriages, and never were." Then Alexander Pope must have known very little of the fashions of his time when he wrote, in his Epistle to Martha Blount :"The Gods to curse Pamela with her prayers, Gave the gilt coach, and dappled Flander's mares, MARY AGNES HICKSON. F. speaks of meeting with this expression in a letter of Lord Hunsden's in 1570. Îf reference is made to Hazlitt's English Proverbs it will be found there with, as authority, Heywood's Proverbs, 1562, which is perhaps the book F. inquires about. L. M. JEREMIAH CLARKE (6th S. iii. 410; iv. 112, 256).—The following testimonial, given to a candidate for the appointment of music professor of Gresham College, is worthy of preservation:"These are to certifie whom it may concern that Robert Shippen of ye university of Oxon hath for some years apply'd himself to the study of Musick, and hath made a very considerable progress in that Science. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands. A.D. 1705. Wm Turner D.M. Jer Clarke Org. of St. Pauls This evidence as to the way in which Clarke spelt his name I have found in the MS. Department of the British Museum. W. H. CUMMINGS. WHEN WERE TROUSERS FIRST WORN IN ENGLAND? (5th S. xii. 365, 405, 434, 446, 514; 6th S. i. 26, 45, 446, 505, 525; ii. 19, 58, 94; iv. 37, 215). The story told by your correspondent at the last reference is differently given, if I am not mistaken, in Gunning's Reminiscences of Cambridge. The Vice is there described as having appeared in the article of dress alluded to, and as having been greeted with, "Gadzoons, gadzoons! There's Lowther Yates in pantaloons!" P. J. F. GANTILLON. THE RULE OF THE ROAD (6th S. iii. 468; iv. 34, 154, 258, 278).-Your correspondents surely make this rule too absolute. A notable exception exists in the case of a led horse, which should be allowed to pass on the outside, to avoid the danger of its kicking. A well-trained groom may be recognized by his attending to this rule, which is often ignored by inexperienced drivers. H. M. I remember, at least forty years ago, my mother quoting the lines about the "rule of the road," as follows: "The rule of the road is a paradox quite, If you drive with a whip or a thong; The other lines I have heard repeated in Berkshire In the stable forget me not." E. R. QUEST" OR "QUIST" WOOD-PIGEON (6th S. iii. 349, 513).-Since writing my query I have met with quist in Lilly's Sapho and Phao, IV. iii., 1584): "What dreames are these, Mileta? And can there be no truth in dreames? yea, dreames have their truth. how to tearme it) that brought short strawes to build his Methought I saw a stockdove or woodquist (I know not nest in a tall cedar," &c. This is an earlier instance than that quoted by HATS WORN AT TABLE, &C. (5th S. v. 27, 96; 6th S. iii. 26, 236, 437, 498).-Youth's Behaviour; or, Decency in Conversation Amongst Men. Composed in French by Grave Persons, &c. Now newly turned into English by Francis Hawkins. The eighth impression, 12mo, 1663, tells the youth that "to put off ones Hat when there is no necessity, appeareth to have of affectation"; but he is to remove it "to persons of desert, as are Churchmen, Justices, and the like; turning the Hat or Cap to thyself-wards, make them a reverence." In the chapter which treats "Of Carriage at the Table," no mention is made of the hat; the directions for behaviour are, however, so minute, and deal with such infinite contingencies that, had there been any hat-ceremonies in this place to record, they would most certainly have been noted. In the rules which govern "Discourse" it is ordered, "Whilst thou speakest, put not on thy hat, or ought else before thy mouth. Chew not Paper nor other thing, shake not thy head, deal not blows with thy elbows; stand not titter-tatter on one foot; put not one leg over-thwart the other"; and, as for the ordinary mode of wearing the hat, it was not to be "too high on thy head, nor too close on thy eyes-not in the fashion of swaggerers and jesters." The practice of wearing hats at dinner had clearly not arisen in France in 1641, when this treatise was first translated. ALFRED WAllis. PRUNELLA "" OR "PRUNELLO " (6th S. iii. 350, 513). In the edition of Kersey's Dictionary, 1720, both forms are given. The latter is defined as a sort of plum, also a kind of silk." Furthermore, Kersey gives: "Sal Prunella, Salt Peter that has some of its most volatile parts separated from it, by burning upon it, when melted in a crucible, about a Thirtieth Part of its weight of Flower of Brimstone. It is sometimes called Lapis Prunella, and Crystal Mineral." F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. Cardiff. Prunello a kind of black worsted stuff, of which old ladies' shoes used to be made in the early part of this century. As it wore very badly I think it gives a sharp point to "The rest is all but leather and prunello." is a commemorative tablet in the chapel of Great Wollaston, in the same parish of Alberbury. By his wife, Jane Taylor, he had a son and a daughter, who died young. At the age of 122 he married a Welsh widow (one Jane Adder of Guilsfield, Montgomeryshire), having previously, when he was 105, done penance in the parish church of Alberbury for an amour with a fair damsel of the name of Catherine Milton (see the Shropshire Gazetteer, p. 731). It has been said that he had children, grandchildren, &c., and that his son died aged 113, his grandson 109, and his great-grandson, Robert, about 1738, aged 124, but we have no other record of these descendants. For further information consult Salopian Shreds and Patches, vol. i. pp. 15, 25, 92, 154. There is a collection of all the literature concerning him in the Shrewsbury Museum. BOILEAU. Longevity of Man, pp. 85-94?-because there he will find [Has our correspondent referred to Mr. Thoms's most of these statements proved to be fictions.] "CURIOSIS FABRICAVIT INFEROS": LINES QUOTED BY HANNAH MORE (6th S. i. 136, 266; iii. 235, 397).— J. C. G. "KNOCK" IN PLACE-NAMES (6th S. iii. 176, 434; iv. 156, 234).—Without going to Ireland, where "knocks" are as plentiful as shillelaghs, we have not a few knocks or sandbanks in the Wash, and there is a Knock township in Westmoreland, and a little Knockin near the Breidden Hills, and a lofty Knock in the island of Lewis. Knock- "St. Austin might have returned another answer to bain in Inverness (to mention no more in Scot-him that asked him, 'What God employed himself about land), and Brecknock and Knucklas in Wales, are before the world was made?' He was making hell.' doubtless the same No such matter. The doctors in the Talmud say,' He as the Irish Knockbaun, was creating repentance, or contriving all the ways how Knockbrack, and Knockglass, respectively the he might be merciful enough to the Man he is so mindful white, speckled, and green hills. of, and to the Son of Man so much regarded by him."ALPHONSE ESTOCLET. John Gregorie, p. 153; Southey's Commonplace Book, fourth series, p. 591. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. St. Mary's College, Peckham. Thanking MR. MAYHEW for his explanation, at the second reference above, of knock, in Knockholt, near Greenhithe (which shows, by the way, that my friend's late father knew more of Celtic than I had supposed when he erroneously transformed Nockholt, near Sevenoaks, into Knockholt, as it also is now usually spelled), I should like to mention that we need not go so near the Welsh border as Herefordshire for an example of the use of knap, Celtic for a little hill. There is a small village in Cambridgeshire called Knapwell, of which that word forms, I presume, the first syllable. There is also a village called Knapton, near Cromer, in Norfolk. W. T. LYNN. Blackheath. OLD PARR (6th S. iii. 188, 415).-Thomas Parr was the son of John Parr, a small farmer at Winnington, a hamlet in the parish of Alberbury and in the Ford division of the hundred of Ford, twelve miles south-west by west of Shrewsbury. His cottage, an old black and white one, still inhabited, may be seen, with the old oak furniture said to have belonged to him, about half a mile south of the Middletown station on the Shrewsbury and Welshpool Railway. The couplet quoted by MR. MARSHALL is taken from a long poem by Taylor the water poet. There THE EARLIEST INHABITANTS OF LANCASHIRE (6th S. iv. 148).—The forms Setantii and Sistantii are corrupt. The Segantii, Segontiaci, or Siguntiaci derived their name from Segontium; from se gont iü, [on] the shore or margin of the water (se-y; gont=cant; iü=gwy). The name Liverpool is also a Celtic compound; and the first syllable in each of the names Lancaster and Manchester is also of Celtic origin. The river Lyon, Lyne, Len, and with lan, lon, lun, lyn, found name Lune squares with the Loing (Luna), Liane, in some geographical names, all-water. 1A, Adelphi Terrace. R. S. CHARNOCK. YORKSHIRE FIELD NAMES (6th S. iv. 105).— MR. PEACOCK's explanation of the term rake is hardly satisfactory to me. I have heard the word frequently used in the west part of the North Riding of Yorkshire for a small pass through the limestone crest of a scaur and the path leading therefrom to the bottom. The path may be grassy or stone-strewn. The word in a similar sense is not uncommon in the Lake District, as is shown by the following names: Scots' Rake, Troutbeck; Lady's Rake, Derwentwater; Lord's Rake, Scawfell, &c. MR. PEACOCK's suggested derivation may be the true one, though it is open spere, of Kirklands, was defendant at Carlisle to question as to whether the word may not be 31 Edw. III., 1357; in 1375, and again in 1377, connected with A.-S. hraca, throat; or hræcan, to Thomas Shakespere held offices at Youghal, Irereach, extend. A sheep rake in Cumberland is a land. The poet most unquestionably belonged to long line of sheep, when one follows another. a genuine Warwickshire family; some were at According to Mr. Dickinson's Glossary (E. D. S.) Coventry in 1399; they are found at Knolle in it means also a mountain track across a steep." | 1460, at Wroxhall 1464, at Rowington from 1464 A similar meaning, according to Miss Jackson's till the poet's era; his grandfather lived at SnitterSome of them were returned at various Shropshire Glossary, is found also in Shropshire. field. inquisitions as able men-at-arms, but it is not The following passage is worth quoting :"Mr. Walter White, when speaking of his walk from known that they were called out for service, and It is known that this particular Cherbury towards the Stiperstones, says, 'Starting anew the particulars recorded in both heraldic grants are I came presently to the rack-that is, a dim track mainly fictitious. case got the offending herald into trouble as an leading up the wild hill which then rose in my way...... The rack ascends to a lonesome table-land patched with gorse, bracken, and rushes.'-All Round the Wrekin, improper concession, and the special mention of ancestral valour in the field is explained as a mutation between the names of Arden and Shakespere ; the poet's mother was an Arden, and two or three of that family were attached to the Courts and persons of Henry VII. and Henry VIII. in a military capacity; but the real connexion with this branch of the Arden family is not proved. H. A. p. 65, ed. 1860." I am quite familiar with dub-pool as a Yorkshire word. I have often heard the Atlantic Ocean facetiously called "t' girt dub." Cardiff. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. "INFERNAL" (6th S. ii. 324).—At this reference I gave an example-seventeenth century, if I remember aright-of the use of this word in the same way as it is employed in modern slang. I have just come upon another example : "A priory of Dominicans was founded at King's Langley, co. Herts., by Roger Helle, an English baron, presumed to be of the Lucy family, who lived at the beginning of the thirteenth century, and who was so called because he had 'played the devil' with the Welsh. 'A Vallensibus ita cognominatus, eo quod eosdem Wallicos, regni Angliæ rebelles, tanquam inferni undique devastavit."-M. A. Lower's Family Nomenclature, 4th ed., vol. i. p. 235, quoting Weever's Fun. Mon., ed. 1631, p. 583; Gough i. 349. It is pointed out in the Monasticon, vi. 1486, that no such person as Roger Helle appears in the baronage. If such a person did live, it by no means follows that he acquired his name as stated | above. The same authority quotes Tanner for the assertion that Roger had a father Robert who ANON. bore the same surname. Leamington. "GOUTS" (6th S. iv. 109). —Surely MR. MAYHEW "Gouts of bed-rid has "found a mare's nest." emperors" is merely a periphrasis for "gouty and "mitis sapientia bedridden emperors." So Horace puts "Herculeus Hercules," and labor Læli" for "mitis et sapiens Lælius." 66 for Hampstead, N.W. E. WALFORD, M.A. MR. MAYHEW will remember the following line in Bethgelert: "Fresh blood-gouts shocked his view." Here the word gout means a drop, and in the passage from Oldham it appears to be used in a special sense, and to read thus: "Soft as the drops of bed-rid emperors." JOHN CHURCHILL SIKES. 106, Godolphin Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. BAGNAL OR BAGENAL FAMILY (6th S. iv. 288). "POMATUM" (6th S. iv. 8, 137).-In Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardeners' Dictionary it is-I have a few notes which may interest your stated, under the genus Pyrus, that pomatum is correspondent, Mr. J. H. BAGNALL, and if he will THOS. W. SKEVINGTON. so called because the lard is, or ought to be, beat send his address I shall be pleased to supply him up with pulp of apples; an etymology which is with a copy of them. confirmed by Littré, s.v., "La pommade ainsi dite, parce qu'elle est primitivement un cosmétique ou entrent de la graisse et des pommes." WILLIAM PLATT. Callis Court, St. Peters, Isle of Thanet. SHAKSPEARE AND CUMBERLAND (6th S. iv. 126, 158, 230).--We have earlier records of Shakespere's name used as a patronymic than those noted by E. F. B. under date 21 Ric. II., say 1397-8; as, for instance, one John Shakespere appears as plaintiff in a suit at law 7 Edw. I., 1278-9; Henry Shake Toft Villa, Shipley, Yorks. THE SAME A SUCCESSION OF VICARS FROM FAMILY (6th S. iv. 107).—Allow me to mention another instance of a similar fact to that recorded at the above reference. The Rev. Thomas Leir, born in 1640, was Rector of Ditcheat in Somersetshire; his son, the Rev. Thomas Leir, succeeded him in the living in 1743; his grandson, the Rev. Thomas Leir, succeeded in 1781; his great-grandson, the Rev. William Leir, succeeded in 1812; and his great-great-grandson, the Rev. William Marriott-Leir, succeeded in 1861, and is the pre- Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. DIBDIN: "DIANE DE POICTIERS" (6th S. iv. 68, 255). I have a fine old line engraving, 11 by 15 inches, upright, "Le Blond_excud. avec Privilege du Roy," which represents Diana seated naked in a hip bath. Over her shoulders is a linen tippet, which only partially conceals her charms. Her hair is dressed and a very pretty cap covers her head. A string of pearls is round her throat and two large pearl drops hang from her ears. She is evidently partly adorned, and an old woman behind her, whose left hand rests upon her left shoulder, offers her, over her right shoulder, a box of rouge, into which Diana is about to insert the forefinger of her right hand. They are supposed to be both looking into a mirror. I believe the engraving is after Primaticcio. Below it are the following lines : "Celle que vous voyez si belle et si charmante, melancholy interest-far beyond any which its author guages was considerable, and he seems to have had at Qu'elle peut captiver les hommes et les Dieux, Avec son mary seul delices de ses yeux, Veut disputer le prix et le tiltre d'amante. L'aise qu'elle reçoit de son prochain retour Receuant de sa part la letre qu'on luy donne L'oblige en mesme temps aux soing de sa persōne Pour luy faire vn accueil digne de son amour. Ainsi par son exemple elle inuite les Dames A leur faire advoüer qu'il n'est rien de si doux Que de s'estudier à plaire à leur Espous, Pour esteindre l'ardeur des impudiques flames." If the above Le Blond were Michel le Blond, he was born at Frankfort, and died at Amsterdam in 1650. He may not, however, have been the engraver, but a printseller. RALPH N. JAMES. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (2nd S. xii. to deal with corrupt patronage as soon as its mind has 210; 6th S. iv. 190, 238).— "I'll hang my harp on a willow tree." This song was not set to music by Wellington Guernsey. Upwards of forty years ago it was given to me in manuscript by a lady, who told me she had it from a friend of the composer. Wellington Guernsey asked me to lend it to him, which I did, and he published it. CHAS. DE LESSERT. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. THIS excellent little book was published while the late been directed full on the subject. We should but repeat what has been said in every English newspaper if we were to say how very deeply the heart of the English people has been touched by the President's sufferings and death. We believe most fully that it is not a mere passing sentiment, but a deep feeling of kindred which will make it almost impossible for a serious misunderstanding to arise between the two countries. The Civil Service Coach: a Practical Exposition of the Civil Service Curriculum, and Guide to the Lower Division of the Service and its Competitive Examinations. By Stanley Saville. (Crosby Lockwood & Co.) DESPITE its somewhat portentous sub-title, this is an excellent book. Its author has himself been in the lists, not without glory; his precepts are the precepts of experience, and his data are trustworthy. His remarks on handwriting are especially sound and useful; so are his directions for a system of study; and, generally speaking, the whole tenor of the work has a thoroughness and sincerity which cannot be too much commended. Its worst blemish is a certain striving after smartness and cheap scholarship. It certainly seems unnecessary, in a handbook of this kind, to make Dr. Playfair smile upon Chaos, and it is still more superfluous to say "Hinc canere incipiam," when there is not the least intention of singing, or, indeed, the slightest temptation to sing. These minor defects (which might easily be removed in a second edition) detract a little from the merits of one of the most sensible aids to students that we remember to have seen. Art and Letters. An Illustrated Monthly Magazine. (Remington & Co.) Ir the other numbers of this new periodical are as good as this one, the rival art magazines must look to their laurels. It seems to be in some sort (if we read the introduction aright) a chapel of ease to L'Art. Be this as it may, there is no doubt of its merits. There are, inter alia, illustrated papers on J. F. Millet and F. Walker, an article on lace-making, an article on the "Arch of Augustus of Perugia," and a story or feuilleton. There is also a clever social sketch by Mr. du Maurier, with a short notice from which we learn that his "highly respectable name," as Fred Bayham would say, is Georges Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier, and that he was born in 1834. THE current part of Lord Ronald Gower's Great Historic Galleries of England derives especial interest from its reproduction of a little picture of Hogarth's at Grosvenor House never hitherto copied. A boy's kite has fallen in some furze, and its owner has arrived in time to prevent a crow from tearing it in pieces. The boy's attitude is very natural, and his face is full of expression. The picture belongs to the Duke of Westminster, being one of the original collection begun by Lord Richard Grosvenor in the last century. It is, apparently, in fair preservation, and well worthy of its place in this sumptuous record of art-treasures. WE need not apologize to our readers for calling their attention to a capital story, entitled Fallen among Thieves," which appeared in the August number of the Burlington. It is written by the daughter of our late valued correspondent Prof. De Morgan, and, besides showing a remarkable knowledge of human life amongst the poorer part of the community, it displays a decided talent for story-telling which the authoress would do well to develope. Indeed, it is not long ago that Miss De Morgan presented to the world an excellent little volume of fairy tales, under the title of The Necklace of Princess Florimonde. It is, therefore, quite evident that the cloak of talent which belonged to Prof. De Morgan has fallen on his daughter; and we sincerely wish her every success in the field of literature which she has entered so auspiciously. Ar the forthcoming (the ninth) session of the New Shakspere Society papers will be read by Mr. J. W. Mills, Mr. Joseph Crosby, Rev. J. Kirkman, Dr. Brinsley Nicholson, Miss E. H. Hickey, Mrs. J. H. Tucker, Rev. M. Wynell Mayow, Dr. F. Landmann, Mr. W. G. Stone, Mr. Peter Bayne, Rev. W. A. Harrison, and the Director, Mr. F. J. Furnivall. The Parish Registers and Churchwardens' Accounts of St. Michael's Parish Church, Bishop Stortford, edited by Mr. J. L Glassccck, will be published by Mr. Elliot Stock during the autumn; also A Royal Cookery Book, being a transcript of a manuscript in the Holkham collection. Among the Gibjigs: a Child's Romance, by Mr. Sydney Hodges, with upwards of forty illustrations by Mr. Horace Petherick, will shortly be published by Messrs. Remington & Co. Notices to Correspondents. C. E. HORNER ("The Blue Bells of Scotland")."Ritson," says Mr. W. Chappell, Popular Music of the Olden Times," prints this song in his North Country Chorister, 1802, under the title of The New Highland Lad.' He says, in a note, This song has been lately introduced upon the stage by Mrs. Jordan, who knew neither the words nor the tune.... The old tune (although not at all like a Scotch air) is included in Johnson's Scots' Musical Museum (vi. 566). It has been entirely superseded in popular favour by that of Mrs. Jordan. The Blue Bell of Scotland, a favourite ballad, as composed and sung by Mrs. Jordan at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane,' was entered at Stationers' Hall on the 13th of May, 1800, and the music published by Longman & Co." C. J. (Dublin).-The lady referred to by Macaulay as "the Saint Cecilia whose delicate features, lighted up by love and music, art has recued from the common decay," was Eliza Ann Linley, the beautiful and accomplished singer, commonly known by the name of "the Saint." She married Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Her who represented her as St. Cecilia. The picture is in portrait was painted in 1775 by Sir Joshua Reynolds, the possession of the Marquis of Lansdowne, at Bowood. "KARL THE MARTYR."-A. J. C. writes: "If S. P., who at 5th S. viii. 479 offered to have the above copied for S., would kindly do the same for me, he would confer a great favour." LORRIMER.-We know that in some cases it has proved successful; to the best of our knowledge the price is that you mention. The disappearance happened too recently to be yet further remarked on. THUS (St. Luke ii. 37). The reading wc Twv dydonkovтartooάpwv is correctly rendered by the Revisers of the Authorized Version; the old rendering would seem to be ambiguous. EVAN THOMAS ("Behold this ruin, 'twas a skull," &c.). -MR. H. E. WILKINSON, writing in "N. & Q.," 2nd S. x. 459, says that in the Commonplace Book of Poetry, published in 1830, these lines are attributed to Mrs. Niven. UNEDA. The first question is under consideration. As to the second, we advise that application should not be made. E. We understand that the case of Stephen Lewis, who is said to be over 104 years of age, is now under investigation. C. A. WARD.-You should consult Izaak Walton's Life of Donne. W. G. B. P. You had better write to BROCTUNA prepaid (ante, p. 286); we shall be happy to forward a letter. COL. A. F.-Many thanks for your letter. J. W. GRAY (Shipley).-Next week. ERRATUM.-P. 216, col. 1, eighth line from bottom, for "Kirkby" read Kirby. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. |