GOVERNMENTS AND LAWS

EXHIBITING THE GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURES
OF ANCIENT AND MODERN STATES, THEIR
GROWTH AND DECAY AND THE LEADING

PRINCIPLES OF THEIR LAWS

BY

STEPHEN HALEY ALLEN

“Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?"
“Mens, et animus, et consilium et sententia civitatis, posita est in legibus."

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

PRINCETON
Sales Agents for the Author

208

Copyright, 1916, by
STEPHEN HALEY ALLEN

Published August, 1916

PRINCETON
UNIVERSITY

PRESS

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.—PARENTAL AUTHORITY. PUBLIC REG-

ULATION OF PRIVATE MORALS. PUBLIC REGULATION OF

THE FAMILY. CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS. LEGISLATIVE

MORALITY. LEGISLATIVE EXPEDIENTS. JUDICIAL FUNC-

TIONS. EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS. CHECKS AND BAL-

ANCES OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS. GENERAL PUR-

POSES OF GOVERNMENT.

CHAPTER

I. UNORGANIZED TRIBES.

II. TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS AND SIMPLE DESPOTISMS.

III. PACIFIC ISLANDS.

IV. MEXICO.

V. PERU.

VI. EGYPT.

VII. CHALDEA, BABYLONIA, JUDEA AND PERSIA.

VIII. ARABIA.

IX. INDIA.

X. CHINA.

XI. JAPAN.

XII. TURKEY.

XIII. GREECE.

XIV. ROME.

XV. VEDIAEVAL EUROPE.

XVI. RUSSIA.

XVII. ITALY.

XVIII. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

XIX. DENMARK, SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

XX. GERMANY, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY AND POLAND.

XXI. HOLLAND AND BELGIUM.

XXII. SWITZERLAND.

XXIII. FRANCE.

XXIV. THE BRITISH EMPIRE.

XXVI. MODERN MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN

STATES.

GENERALIZATIONS-POVERTY OF HISTORY. METHODS

OF ACQUIRING AND CONFERRING POLITICAL POWER.
METHODS OF AND PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO THE SE-
LECTION OF PUBLIC OFFICERS. DIRECT LEGISLATION.
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. CHANGES IN THE FORMS
AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENTS. METHODS OF ORIGI-
NATING LAWS.

PURPOSES

OF LAWS AND MOTIVES PROMPTING THEIR ENACTMENT. PUNISHMENT. TAXATION. PERSONAL STATUS. FAMILY RELATIONS. LAND LAWS. INHERITANCE. CONTRACTS. COMBINATIONS.

APPENDIX
CODE OF HAM MURABI.—Babylon.
LAWS OF XII TABLES.-Rome.
CODE OF MANU.—India.
INSTITUTES OF JUSTINIAN.
PENAL CODE OF CHINA.
CIVIL CODE OF FRANCE.
CIVIL CODE OF GERMANY.
MAGNA CHARTA.—England.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.