12 HOWDEN is a small town of considerable antiquity, with the remains of a palace of the Bishops of Durham. The church is one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture in the kingdom,| has a good tower, and some curious monuments. Pop. 1851, 2235. Near Holme is Holme Hall, 8 (Hon. C. Langdale.) for several centuries the property of the Constables of Flamborough, who sold it to Sir Marmaduke Langdale, the steady adherent of Charles I. Market Weighton carries on a considerable trade by means of a canal, which communicates with the Humber. Here are several barrows containing human bones, and the remains of armour. 2 miles distant Houghton Hall, Hon. C. Langdale. 101 cr. the Dutch river. Rawcliffe. Armin. Booth Ferry. HOWDEN. The Dutch river is a canal, so called because 173 it was cut in the reign of Charles 11., by Van Mulden, and his Dutch and Flemish settlers. 176 178 1793 Two or three miles east of Booth Ferry, and on the Onse, is the rising port of GOOLE, which carries on a considerable trade, and has extensive docks and warehouses. Pop. 1851, 4722. cr. the river Ouse. (To South Cave, 12 m. Benland. Howden Grange. 1811 Near Holme is Spalding Moor, on which is a remark1831 able hill, 120 feet high, commanding an extensive prospect The village is on the plain, but the church is situ184 ated on the top of the hill. Beyond Holme is Melbourne Hall (Sir H. M. Va186 distant from Holme, is Evervasour, Bart.); and, 2 miles ingham Hall, (M. Constable Maxwell, Esq.) a noble modern mansion, in which is a fine portrait of Charles L. by CLII. LONDON TO GREAT GRIMBSY THROUGH LINCOLN & MARKET RASEN. There is another and better road to Great Grimsby by Market Rasen and Caistor, but it is 5 miles longer. CAISTOR, a place of great antiquity, is supposed to derive its name from the Roman word "Castrum." Some Roman and Saxon antiquities have been discovered here. The church is partly of Norman and partly of early English architecture. There are also several chapels, banks, &c., in this town. GREAT GRIMSBY, anciently Gryme, is an ancient town near the Humber, by means of which it carries on a considerable trade. It was of sufficient importance to furnish Edward III. with 11 vessels and 170 mariners for his armament against Calais; but the harbour gradually fell to decay, until it was renovated about the beginning of the present century. There are large warehouses and timber-yards attached to the harbour, and the new docks and tidal basin, commenced in 1849, and to occupy 43 acres, will, combined with its railways, soon render Grimsby a formidable rival to Hull. Amount of Customs' duties in 1850, £26,584:4:1. St. James's church contains some ancient monuments, and a large font of early English character, and the steeple is a beautiful specimen of English pointed architecture. One M.P. Pop. of Parl. borough, 1851, 12,263. CLIII. LONDON TO GREAT GRIMSBY THROUGH SPALDING, BOSTON, ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From G. Grims. From Loudon. ON LEFT FROM LOND. From Spalding Crowland is 9 miles; to Holbeach, 7 miles. CROWLAND is a place of great antiquity, and extensive abbey, of which 764 52 483 471 44 To Wainfleet, 12 miles. 40 38 From Hicks's Hall to Northborough. 81 88 cr. river Welland, and 89 enter Lincolnshire. Pinchbeck. Sutterton. Kirton. BOSTON (see p. 431.) cr. river Witham. Burton Corner. Sibsey. Stickford. 100 102 104 1092 Milton Park, Earl Fitzwilliam. About 8 m. from Spaiding, on the right is HOLBEACH, a town of great antiquity; has a Gothic church, and two grammar schools. Pop. 1851, 2245. DONINGTON has an ancient church, on which are vestiges of a Roman inscription. To Donington, 4 m. SWINESHEAD has a handsome church and a free school. King John first rested here after the loss of his baggage in crossing the neighbouring marshes. Pinchbeck has a fine old church. To Swineshead, 7 m. West Skirbeck House. To Swineshead, 64 m.. 116 and thence to Sleaford, *The road is four miles shorter by the route through Ware and Royston, p. 382. + At Tattershall are the remains of a castle erected by Sir R. Cromwell in the 15th century, and the ruins of a church, which was once a magnificent structure. To Alford, 3 miles. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Hagnaby Priory. 134 South Thoresby Hall, 24 Calceby Beck Houses. 140 C. T. Wood, Esq. Burwell Park (H. Lis- 21 ter, Esq.) the birth-place of the celebrated Saralı Burwell. Calceby Ruins. South Ormesby House, 143 C.J. H. M. Massingberd, Erg. Fotherby. 152 Utterby. 153 Ludborough. 155 North Thoresby. Waith. 153 Holton-le-Clay. 160 2 m. distant Waltham Hall. To Caistor, 11 miles. Bradley and beyond. Laceby Hall. BOSTON is by some supposed to have derived its name (Botolph's Town) from St. Botolph's Monastery, which stood here. This monastery was built A. D. 654, and was destroyed by the Danes A.D. 870. Various other religious houses existed here, but not a vestige of them now remains. The most interesting building in Boston is St. Botolph's church, which was built in 1309. It is a spacious and noble pile, 245 feet long, and 98 feet wide within the walis. Its tower is one of the loftiest in the kingdom, being 300 feet high, lantern-shaped at the top, and visible at sea for nearly 40 miles. Boston carries on an extensive trade with the north of Europe in hemp, iron, timber, and tar. There are some few manufactures here * Horncastle, on the Bane, is noted for its horse fairs, and has a considerable trade in tanning. It is supposed to have been the Castra Hibernia of the Romans. Pop. 1851, 4921. Near it is Scrivelsby Court (Sir H. Dymoke, Bart.), the seat of the Dymoke family, champions of England. for sail-cloth, canvas, and sacking. There are also iron and brass foundries. Py means of the Witham and the canals connected with it, Boston has a navigable communication with Lincoln, Gainsborough, Nottingham, and Derby, and is connected by railway with all parts of the kingdom. Boston has a guild-hall, assembly-rooms, several churches, chapels, and banks, free grammar, blue-coat, and national schools, a theatre, several charitable institutions, &c. Boston affords the title of baron to the Irby family. Fox, the martyrologist, was a native of Boston. Two M.P. Pop. 1851, 17,158. LOUTH is pleasantly situated at the eastern foot of the Wolds, and on the bank of the little river Luad. The church of St. James is one of the finest in the county. It has a lofty and elegant tower, surmounted by a rich octagonal spire, the whole 288 feet high. The east window is remarkable for its beautiful tracery. The grounds of the vicarage house are curiously laid out, as if attached to a her mitage. Louth possesses a session-house, a house of correction, a guild-hall, assembly rooms, several churches, chapels, and banks, a small theatre, &c. There are some manufactories of carpets, rugs, and blankets, of soap and paper, besides breweries, &c. An export trade is carried on in corn and wool. Louth is a station on the Great Northern Railway. Pop. 1851, 10,467. CLIV. LONDON TO CAMBRIDGE THROUGH WARE, 51 Miles. CAMBRIDGE, the county town of Cambridgeshire, stands on the river Cam, which is navigable to the Ouse, and communicates with the sea through the port of Lynn. It derives its name from the river on which it is situated. The ancient name of the river was Granta; and in Doomsday Book the town is called Grentebridge. Cambridge is a town of great antiquity. It was burned by the Danes in 871, and again in 1010. A castle was built here by William the Conqueror, but it was early suffered to go to decay, and all that now remains of it is the gate house. The chief object of attraction at Cambridge is the university, which consists of seventeen colleges and halls, situated in different parts of the town. The origin of this university is involved in obscurity, but it is supposed that Cambridge first became a seat of learning in the seventh century. According to Mr. Hallam, the date of its first incorporation is the fifteenth of Henry III., or 1231. Others say, however, that this is a mistake, and that Henry only sent a royal letter, directing that lodgings for the students should be valued according to the custom of the university, by two masters and two townsmen. The first formal charter which is extant was granted by Edward I. in the twentieth year of his reign. Some important privileges were granted to the university by Edward III. in 1333, in consequence of which such jealousy was created among the townsmen, that they at length, in 1381, broke out into open violence, and seized on and destroyed the university charters. All the present colleges or halls have been founded since the time of Edward I. Each college is a separate corporate body, holding the buildings and libraries, and possessing large funds in money, in land, in houses, and in advowsons. The constitutions of these colleges are various, as well as the amount of their property and the mode in which the scholars, fellows, and masters are appointed and remunerated. The university is a corporation by itself, to which the public library, the senate-house, the printing-press, the observatory, and some other establishments belong, and it also possesses power to make regulations for the government of the whole body, as well as to choose several of the professors.* The Chancellor is the head of the * Some of the professors are selected by the Crown, and hence their titles of Regius Pro'essors. |