VACCINE INOCULATION introduced, 1796, by | Vellum (invention of) has been usually, Ventilators invented by the Rev. Dr. Hales, Vesta, a new planet, discovered by Dr. Ol- Vines planted in Germany and North Gaul, --and sugar-canes planted in Madeira, 1420 Violins invented, about 1477, and introduced here by Charles II. Umbrellas introduced into England by Hanway, the philanthropist Vulgate edition of the Bible discovered, 218 WATCHES invented at Nuremburgh, in Germany, 1477 first used in astronomical observations, 1500 the Emperor Charles V. was the first who had any thing that might be called a watch, though some call it a small tableclock, 1530 first brought into England from Germany, 1577 spring pocket, invented by Hooke, 1658 Water first conveyed to London by leaden pipes, 21st Henry III., 1237. It took near 50 years to complete it; the whole being finished, and Cheapside conduit erected, only in 1285 -engine erected at Broken-wharf, to convey Amwell, in Hertfordshire, at an im- in 1614 Water. The City supplied with water, by conveyances of wooden pipes in the streets, and small leaden ones to the house, and the New River Company incorporated, 1620. So late as Queen Anne's time there were water-carriers at Aldgate pump, as they are now at Edinburgh The Water (supply of.) The number of tenants entirely free it from such foreign matter, if held in solution, or in a very comminuted state, though filtration will free it from suspended impurities Waterloo Cæsarian Evergreen Cabbage-tree, introduced into England, 1835 Water-mills for grinding corn were invented by Belisarius, while besieged in Rome by the Goths, 555. The ancients parched their corn, and pounded it in mortars. Afterwards mills were invented, which were turned by men and beasts with great labour; and yet Pliny mentions wheels turned by water Weavers, (two) from Brabant, settled at York; "which (says King Edward) may prove of great benefit to us and our subjects," 1331 Weavers, dyers, cloth-drapers, linen-makers, silk-throwsters, &e. (Flemish) settled at Canterbury, Norwich, Sandwich, Colchester, Maidstone, Southampton, &c. on account of the duke of Alva's persecution, 1567. They taught the English the making of baize, serges, Norwich crapes, &c. The baize-makers chiefly settled at Colchester Weaving-machine, invented by the Rev. Edmund Cartwright, 1804 Weights and measures invented, 869 B.C. fixed to a standard, in England, 1257 regulated, 1492 - alteration according to the imperial standard, May 1, 1825 Whalebone found by the English ships at Cape Breton, 1521 -first mentioned to have been brought home with oil, 1617 Wig, the first worn in England, was by Sexton, fool to King Henry VIII. It cost 20s. and was paid for by the king's treasurer Wild-fire invented by a Grecian, 663 Windows of glass first used in England, for houses, 1180 Wind saw-mill invented, 1633; and erected near the Strand, London, by a Dutchman Wine first made in England, 1140 -in Flanders, 276 Wine from raisins first made in England, in 1635 Wire invented at Nuremberg, 1351 mills invented in Germany, 1563 Woad, a plant used for dyeing, first culti vated in England, 1582 were the fixing its colour discovered, 1753 Wood-cuts invented, 1460 Woollen-cloth (manufacturers of) in all civilized countries, and in very remote ages, and probably of linen also. Diodorus Siculus, who wrote in Augustus Cæsar's time, 21 B.C., relates, "that in the Isle of Malta, several mercantile wares made, particularly very fine cloth." Strabo, speaking of Turtetania, in Lusitania, says, "that cloths were formerly the exports of that country, but that they had then another woollen manufacture of most excellent beauty, such as that of the Corai, a people of Asia, from whence the rams were brought at a talent each, or 100%." Until the introduction of the Saxony wool, Europe was dependant for its supply on Spain; but since the introduction of the breed of Spanish Merino sheep, in Germany, by the late king of Saxony, when elector, during the revolutionary war of France, the English market has been chiefly supplied with Saxony-wool, and the demand for that commodity has been so great, that the consumption in 1828, was 23,110,882 lbs. Woollen-cloth manufactures commenced at Sedan, in France, 1646 first made in England, was in 1331 - medley cloths first made, 1614 greatly improved by the Walloons, 1688 first dyed and dressed in England, in 1667 Worker's (70 families of cloth), from the Netherlands, settled in England, by Ed. ward III.'s invitation, for promoting the woollen manufactures, 1330 Wormwood, and other plants, used for preserving malt-liquors, before the use of hops, 1492 Writing by ciphers was much used in this country, in the 17th century. It consists of substituting figures for words, the meaning of the figures being previously known by the party receiving the letter YEAR (the solar) found to consist of 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, 285 introduced by Cæsar, 45 B.C. Yellow dye for cotten invented by Dr. R. Williams, 1773 ZODIAC (signs of the) invented by Anaximander, 547, B.C. DISCOVERIES AND SETTLING OF COUNTRIES. AMERICA first discovered by Columbus, Oct. | America had negro-slaves first carried to it, 11, 1492 so named by Americus Vespuccius, 1497 - not known to the French till 1504 1508 - North, first discovered by Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian, 1497 America, North, settled, in 1610 - South, by Americus Vespuccius, 1497 - by Captain James Colnett, in 1789 Angola settled by the Portuguese, 1482 Antigua settled by the English, 1632 1449 BAFFIN'S BAY discovered, 1622 Bahama isles discovered, 1629 -- taken possession of by the English, Dec. Barbadoes discovered and planted, 1614 1628 Barrington isle, one of the Gallapagos, ex- Batavia, in the isle of Java, first fortified by Bermuda isles, first discovered, 1527 Boston, in New England, built, 1630 Bourbon isle, planted by the French, 1672 settled by the Spaniards, 1515 by the Dutch, 1624 -taken from Holland by the Portuguese, Britain first discovered to be an island, CALEDONIA, in America, settled, 1699 - New, discovered by Captain Cook, in California discovered by Cortes, 1543 taken possession of by Sir F. Drake, 1578 1534 - settled, 1540 - Quebec built, 1608 taken first by England, 1628 Canary isles discovered, and granted to - explored, 1393 Cape Blanco, on the coast of Africa, disco- Cape Breton discovered by the English, 1584 -restored, 1748 again taken and kept, 1758 Cape de Verde islands discovered, 1447 - planted by the Dutch, 1651 Cape Horn first sailed round, 1616 Carribbee isles discovered, 15 Ceylon (The isle of) discovere Captain Wallis, 1767 Chili discovered by Spain, 151 settled by the English, 162 Curacoa settled by the Dutch DARIEN settled, 1700 Davis's Straits discovered, 15 1 1494 St. Lawrence river discovered and explored by the French, 1508 Montserrat in the West Indies, discovered St. Salvador, the first land discovered in the by Columbus, 1493 - planted by England, 1632 NEVIS planted by England, 1628 New England planted by the Puritans, 1620 Newfoundland discovered by Cabot, June 24, 1497 - settled, 1614 New Guinea discovered, 1699 New Holland discovered by the Dutch, 1628 New Spain, or Mexico, discovered, 1518 explored in 1769 New Plymouth built and settled, 1620 Nootka, in the N. W. of America, discovered, 1778 -settled by the English, 1789 OTAHEITE, or George the Third's Island, discovered, June 18, 1765 West Indies, or America, by Columbus, October 11, 1492 REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES, PHENOMENA, ABSTINENCE (pretended) of Ann Moor, of Aerolites. (See Showers, page 126.) Aurora Borealis, about forty columns, which BALL of fire fell, during a thunder-storm, Bicephalus, or double-formed child, Chris tina Ritta, born in Sardinia, March 12, 1829 Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, the birth- Bosia (the village of), at Piedmont, near Boston, the tide breaking down the bank of the sea, deluged the town and the country Brixton, in Norfolk, (the gro very considerable extent, feet, June, 1788 Bulkeley (a hill at), near Ches trees on it of a considerable down, on July 8, 1657, into so very deep that the top were not to be seen Burning hill or cliff, on the coast of Weymouth Bay, island of Portsmouth, appea 16, 1827 CANNON-BALL weighing 961bs ing 30 inches in circumfere the ruins of the castle of I 1811 Charles the First, (the sword straps fell from the eques at Charing-cross, April 14, Coffin, stone one, cut out of containing a complete skel der the parish church in Le built 700 years ago, 1809 supposed to contain the queen of Edward IV. a children, discovered in sey's chapel at Windsor, -stone one, of immense size perfect skeleton of a mar entire, discovered in digg Burford, in Oxfordshire, supposed to have been in the middle of the 8t 20, 1814 Combustion (spontaneous) of in the church-yard of Plain and of the roots of trees, Magland, Savoy, Aug. 1832 - of turpentine, in Mr. Mur distillery, Ireland, May - of a fountain in Italy, May REMARKABLE OCCURREN Combustion, spontaneous.ous Human Combustion.) Column of fire appeared in t 30 days, 390 Comets (the principal) hav Biela's comet, Sept. 24th. the great comet, Aug. 23 Conjunction of the sun and m planets took place, 1186 DARKNESS (an unaccountab |