virtue and useful knowledge. We ought to love our enemies, and to pray for them. Need I mention Howard, ever anxious to alleviate human misery? Sound thought and well matured reflection could have no share in such performances. Can Rolla's words add vigour to the virtuous energies which inspire your hearts? Do not let slip this opportunity, for you may never have such another. This disappointment shall not subdue my courage, though it will make me use greater caution. The absurdity of some of these opinions, and the uncertain foundation of others, cannot escape detection. Am I to consider myself free to accept or reject that grave proposal? 6. PARTICIPLES WITH AUXILIARIES. [Text-Book, pt. 2. ch. 7.] Rule 12. The auxiliary verb Have forms a compound verb by the addition of a perfect participle; as, “All Europe has borne testimony to his merit;" "Have you written the letter ?" Rule 13. The auxiliary verb Be forms a compound verb by the addition of a perfect or an imperfect participle; as, "The letter is written;" "I am writing another letter;" "The parcel is to be forwarded tomorrow." QUESTIONS. Repeat the Rule for the use of the Auxiliary Have. What name is given to the compound tense I have written? - I had written ?—I shall have written? Repeat the Rule for the use of the Verb Be as an Auxiliary. What name is given to the form I am writing?—I was writing? What sense has a Perfect Participle when preceded by the Auxiliary Be? What is it that some grammarians call the Passive Voice of a Verb? When the Perfect Participle occurs without an Auxiliary, how should it be parsed? In parsing the following sentences, take the parts of compound Verbs separately. Give the syntactical as well as the etymological parsing. EXERCISES. They have sent me to the place to which you were sent. He is searching for something which he does not wish to find. On the Peak of Teneriffe, five zones of temperature may be traced, at successive intervals, by corresponding zones of vegetation. The companions of our childhood, and of each succeeding period, have had a great influence on our characters. The news was immediately published through the camp. Very accurate experiments have been made, to ascertain the velocity with which sound travels in the atmosphere. Columbus, eager to know the state of the colony which he planted, was proceeding directly to Hispaniola. Some of his adherents having settled in that country were known to be stirring up rebellion. Cascades and fountains, whose waters are in their fall divided into drops, exhibit rainbows to the spectator if properly situated during the time of the sun's shining. He found the cardinal languishing under a mortal distemper. He must have met with no very gracious reception upon his return to Spain. The opportunity presented to you was let slip, because, fearing to be. rejected, you would not make the required application. 7. SUBSTANTIVES REFERRING TO THE SAME THING. [Text-Book, pt. 2. ch. 8.] Rule 14. When two nouns, or a noun and pronoun, occur in apposition, the one serving to identify or explain the other, they are in the same case; as, "William my cousin, assisted me;" "We spoke of Campbell the poet;" "Will you slight your benefactor-him who saved you from such misfortune?" Rule 15. When two nouns, or a noun and pronoun, are related by the interposition of a passive or a neuter verb, they are in the same case; as, "William is my cousin ;" ;" "He became a teacher;" "My cousin is named William;" "I knew him to be a good teacher." 66 QUESTIONS. What is Apposition? What is the Rule for Substantives in apposition? When may the Conjunction or be regarded as joining words in apposition? Give an example. What is the use of as when employed between words in apposition? Give an example. Repeat the Rule for Substantives related by a Passive or a Neuter Verb? Give an example, adapted to that Rule, of two Substantives in the objective, with an Imperfect Participle as the apposition Verb. EXERCISES. Ye must submit yourselves to me in the name of my lord the King of Castile. Of the four writers who have transmitted this story, two, Matthew and John, were apostles. Highest queen of state, great Juno comes. Clerc, or Clericus, a scholar, came to signify an ecclesiastic, because the clergy were, for many centuries, the only scholars. The popes by degrees became powerful temporal princes. The meaning, the primitive meaning, of both words is the same. King John of France was taken prisoner by Edward the Third at the battle of Poictiers. Grammar may be divided into two chief departments, Etymology and Syntax. The Moors continued still to be a gallant people. I profess myself to be an observer and a friend of mankind. Nights are the days of Thought, her most illumined hours. As a parent he claims respect. A Magus, in the old sense of the term, had nothing in common with the impostors that are now called magicians. The Magi were wise men, who applied themselves to the study of nature and religion. The sound must seem an echo to the sense. They regarded divide his do that prince as a usurper, and agreed to minions between them. The loadstone, or magnet, is an ore of iron. That declaration will operate as a powerful incentive. Whom can they accuse as the authors of all this misery but the Lacedæmonians? 8. NOMINATIVES INDEPENDENT, AND INTERJECTIONS. [Text-Book, pt. 2. ch. 9.] Rule 16. A Noun or Pronoun related to an imperfect participle, but having its case independent of any concord or regimen, is in the nominative absolute; as, "He being sick, his sister would not leave the house;' "The ships coming in sight, all fear was dismissed." Rule 17. Interjections are generally abrupt expressions independent of syntax; as, "Nay, I will not permit you;" "Ah! when shall I return!" Rule 18. The nominative (of the name of a person or thing) directly addressed is preceded by the interjection O, expressed or understood; as, "We will not serve thy gods, O king;" "O my country, how art thou degraded;" "Children, obey your parents." Rule 19. A noun used abruptly, in exclamation, is in the nominative case; as, 66 The friends of my youthwhere are they?" "Your land-strangers devour it.” QUESTIONS. What is meant by a Nominative Absolute? Give the Rule for what is ordinarily called the Nominative Absolute. Repeat the general Rule concerning Interjections. What particular Rule respects the Interjection O? What is the use of the form called the Nominative Addressed. Repeat the Rule regarding the Nominative Exclamatory. Explain the use of that form. EXERCISES. The weather being favourable, the galleys made the coast of Cornwall. What friend, alas! will aid me now! Come summer, sweet summer, with sunshine and gladness. Your friends not liking the proposal, I would have you try some other course. King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? An Orpheus! an Orpheus! he works on the crowd. No, sir, I have not heard him preach. The officer quitted the room, his face glowing with indignation. Hence, vain deluding joys! But hail, thou goddess, sage and holy! I am now less sanguine, the world having too often disappointed me. Stay, O stranger, and contemplate the scene. This world, my dear children, being full of snares, cannot be enjoyed without circumspection. Poor forlorn creature! where are now the flatterers that he could once inspire and command! These mean pretences -I detest them. What! are ye still in doubt? Why are your harps silent, O bards, the king having returned with victory! |