scarcely ever be got to make herself useful with the needlework of the family, on the plea that her eyesight was bad, though it was noticed that on particular occasions she could see keenly enough. The children, therefore, used to say that aunty pretended blindness that she might always keep holiday, and do no work. Now the blind from their infirmity are of course in general exempted from labour, and in this view always keep holiday; and when the twilight hour comes, when those that can work, or read, &c., can no longer see to do so, it is Blindman's Holiday to them, and they of necessity rest accordingly. AMBROSE FLORENCE.

Travelling Expenses at the Close of the Seventeenth Century. - Coaches (Vol. vi., pp. 51.98.). -The statement given under the former title is manifestly absurd; it is either some egregious blunder, or a hoax on your contributor. The following extract from Chamberlayne's State of England for 1692 (and I believe the same account is given in earlier editions, but 1692 is the earliest I have at hand) gives an official statement of the expense and mode of travelling in those days, by those who did not travel with their own horses, and will show that stage coaches were of a much earlier date than is assigned to them in W. H. C.'s article on "Coaches," in your No. 144., p. 98. :

"Moreover, if any gentleman desire to ride post to any principal town in England, post-horses are always in readiness (taking no horse without the consent of his owner), which in other kings' reigns was not duly observed; and only 3d. is demanded for every English mile, and for every stage to the post-boy 4d. for conducting. Besides this excellent convenience of conveying letters and men on horse-back, there is of late such an admirable commodiousness, both for men and women of better rank, to travel from London to almost any town of England, and to almost all the villages near this great city, that the like has not been known in the world, and that is by stage coaches, wherein one may be transported to any place, sheltered from foul weather and foul ways, free from endamaging one's health or body by hard jogging or over-violent motion; and this not only at a low price, as about a shilling for every five miles, but with velocity and speed, as that the posts in some foreign countries make not more miles in a day; for the stage-coaches called Flying-coaches' make forty or fifty miles in a day; as from London to Oxford or Cambridge, and that in the space of twelve hours, not counting the time for dining, setting forth not too early nor coming in too late." Chamberlayne's Present State, 1692, Part ii. p. 206. And I find this same notice continued in all the editions of the work down to 1748, the last I happen to have. The later editions add, that these coaches "now perform sometimes 70, 80, or 100 miles, to Southampton, Bury, Cirencester, and Norwich." C.

"Balnea, vina, Venus" (Vol. vi., p. 74.). - In reply to R. F. L. I beg to say that Martial is the

Fell Family (Vol. iii., p. 142.; Vol. iv., p. 256.). The only known descendant of Judge Fell of Swarthmore Hall, is, I am informed, a Mr. Abrahams, druggist, Bold Street, Liverpool. My informant also states that Fell of Brycliff was no relation of the Chancellor. J. R. RELTON.

Bitter Beer (Vol. vi., p. 72.). - I find in Parkhurst's Heb. Lex. sub voce שֵׁכָר St. Jerome, Epist. ad Nepotianum, quoted as saying, that in Hebrew "any intoxicating liquor is called sicera, whether made of corn, the juice of apples, honey, dates, or any other fruit." It is clear, therefore, that sicera does occasionally mean beer, and it is in Scripture set generally in opposition to wine. Can it be shown ever to mean alcohol? In my former Note these references were not given :

"Lupo salictario Germani."

Plinii Hist. Nat., xxi. 15.

of this work are remarkable for the peculiar epithets, &c. attached to particular words, for the purpose, it would seem, of instilling their opinions into the minds of the younger students. The words, for instance, Hæresis, Papa, may show this. The first is described as "Impia, scelerata, exitiosa, horrida, detestanda, insana, mendax," &c. Papa, on the other hand, is "Sanctus, venerandus; cui summa potestas terrarum cælique data est; cujus vestigia adorat Cæsar, et auro vestiti murice Reges; sceptra vicesque Dei gerens; qui regna infera Ditis, cœlorumque fores aperit et claudit."

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

C. I. R.

Every day furnishes additional proof how a taste for archæological studies is spreading on every side, and that the example set by the Archæological Societies of London is being zealously and successfully imitated throughout the country. We have now before us two volumes, in which are recorded the Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archæological and Natural History Society, during the years 1849, 1850, and 1851; and two volumes more creditable to the several parties engaged in their production could hardly be desired. papers are well considered, and for the most part appropriate that is to say, touching rather on the specialties of Somersetshire, than on points of more general interest; and the illustrations are executed in a way to put to shame many which have been issued to the world by societies having greater means, and putting forth greater claims, than the Somersetshire Archæological and Natural History Society.

The

While on the subject of such societies we may announce that an Archæological Society for the county of Surrey is in the course of formation, and that gentlemen desirous of joining it, or promoting its objects, are invited to communicate with the Honorary Secretary, Mr. Webb, 1. St. James' Square, Notting Hill.

Postulates and Data -of which we have eleven numbers now before us-is a new weekly periodical which may lay claim to the character of thorough novelty, for each number contains only three or four articles ; and these are as varied as can well be imagined, - an attack on the Admiralty boroughs and on the mismanagement of Admiralty contracts being found side by side with a Dissertation On the Seventy Weeks of Daniel and Annotationes Criticæ in Platonem. It is certainly a literary curiosity; and though the price at which it is published must prevent its ever attaining a wide circulation, Postulates and Data will probably find a good many admirers among those who share the opinions it advocates, and who are able to appreciate the scholarship displayed in its pages.

Lord Mahon has just published a Letter to Jared Sparks, Esq., being a Rejoinder to his Reply to the Strictures of Lord Mahon and others on the Mode of Editing the Writings of Washington, in which, with the courtesy which distinguishes all his writings, Lord Mahon withdraws the charge he had made against that gentleman of

having made " additions" to the Letters of Washington; but clearly establishes that of his having made "omissions and corrections," and these too in a manner prejudicial to the "Truth of History."

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ASTICAL HISTORY, from the First to the Twelfth Century inclusive. By the Rev. E. S. FOULKES, M. A., Fellow and Tutor of Jesus College, Oxford.

The main plan of the work has been borrowed from Spanheim, a learned, though certainly not unbiassed, writer of the seventeenth century: the matter compiled from Spondanus and Spanheim, Mosheim and Fleury, Gieseler and Döllinger, and others, who have been used too often to be specified, unless when reference to them appeared desirable for the benefit of the reader. Yet I believe I have never once trusted to them on a point involving controversy, without examining their authorities. The one object that I have had before me has been to condense facts, without either garbling or omitting any that should be noticed in a work like the present, and to give a fair and impartial view of the whole state of the case.Preface.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. The Fifth Edition enlarged, exemplified by 1700 Woodcuts.

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"The Text has been considerably augmented, as well by the additions of many new Articles, as by the enlargement of the old ones, and the number of Illustrations has been increased from eleven hundred to seventeen hundred.

"Several additional Foreign examples are given, for the purpose of comparison with English work, of the same periods.

"In the present Edition, considerably more attention has been given to the subject of Mediæval Carpentry, the number of Illustrations of Open Timber Roofs' has been much increased, and most of the Carpenter's terms in use at the period have been introduced with authorities." - Preface to the Fifth Edition.

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S

Just published, foolscap 8vo., price 5s. in cloth. YMP PATHIES of the CONTINENT, or PROPOSALS for a NEW REFORMATION. By JOHN BAPTIST VON HIRSCHER, D.D., Dean of the Metropolitan Church of Freiburg, Breisgau, and Professor of Theology in the Roman Catholic University of that City. Translated and edited with Notes and Introduction by the Rev. ARTHUR CLEVELAND COXE, Μ. Α., Rector of St. John's Church, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.

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In the other two copies this part of the crossline of the f is not so visible to the naked eye, but when magnified is distinctly seen to have been bent and broken off by an accident at press.

I feel it incumbent upon me to let MR. COLLIER know that there are variations in the copies of the second folio as well as in the first; corrections evidently made while the book was at press; but the printer certainly outdoes the negligence of him who put forth the first folio.

If MR. COLLIER will turn to Love's Labour's Lost, p. 143. col. 2. line 38., he will find a passage which, in the copies W and H in my possession, is thus given:

"If this austere unsociable life,

Change not you offer made in heate of blood:
If frosts, and fasts, hard lodging, and thine weeds
Nip not the gaudy blossomes of your Love."

Which in copy S is properly corrected by the printer thus:

"If this austere insociable life,

Change not your offer made in heate of blood:
If frosts, and fasts, hard lodging and thin weedes
Nip not the gaudy blossomes of your Love."

66

Again, in Much Ado about Nothing, p. 119. col. 1. line 10., copies W and S have "righthly," copy H corrects rightly;" and in the same column, line 10 from bottom, Wand S have "It thank," H corrects "I thank."

The pagination of the second folio is very confused and incorrect; the mistakes are too numerous to mention, but in one instance I find it corrected. In copy S, Love's Labour's Lost, the page which should be 123 is 132; this is remedied in the other two copies, which have it rightly 132.

There are probably many other instances of variation which a closer examination would develope. MR. COLLIER is doubtless aware of the lines repeated in pp. 171. and 196., and of the numerous other sphalmata which disfigure this volume.

It is singular that I should, just at this moment, have met with a copy of the second folio, which, like MR. COLLIER's, has been carefully corrected throughout, and it may not be unsatisfactory to him to know that the passage in Coriolanus,

"You Heard of Byles and Plagues,"

has not escaped the MS. corrector, who has deleted you, and reads,

"A Heard of Byles and Plagues."

It however appears to me that these anonymous corrections must stand upon their own intrinsic merits, and I cannot consider the correction "unheard of boils, &c." so undoubted that I could say of it, with MR. COLLIER, "this must be right." Heard is the way in which herd is spelt in other places; it occurs again in Act III. Sc. 1., where Coriolanus says:

"Are these your Heard?"

and the word being printed as it is with a capital letter, raises a doubt whether you Herd could possibly have been a mistake for unheard. The speech, interrupted and broken by passion, as it now stands seems to me more satisfactory.

But in these matters how difficult it is to propose any change which shall carry universal assent! I thought, with many others, the substitution of Bisson Multitude for Bosom Multiplied a happy emendation, yet we find that one strenuous dissentient voice is raised against it :

" Non equidem invideo; miror magis."

The majority on this occasion may be in the wrong, for I heard a defeated candidate at the late election declare that the minority were generally right! S. W. SINGER.

For thine own bowels which do call thee, fire
The meere effusion of thy proper loynes,
Do curse the gout," &c.

The second passage is thus printed in my copy, Richard II., Act I. Sc. 3.:

"The flye flow hours shall not determinate
The datelesse limit of thy deer exile: "

You will observe the word is printed "flye" with the final e, and the word dear is printed "deer." Mine is a very clean, well-printed copy, and the type remarkably distinct and clear.

It may be proper, however, to state, that although I have always considered my folio to be the edition of 1632, having purchased it as such about twenty years ago, when it had that date lettered on the back, yet it has not the original and genuine title-page, but instead thereof one beautifully executed with a pen :

MR. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S

COMEDIES, HISTORIES, &

TRAGEDIES,

[Here is inserted the Portrait by Dræshout.]

LONDON

Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed. Blount.

I once had an opportunity of comparing it, rather hastily, with one which professed to be the third edition, and I was struck with their exact resemblance in many particulars.

Perhaps MR. COLLIER may be able to determine whether my copy be indeed the edition of 1632, or favour me with some certain criteria for settling the point. J. T. A.