Introduction to Stellar WindsCambridge University Press, 17 de juny 1999 - 438 pàgines This long-awaited graduate textbook, written by two pioneers in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to the observations, theories, and consequences of stellar winds. The rates of mass loss and the wind velocities are explained from basic physical principles. This textbook also includes chapters clearly explaining the formation and evolution of interstellar bubbles and the effects of mass loss on the evolution of high- and low-mass stars. Each topic is introduced simply to explain the basic processes and then developed to provide a solid foundation for understanding current research. This authoritative textbook is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers seeking an understanding of stellar winds and, more generally, supersonic flows from astrophysical objects. It is based on courses taught in Europe and the United States over the past twenty years and includes seventy problems for coursework or self-study. |
Continguts
Historical overview | 1 |
12 Chronology of the development of the subject of stellar winds | 5 |
13 Conclusions | 6 |
14 Suggested reading | 7 |
Observations of stellar winds | 8 |
21 The formation of spectral lines in stellar winds | 10 |
22 P Cygni profiles | 13 |
23 Emission lines from winds | 21 |
87 Line driven winds in the point source limit | 214 |
88 A physical explanation of the line driven wind models | 224 |
89 The correction for the finite size of the star | 226 |
810 Multiple scattering | 233 |
811 Wind blanketing | 237 |
812 Rotating line driven winds | 238 |
813 The instability of line driven winds | 240 |
814 Conclusions | 244 |
24 The infrared and radio excess from stellar winds | 25 |
25 Molecular emission lines from the winds of cool stars | 31 |
26 The infrared and millimeter radiation from dust | 39 |
27 Mass loss rates and terminal velocities of winds from hot stars | 46 |
28 Mass loss rates and terminal velocities of winds from cool stars | 52 |
29 Conclusions | 57 |
210 Suggested reading | 58 |
Basic concepts isothermal winds | 60 |
32 Isothermal winds with an 𝒇 r² force | 70 |
33 Isothermal winds with an 𝒇 vdvdr force | 78 |
34 Isothermal winds with general additional forces | 80 |
35 The analogy of rocket nozzles | 82 |
36 Conclusions about isothermal winds | 90 |
37 Suggested reading | 91 |
nonisothermal winds | 92 |
41 Winds with momentum and energy deposition | 93 |
42 Polytropic winds | 102 |
43 The critical point of momentum equations with multiple zeropoints | 110 |
44 Conclusions about nonisothermal winds | 114 |
45 Suggested reading | 115 |
Coronal winds | 116 |
51 The energy of a coronal wind with heat conduction | 117 |
52 The momentum equation | 119 |
53 The calculation of coronal wind models | 121 |
55 Mass loss rates and terminal velocities of coronal winds | 123 |
56 Conclusions | 124 |
57 Suggested reading | 125 |
6 Sound wave driven winds | 126 |
62 The acoustic wave luminosity | 129 |
63 The pressure due to acoustic waves | 132 |
64 Sound wave driven winds without dissipation | 133 |
65 Sound wave driven winds with dissipation | 139 |
67 Suggested reading | 140 |
Dust driven winds | 141 |
71 The physical processes of dust driven winds | 143 |
72 The momentum of a continuum driven wind | 147 |
73 Dust grain opacities | 150 |
74 The temperature of grains and the wind inner boundary | 157 |
75 Combined dust and gas flow | 161 |
76 The mass loss rate of a dust driven wind | 164 |
77 The supersonic structure of dust driven winds | 166 |
78 Limits on the mass loss rates of dust driven winds | 170 |
79 Conclusions | 178 |
710 Suggested reading | 179 |
Line driven winds | 181 |
81 Physical processes in line driven winds | 182 |
82 The energy and momentum of line driven winds | 187 |
83 The absorption of photons in an expanding atmosphere | 192 |
84 The Sobolev approximation | 195 |
85 The radiative acceleration due to spectral lines | 200 |
86 A realistic estimate of the radiative force due to lines | 208 |
815 Suggested reading | 245 |
Magnetic rotator theory | 247 |
91 The equatorial wind theory | 249 |
92 The angular momentum and energy constants | 253 |
93 Angular momentum transfer | 255 |
94 The purely radial wind equations | 256 |
95 Magnetic energy transfer | 257 |
96 Solution of the radial equation of motion | 260 |
97 The fast magnetic rotator equations | 265 |
98 The spin down times | 276 |
99 Magnetic rotators in combination with other wind forces | 278 |
910 Conclusions | 281 |
911 Suggested reading | 282 |
Alfven wave driven winds | 284 |
101 The wind equations with a varying transverse B field | 286 |
l02 The propagation of Alfven waves | 290 |
l03 The radial momentum equation | 294 |
104 Cold Alfven wave driven winds | 297 |
105 Conclusions | 306 |
106 Suggested reading | 307 |
Outflowing disks from rotating stars | 309 |
111 Stars with ouflowing disks | 310 |
112 Outflowing disks formed by rotation induced bistability | 311 |
113 The wind compression model | 321 |
114 Disk formation | 334 |
115 2D hydrodynamical results | 337 |
116 Conclusions | 339 |
117 Suggested reading | 341 |
Winds colliding with the interstellar medium | 343 |
121 The structure of windISM interaction regions | 344 |
122 The evolution of a wind bubble | 350 |
123 The snowplow expansion of a wind bubble | 353 |
124 Ring nebulae around WolfRayet and newly formed O stars | 358 |
125 Planetary nebulae | 360 |
126 The deposition of mass and energy into the ISM | 365 |
127 Conclusions | 370 |
128 Suggested reading | 371 |
The effects of mass loss on stellar evolution | 373 |
132 The evolution of a 60 Mø star with mass loss | 376 |
133 The evolution of a 3 Mø star with mass loss | 379 |
134 Conclusions | 385 |
Problems | 386 |
141 Answers | 395 |
The chronology of stellar wind studies | 397 |
Elements of thermodynamics | 404 |
De IHopitals rule for equations with a singular point | 409 |
Physical and constants | 411 |
Bibliography | 412 |
Object index | 421 |
Index | 422 |
Altres edicions - Mostra-ho tot
Introduction to Stellar Winds Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers,Joseph P. Cassinelli Previsualització limitada - 1999 |
Introduction to Stellar Winds Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers,Joseph P. Cassinelli Previsualització no disponible - 1999 |
Frases i termes més freqüents
absorption AGB stars Alfvén wave amplitude angular momentum approximation assume asymptotic giant branch atmosphere bi-stability Calculate constant continuum cool stars critical point Cygni profiles decreases density depends derived disk distance dust driven winds effect emission lines energy input equatorial plane expression factor Figure flow flux force function gas pressure grains hot stars increases interaction interstellar medium ionization isothermal wind line driven winds lower boundary luminosity Mach number magnetic field magnetic rotator main sequence mass loss rate momentum equation observed occurs optical depth optically thick outflow outward parameters phase photons photosphere planetary nebulae polytropic wind radiation pressure radiative acceleration scattering shell shock shows Sobolev solar wind solution sonic point speed stellar wind structure subsonic region supergiants supersonic Teff temperature terminal velocity transonic unit mass velocity gradient velocity law Vesc wave driven winds wavelength wind compressed wind models Wolf-Rayet stars