Black's Picturesque Tourist and Road and Railway Guide Book Through England and Wales

thedral is the finest building of the kind in the empire, displaying the most charming features of the various styles of Gothic. It is by internal measurement 524 feet long, 222 feet from north to south in transepts, and 99 feet high. It was first founded in 626, by Edwin, the Saxon King of Northumberland, and through succeeding ages has been enlarged, repaired, and improved with great taste. It suffered severely from fire in 1829, and again in 1840. From the time of Paulinus, the first archbishop, who was appointed in 625, down to the present moment, there have been no fewer than 92 archbishops of York. Besides the cathedral, there are twenty-one parish churches within the walls, and three in the suburbs. The city is thus peculiarly attractive to the ecclesiologist. The other objects of public interest are the city walls; the castle originally built by William I., since restored, and now used as a gaol (including within its walls Clifford's Tower, said to have been raised by the Romans); the ruins of St Mary's Abbey; the Yorkshire Museum and gardens; the Assembly Rooms; the public cemetery, &c. The charitable institutions of the city are very numerous. It contains upwards of twelve dissenting chapels. York carries on a considerable river trade, and has some traffic in gloves, linens, glass, and drugs, as well as in printing and bookselling, and it derives great advantage from the influx of visitors to the assizes and the races. The learned Alcuin was a native of York, as were also Flaxman and Etty the Academicians. York usually gives the title of Duke to the second son of the sovereign. Two M.P. Pop. 1851, 40,359.

The Great Northern Railway forms, however, the most direct line of communication between the Metropolis and the north of England. From the London terminus at King's Cross, this line proceeds northward by Barnet, Hatfield, Stevenage, Hitchin, Biggleswade. St Neot's, and Huntingdon, to Peterborough ; thence by Grantham, Newark, East Retford, Bawtry, Doncaster, and Womersley, joining the York and North Midland at Burton-Salmon. A loop line leaves the main trunk at Peterborough, and passes to the eastward through Spalding, Boston, Lincoln, and Gainsborough to Retford.

The distance from London to Peterborough, by this route, is 76 miles ;-the total distance from London to York, 191 miles, and from London to Hull, 1731 miles. (See description of Great Northern lines.)

CLVIII. YORK TO DURHAM, NEWCASTLE, AND BERWICK, BY RAILWAY,

North Otterington.

The ruins of Richmond Castle are situated on the south side of the own, overlooking the Swale, which runs in a deep valley beneath. The keep is about 100 feet high, and the shell almost entire. The walls are 11 feet thick. This castle was founded by Alain Rufus, Earl of Bretagne, who came over with William the Conqueror. Near the castle, on the opposite bank of the Swale, are the ruins of the Priory of St. Martin; and north of the town are the ruins and fine tower of a Greyfriary. Here are also the ruins of St. Nicholas's Hospital.

Branch to Richmond, 9 miles.

Branch to Leeming Lane, 5 miles.

Yafforth.
Lazenby Hall.

Hutton Bonville. Pepper Hall, 1 mile. Halnaby Hall, Sir J. R. Milbanke, Bart.

Richmond is delightfully situated on a lofty eminence rising from the Swale. It has two old churches, St. Mary's and Trinity, several dissenting chapels, a townhall, free grammar and other schools. It is noted for its extensive corn market, and has a considerable traffic in lead. The surrounding country is remarkably picturesque. 2 M.P. Pop. 1851, 4969. Near the town is Aske Hall, the seat of the Earl of Zetland.