SUBJUNCTIVE MODE (H.).

Prin. LXXXII. A Verb) in predication, being in the Subjunctive Mode, is in the

IMPERATIVE

Prin. LXXXIII. A Verb

PAST TENSE (H21)

or

PRESENT TENSE (H22).

MODE (H10).

in predication, being in the PRESENT TENSE (H2). Imperative Mode, is in the

Def. 78. A Verb denoting past time, previous to a certain other past time, is in the PRIOR PAST TENSE.

EXAMPLES. "I had received the intelligence before you arrived.”
Def. 79. A Verb denoting past time, is in the
PAST TENSE.

EXAMPLES. "Time slept on flowers, and lent his glass to hope."

Def. 80. A Verb denoting past time, in a period reachPRIOR PRESENT TENSE.

ing to the present, is in the

EXAMPLES. "And I am glad that he has lived thus long,
And glad that he has gone to his reward.'

"I have been sitting by the hill side."

Def. 81. A Verb expressing an act or event as now taking place, is in the

PRESENT TENSE.

EXAMPLES. "There Joy gilds the mountains, all purple and bright, And Peace, in the vale, rests in gentle repose."

Def. 82. A Verb denoting that an act or event will be accomplished before a certain future time, is in the PRIOR FUTURE TENSE.

EXAMPLE. "I shall have accomplished a wearisome task ere this shall be perfected."

Def. 83. A Verb denoting that an act or event will take place at a future time, is in the FUTURE TENSE. "Will you come to the spring that is sparkling and bright." "Shall I be carried to the skies?"

EXAMPLES.

[For Observations on Tenses, see Clark's Grammar, pp. 72-4 and 135-6.]

Prin. LXXXIV. A Noun being ( COMMON (S1) or

the Object of a Sentence, is

EXAMPLES. "What lady loves a rainy day?”

"Have then thy wish."

"Did you see the noble Kossuth ?"

"I did not visit Turkey."

PROPER (S2).

[For Definitions of these Modifications, see pp. 105-6 above.]

Prin. LXXXV. A Pronoun, being the Object

of a Sentence is

PERSONAL (R),
RELATIVE (R2),
INTERROGATIVE (R) or
ADJECTIVE (R4).

EXAMPLES. "I asked them whence their victory came."

"They serve a monarch whom they hate."

"What sought they thus afar?"

"The poor respect the rich."

Prin. LXXXVI. A (MASCULINE GENDER (R. S),

Noun or Pronoun, being the Object of a Sentence, is of the

FEMININE GENDER (R. S1)

or

NEUTER GENDER (R. S3).

EXAMPLES. "Modern degeneracy had not reached him."
"We met the man whom you described."

"James did not recognize the ladies whom we met."
"I seek, good faith, a Highland maid."
"The winds detain thy sails."

Prin. LXXXVII. A Noun or Pronoun, being the Object of a Sentence, is of the

EXAMPLES.

(FIRST PERSON (S。), SECOND PERSON (S)

or

THIRD PERSON (S.).

"You wrong me, Brutus, you wrong me, every way!"
"I'll not leave thee, thou lone one."

EXAMPLES. "O! who would inhabit this bleak world alone ?" "I love thee, and 'tis my love that speaks."

He lit on the trees, and their boughs he dressed."

"I see them, hastening from afar."

Prin. LXXXIX. A Noun or Pronoun, being the Object of a Sentence, is in the OBJECTIVE CASE (S11).

EXAMPLES.

"Hear me, ye walls, that echoed to the tread
Of either Brutus."

I love thee, all unlovely as thou art."

"Whom did Steadman marry?"

"The fur that warms a monarch, warmed a bear.”

OBJECT PHRASES (J).
SUBSTANTIVE PHRASE (Q).

Prin. XC. A Phrase, being the Object of a Sentence,

is, in form,

PARTICIPIAL (Q2), PREPOSITIONAL (Q1), INFINITIVE (3) or INDEPENDENT (Q4)·

NOTE. Prepositional, Infinitive and Independent Phrases, are used as object only technically-(Jane wrote on the black-board, "In an orchard, containing fifty pear trees," and then stopped for a new enunciation of the problem.)

Object Phrases are ordinarily and properly limited to Participial Phrases. EXAMPLE. "I doubted his having been a soldier.”

Prin. XCI. A Phrase, being (TRANSITIVE (Q5) the Object of of a Sentence,

or

INTRANSITIVE (Q6).

"No conduct of a former friend can excuse your betraying her secrets or exposing her faults."

"I regretted his being absent."

NOTE. For a common, yet palpable error in the use of Object Phrases, see Clark's Grammar, p. 132, Note 8.

OBJECT SENTENCES (J).

SUBSTANTIVE (P).

Prin. XCII. A Sentence, being the Object of another Sentence, is

EXAMPLES. "A space he paused; then sternly said,

'And heard'st thou why he drew his blade ?""

"You'll try to learn a great deal here, and be a clever man," said Mr. Dombey-"Won't you?"

"The YOUNG, in cultivating those habits which promote cheerfulness, SHOULD REMEMBER that they are meeting the just demands of community."

Prin. XCIII. A Sentence,

being the Object of another Sentence, is

666

TRANSITIVE (P3)

or

INTRANSITIVE (P1).

EXAMPLES. 'Make way for liberty!' he cried."
"Nathan said unto David, 'Thou art the man.'

EXAMPLE. "At the conclusion of this introductory, the whole youthful choir arose and sang,' Come, and join our singing."

[Examples like the above, show that one Sentence may be the grammatical Object of another Sentence.]

NOTE. (c). A Sentence is often the logical Object of another Sentence. In which event, the Object Sentence is generally introduced by the conjunction "that."

EXAMPLE.

"God never meant that man should scale the heavens,
By strides of human wisdom."

NOTE. (d). But the word "that" is often suppressed.
EXAMPLE. "I tell thee-thou art defied."

MODIFICATIONS OF ELEMENTS OF SENTENCES.

ADJUNCTS (a),

PRIMARY (b),

SECONDARY (c),

WORD (d),

ADJECTIVE (j).

QUALIFYING (1),

Prin. XCIV. An Adjective is SPECIFYING (2) or

EXAMPLES.

VERBAL (J3).

“Benevolent men perform beneficent actions.”
"That gentleman has purchased some fruit."
Changing seasons afford renewed pleasures.'
Ages hence, the inquisitive while man, as he stands by
some growing city, will ponder on the structure of
their disturbed remains."