priated to the Protector's use. The royal parks, also, at Hampton Court, Windsor, and Bushy, and the palaces of St. James's and Whitehall were ordered to be repurchased for his residence, and they were to be "furnished according to instructions from her highness the Lady Cromwell." Some thirty persons, who were for the most part pensioners or old servants of the late king, had lodgings in Whitehall and the Mews, and their summary removal brought in a host of petitions to the Council and made the new government unpopular. The peace with Holland is the first public event recorded in this Calendar, and May 23 was set apart as a day of public thanksgiving to celebrate it. But it was a "peace with honour," for it was insisted on as an indispensable condition of the treaty that Dutch captains should lower the flag and topsails whenever they came within shot of an English man-of-war. This submission was resented by the Dutch as an affront, and was seldom yielded without compulsion; but Cromwell's captains stood no nonsense, and opened fire on every vessel which kept the flag aloft. Their reports to the Admiralty are full of triumphant vindications of the honour of the British flag. We have also the testimony of Sir Edward Nicholas, who was then Secretary of State to Charles II., that "Cromwell keeps all the neighbouring Princes in awe of him by his fleet in the Downs," which he kept afloat at an enormous expense. A new Parliament was ordered to meet at Westminster on Sept. 3, 1654, and writs for the elections were issued to the sheriffs on June 7. All persons who had acted against Parliament since 1641 were disqualified from sitting in Parliament and voting at the elections; but notwithstanding this precaution many disaffected persons were returned in the western counties and in Wales, where the royalist party was strong. On the other hand, Sir Richard Temple, Bart., was chosen one of the knights of the shire for Warwickshire, although he was under age, on the sheriff's assurance that he had the Protector's dispensation; whilst two gentlemen of Bedfordshire declared that they had been prevented from voting for Sir William Butler by the statement that the Protector did not wish him to be elected for the county, and had sent down an order about it. Two days before Parliament met, seven Scotch peers and twenty-six gentlemen, imprisoned for treason at the Tower or St. James's, were set free on security not to act against the Commonwealth; but they were banished from England, and were not to return without leave. Sir William Davenant, the poet, was released a few days before, but the Earls of Worcester and Cleveland remained in confinement at the Tower. The vigilance of the Government was justified by the discovery, in the spring of this year, of a new plot to murder the Protector and proclaim Charles Stuart king. The chief conspirators, Gerard, Vowell, and Fox, were tried in June by a commission presided over by John Lisle, one of the Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal, but Judge Atkins refused to sit on the commission, because he had sworn to observe the laws of England, and by law no man could be tried for his life except by a jury. This argument, however, did not help the prisoners, and the court unanimously signed the warrant for their execution. This year was marked by some administrative reforms of great importance. Every department of state had a separate treasury, and the multiplicity of treasuries was not only a fruitful source of expense, but offered opportunities for roguery. It was discovered that the public had been defrauded by forged warrants to the value of 230,000l., and an ordinance was drawn up for the payment of all public moneys in future into the Treasury at Westminster. Acts also were passed for the improvement of the Post Office and the regulations of Customs and Excise, whilst the Court of Chancery was reformed

by new rules of jurisdiction and a lower scale of fees. The orders of the Protector in Council were arbitrary, but were universally acknowledged to be of benefit to the nation.

By the death of Dr. John Hill Burton, which we merely recorded last week, Scotland has lost one of its most distinguished antiquaries, and a most remarkable man of letters. A native of Aberdeen, Dr. Burton was born in 1809. In 1831 he passed as an advocate at the Scottish bar; but his attention was mainly taken up with literature. He was a contributor to the later volumes and to the supplement of the Penny Cyclopædia-chiefly on subjects connected with Scottish law. He also wrote a Manual of the Law of Scotland, a Treatise on Bankruptcy Law, Narratives from Criminal Trials in Scotland, and contributed the law articles to Waterton's Cyclopaedia of Commerce. Dr. Burton assisted Sir John Bowring in preparing the collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, and he also wrote the Introduction to the Study of Bentham's Works, and the lives of Simon Lord Lovat and of Duncan Forbes of 'Culloden. 1853 he brought out his History of Scotland from the Revolution of 1688 to the Extinction of the Jacobite Insurrection, and between 1867 and 1870 he published an elaborate History of Scotland from Agricola's Invasion to the Revolution of 1688. The publication of this work led to the appointment of Dr. Burton to the post of Historiographer Royal of Scotland, an old office in the Queen's Scottish household. Among Dr. Burton's other works may be mentioned his History of the Reign of Queen Anne, The Scot Abroad, and The Book-hunter. He was a Fellow of the Royal, the Antiquarian, and the Geological Societies, and had received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Aberdeen, and that of D.C.L. from Oxford.

In

LAMBETH PALACE LIBRARY will be closed for six weeks, for the recess, from the 29th inst.

Notices to Correspondents.

A CORRESPONDENT writes:-"I shall be glad to know the value of a Bible published in 1521. The type is very clear, but there are some chapters missing at the beginning of Genesis and some at the end of the Revelation. It contains the Apocrypha, and on the fly-leaf of the New Testament there is the date 1521. Can it be one of Tyndale's Bibles?"

G. S. B.-The biretta is the square cap worn by clerics over the zucchetto.

A CORRESPONDENT asks by whom are the poems The Curfew and The Captive, and where they may be obtained. A FOREIGNER.-Mr. G. R. Sims's poems may be had at the office of the Weekly Dispatch, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street, E.C.

HARRY HEMS ("An English Font in a Transatlantic Church ").—See "N. & Q.," 5th S. viii. 65.

C. T. ("Pins and Needles").-C. B. S., ante, p. 75, merely quotes Coleridge's Table-Talk.

J. W. (Derby Club).-Both ways are correct.

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CHESTER and ASTRY, descended from Henry Chester, Sheriff of Bristol 1470, and Sir Ralph Astry, Kt, Lord Mayor of London 1492. By R. E. CHESTER WATERS, B.A. 4to. price 11. 118. 6d. A few Copies privately printed.

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ARTHUR PENRHYN STANLEY: a Sermon

Preached at Whippingham on July 24, 1881. By GEORGE PROTHERO, M.A.. Rector of Whippingham, Canon of Westminster. and Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen.

"It may be doubted whether the death of an ecclesiastic ever called forth so many funeral sermons as have been preached on Dean Stanley. Canon Prothero's at Whippingham, which he bas printed at the command of the Crown Prince and Princess of Germany, who heard it, traces the secret of the late Dean's influence to his moral faculties rather than his intellectual powers-a judgment in which most people will concur."—Globe.

"The Canon insists on the similarity between the characters of Wesley and Stanley-the same simplicity of faith, the same universal benevolence, the same assertion of independence, the same longing for comprehensiveness of teaching.""-Guardian.

The PLYMOUTH LEAT.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.

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