tions, a mechanics' institute, a theatre, &c. The borough is in the parish of Jarrow, famous for its Benedictine monastery, of which some remains still exist. The original building was destroyed in the invasion of William the Conqueror, but was subsequently repaired, and ultimately became a cell to Durham. Some remains of the ancient conventual church are embodied in the present church of Jarrow, and in the vestry there is preserved a chair which is said to have been the seat of the venerable Bede, who, born near it, spent the greater part of his life in the monastery of Jarrow. His well is still shown. South Shields was incorporated 1850. One M.P. Pop. of parl. bor. 1851, 28,974. South Shields is connected by railway with all parts of the empire. NORTH SHIELDS extends about a mile along the north bank of the Tyne, opposite South Shields. It is a town of considerable antiquity, having arisen about the time of Edward I., under the protection of the prior of Tynemouth, who established a market, and formed a harbour; but in consequence of the opposition of the burgesses of Newcastle, who regarded the formation of this town as a violation of their charter, he was compelled to destroy the buildings he had erected. During the time of the Commonwealth an act, was passed by Cromwell for the formation of quays, and the establishment of a market; but it was not till the eighteenth century that the restrictions upon the trade of the place were removed. North Shields possesses a spacious new church, and numerous chapels, a scientific and mechanics' institute, a subscription library, and a theatre. It is a railway station, and a place of very considerable trade, and exports great quantities of coals, chiefly to London, and the eastern coasts of England and Scotland. Ship-building and its kindred branches of manufacture are actively carried on. At the entrance of the town from the sea are two lighthouses, and near them is Clifford's Fort. It forms a part of the parl. borough of Tynemouth. Pop. of North Shields 1851, .8882. TYNEMOUTH is a parliamentary borough and seaport at the mouth of the Tyne, where ships receive their cargoes from Newcastle. It has been supposed that the Romans had a post on the site of Tynemouth Castle. On the same site a religious house was afterwards erected, which was enclosed and fortified in the time of William the Conqueror. Here Malcolm III., King of Scotland, and his son Prince Edward were interred. It was twice besieged and taken, during the great civil war. Considerable remains still exist both of the priory and the castle. The priory church was used as the parish church until the time of Charles II., when a new church was built at North Shields. There are a lighthouse and some other modern buildings in the castle. Tynemouth is much frequented in the bathing season, and some good baths have recently been erected. The Marsden Rocks, a few miles from Tynemouth, are frequently visited by parties of pleasure. Tynemouth sends one M.P. Pop. of par. bor. 1851, 29,170. The parliamentary borough comprehends the township of Tynemouth, North Shields, Chirton, Preston, and Cullercoates. Cullercoates is a small bathing town two miles from Tynemouth. Eight miles from Tynemouth is Seaton Delaval, formerly the seat of the Delavals, now the property of Lord Hastings. It was erected from designs by Sir John Vanbrugh, and was one of the finest mansions in Northumberland, but was unfortunately destroyed by fire in 1822. There is a mausoleum within the grounds, and the chapel, which is as old as the time of William the Conqueror, is one of the most complete and beautiful little pieces of antiquity in England. CXLII. FROM LONDON TO KIRKBY MOORSIDE THROUGH HELMSLEY BLACKMOOR, 227 Miles. 3 miles dist. Hoving- 10 ham Hall. Helmsley is a small market-town on a declivity near the Rye. The inhabitants are employed in agriculture and the linen manufacture. Here are the ruins of a castle which was taken by Fairfax in the civil war. The grounds of Duncombe Park, half a mile distant, are laid out with great taste, and comnand fine prospects. Four miles distant are the ruins of Rivaulx Abbey, founded in 1181 53 for Cistercian monks. The situation is one of remarkable beauty. Five miles from Helmsley are the ruins of Ryland Abbey. |