be foolish, indeed, for persons with no constitutional | motives thus mixed up with what is truly the greatest JOSEPH STURGE'S VISIT TO THE JOSEPH STURGE is a respectable and intelligent mem- account of what he saw, experienced, and thought, during his journey, on these great subjects, but chiefly that of the abolition of slavery. We have perused the work of Mr Sturge not without gratification, both as respects his observations and the circumstances which came under his notice, but with much less satisfaction than we had reason to expect from the production of a man usually so clear-headed. The style is far from being perspicuous, and the account of the journey is so retarded and confused with extraneous matter, that the reader has the greatest difficulty in knowing at any time where the author is, or what he would exactly be at. We fear the volume has been written in haste, and without a precise idea of that great desideratum in the narrative of a tourist-tak ing the reader in all cases along with him. secular cause in which men can be engaged! Leaving the Colonisation Society, however, to settle its own disputes, we are more pleased in turning to parts in Friend Sturge's narrative which give token of an improvement in the American public mind respecting the treatment of coloured persons :-"One evening during my stay, I took tea with twelve or fifteen coloured gentlemen, at the house of a coloured family. The refined manners and great intelligence of many of them would have done credit to any society. The whites have a monopoly of prejudice, but not a monopoly of intellect; nor of education and accomplishments; nor even of those more trivial yet fascinating graces, which throw the charm of elegance and refinement over social life. I found, from the conversation I had with my coloured friends on different occasions, that the prejudice against them was steadily, and not very slowly, giving way; yet several instances were mentioned, of recent occurrence, which show that it is still strong. I will quote one only. A coloured gentleman informed me that last winter, a near female relative being about to take a journey by railway to Philadelphia, she was compelled, though in delicate health, to travel in the comfortless exposed car, expressly provided for negroes, though he offered to pay double fare for a place in the regular carriage. resided in New York, mentioned to me, as a marked A lady, not of the proscribed class, who has long indication of a favourable change in regard to colour, the holding of such meetings as those at which the Amistad captives were introduced. Such an exhibition, instead of causing a display of benevolent interexcited the malignant passions of the multitude, and est among all classes, would some years ago have probably caused a popular outbreak. Another sign In looking over the work, we find a few matters of the times was, that white and coloured children worthy of remark or extract. It appears that two or might be seen walking in procession, without distinc. three years ago, a serious schism broke out among the tion, on the anniversaries of the charity schools. The same lady, in whose veracity I place full confidence, abolitionists in the United States, and certainly about informed me that there is now residing in this city a one of the most paltry affairs which ever unsettled a native of Cuba, formerly a slave-holder at the Havana, great cause the source of disquietude was, whether who narrowly escaped assassination from a negro. women should be placed on committees, and vote He had threatened the slave with punishment on the along with male members of the anti-slavery body. self in his master's room, and in the night stabbed following day, but the desperate man concealed himAn actual separation in the societies took place in and killed his mistress by mistake, instead of his the spring of 1840, and there are now two leading master. Three negroes were executed as principal societies, "The American and Foreign Anti-slavery and accessories; but their intended victim was so Society," and "The American Anti-slavery Society." terrified, that he left Havana for New York. His We are glad to learn from Mr Sturge, that notwith-fears, not his conscience, were alarmed, for he still carries on his diabolical traffic between Africa and standing this unseemly rupture, "a better and kind- Cuba, and is reported to have gained by it, last year, lier feeling is beginning to pervade all classes of one hundred thousand dollars. He lives in great American abolitionists; the day of mutual crimina- splendour, and has the character of a liberal and tion seems to be passing away, and there is strong generous man, but with the most implacable hatred to the blacks. One murder makes a villain, thoureason to hope that the action of the respective sosands a hero.' How wide the distinction between cieties will henceforward harmoniously tend to the this man and the wretches who paid the forfeit of same object." According to our author, the members their lives for a solitary murder!"" of the Society of Friends in the states are any thing but warm in the cause of abolition. What is the reason for this is not clearly stated. It appears, however, that the Friends have lent a helping hand to the schemes of the Colonisation Society, and this is considered a serious error in principle. This society, it may be necessary to remind our readers, is an association organised and supported by voluntary contributions, to assist free persons of colour, who may find themselves uncomfortable in America, to emigrate to Liberia, on the coast of Africa, where now, as lately mentioned by us, there is a flourishing little nation of civilised blacks. This society has met with the uncompromising hostility of nearly all abolitionists, and it is spoken very disparagingly of by Friend Sturge. The charges made against the Colonisation Society seem to amount to this, that the society distracts attention from the principal object of pursuit-total and immediate abolition, and contemplates the expatriation of the coloured race from America, on the ground that amalgamation with the whites is impracticable. These charges may or may not be true, for any thing we know ; but it is abundantly evident that the grand crime of the Colonisation Society is not uniting in the projects of the leading abolitionists. The whole affair, we fear, is a matter of jealousy. No man must relieve the pressure of slavery in any other way than is sanctioned by those at head-quarters, because that would be depriving these personages of all glory in winning the battle. The success of the Liberian scheme, which, one would think, would de light every humane mind, is odious to the great partyleaders of the anti-slavery societies. It is an achievement from which they derive no honour; they did not plan it, and it is proceeding without their assistance. How melancholy is it to find the meanest London: Hamilton and Adams. 1841. A little farther on, he says " A fine black man was brought to me about this time, who showed me papers by which it appeared he had lately given one thousince been driven from the state in which he lived, by the operation of a law enacted to prevent the continued residence of free people of colour, and has thus been banished from a wife and family, who are still slaves. He has agreed with their owner, that if he can pay two thousand five hundred dollars in six years, his wife and six children shall be free; and he was then trying to get employment in New York, in the hope of being able to raise this large sum within the specified time." sand five hundred dollars for his freedom. He had "I subsequently," he observes, "visited, in company with a coloured gentleman, one of the principal coloured schools in New York, in which there were upwards of three hundred children present. All the departments appeared to be conducted, under coloured teachers, with great order and efficiency, and the attainments of the higher classes were very considerable. On the whole, this school would bear comparison with any similar school for white children which I ever visited." Mr Sturge visited Washington in the course of his tour, one of his objects being to present an address to the President of the United States from the committee of the British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society, signed by Thomas Clarkson. A communication which he made to the president on the subject met with no reply, and the address was never delivered. The preconsistent with etiquette. We question if an English sident's non-reply was shabby, but perhaps politic and monarch would receive an address from a foreigner, praying his majesty to use his influence in dissolving one of the most prominent national institutions. sage to the legislature (1839), says, that of 4614 adult males in that state who applied to the country clerks for marriage licenses in 1837, 1047 were unable to write their names." Another authority says that there is reason to suppose that one-fourth of the people of the state cannot write their names. "The destitution of the means of moral and religious improvement is in like manner very great." Matters land, where few things are more striking than the are very different in the old free states of New Engnumber and commodiousness of the places of worship. Schools are likewise abundant. But the progress of temperance is most surprising. There are splendid and "it is now very rare to see a drunken person hotels in which no intoxicating liquors are dispensed, even in the most populous cities." Visiting Lowell, a manufacturing town, which has been called the Manchester of America, he was much pleased with the great propriety of demeanour of the operative classes, particularly the girls employed in the factories. On this subject he quotes the following from a native authority:-"The most striking and gratifying feature of Lowell is the high moral and intellectual condition of its working population. In looking over the books of the mills we visited, where the operatives entered their names, I observed very few that were not written by themselves; certainly not five per cent. of the whole number were signed with a mark, and many of these were evidently Irish. It was impossible to go through the mills and notice the respectable appearance and becoming and modest very favourable estimate of their character and posideportment of the factory girls,' without forming a tion in society. But it would be difficult indeed for a passing observer to rate them so high as they are proved to be by the statistics of the place. The female operatives are generally boarded in houses work, and which are placed under the superintendence built and owned by the corporations' for whom they of matrons of exemplary character, and skilled in housewifery, who pay a low rent for the houses, and provide all necessaries for their inmates, over whom they exercise a general oversight, receiving about one dollar and one-third from each per week. Each of these houses accommodates from thirty to fifty young women, and there is a wholesome rivalry among the mistresses which shall make their inmates most comfortable. We visited one of the boarding-houses, and siderable number of the factory girls are farmers' were highly pleased with its arrangement. A condaughters, and come hither from the distant states of Vermont and New Hampshire, &c., to work for two, three, or four years, when they return to their native hills, dowered with a little capital of their own earnings. The factory operatives at Lowell form a community that commands the respect of the neighbourhood, and of all under whose observation they come. No female of an immoral character could remain a week in any of the mills. The superintendent of the Boott Corporation informed me, that during the five and a-half years of his superintendence of that factory, employing about nine hundred and fifty young women, he had known of but one case of an illegitimate birth, and the mother was an Irish immigrant. Any male or female employed, who was known to be in a state of inebriety, would be at once dismissed." The next extract shows their prosperity in a pecuniary point. "The average wages, clear of board, amount to about two dollars a-week. Many an aged father or mother, in the country, is made happy and comfortable, by the self-sacrificing contributions from the affectionate and dutiful daughter here. Many an old homestead has been cleared of its encumbrances, and thus saved to the family, by these liberal and honest earnings. To the many and most gratifying and cheering facts, which, in the course of this examination, I have had occasion to state, I here add a few others relating to the matter now under discussion, furnished me by Mr Carney, the treasurer of the Lowell Institution for Savings. The whole number of depositors in this institution, on the 23d July, was 1976; the whole amount of deposits was 305,796 dollars and 70 cents (about L.60,000). Of these depositors 978 are factory girls, and the amount of their funds now in the bank is estimated by Mr Carney, in round numbers, at 100,000 dollars. It is a common thing for one of these girls to have 500 dollars in deposit; and the only reason why she does not exceed this sum is the fact, that the institution pays no interest on any larger sum than this. After reaching this amount, she invests her remaining funds elsewhere." In addition to this satisfactory account of the working population of Lowell, Mr Sturge mentions the following fact as an instance of the spread of intellectual cultivation :-"I ought not to omit a notice of sisting of original articles, written exclusively by the the Lowell Offering,' a little monthly magazine, confactory girls. The editor of the Boston Christian Examiner' commends this little periodical to those who consider the factory system to be degrading and demoralising; and expresses a doubt whether a committee of young ladies, selected from the most refined and best-educated families in any of our towns and cities, could make a fairer appearance in type than these hard-working factory girls." At Baltimore, a slave-holding city, Mr Sturge was glad to find that free people of colour were fully alive to the importance of education. "One individual told us, that in distributing about two hundred and fifty religious books, which had been sent to be gratuitously supplied to the poor of this class, he found In his general observations on all that had passed only five or six families in which the children were under his notice in the States, the author sums up his not learning to read and write." In Virginia, con- opinions on the social condition of the people at large siderable efforts have been made to promote general as follows:-"In short, whether I consider the relieducation; "yet the governor of Virginia, in his mes-gious, the benevolent, or the literary institutions of the northern states-whether I contemplate the beauty of their cities, or the general aspect of their fine country, in which nature every where is seen rendering her rich and free tribute to industry and skillor whether I regard the general comfort and prosperity of the labouring population-my admiration is strongly excited, and, to do justice to my feelings, must be strongly expressed. Probably there is no country where the means of temporal happiness are so generally diffused, notwithstanding the constant flow of emigrants from the old world; and I believe there is no country where the means of religious and moral improvement are so abundantly providedwhere facilities of education are more within the reach of all, or where there is less of extreme poverty and destitution. As morals have an intimate connexion with politics, I do not think it out of place here to record my conviction, that the great principle of popular control, which is carried out almost to its full extent in the free states, is not only beautiful in theory, but that it is found to work well in practice. It is true that disgraceful scenes of mob violence and Lynch law have occurred, but perhaps not more frequently than popular outbreaks in Great Britain; while, generally, the supremacy of law and order have been restored without troops, or special commissions, or capital punishments. It is also true that these occurrences are, for the most part, directly traceable, not to the celebrated declaration of the equal and unalienable right of all men to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which is the fundamental principle of the constitution, but to the flagrant violation of that principle in the persons of the coloured population, of whom those in most of the free states are actually or virtually deprived of political rights; and the rest, constituting a majority of the population in some of the southern states, are held in abject slavery." To this we have nothing to add, but that the slavery of the southern states of America and elsewhere will not be got rid of by frantic projects such as have lately proved abortive, but by plans devised on principles of common sense, peaceful suasion, and a reasonable allowance of time to permit prejudices to be weakened and ultimately removed. THE PHILOSOPHICAL SHOWMAN. CARSWELL HOUSE, in which I have now resided for upwards of seven years, is a prettily situated mansion. It stands on the brow of a gentle declivity, and overlooks a wide extent of beautiful country. The view from our parlour windows in the summer season, when in short, his was a philosophical exhibition, the material being taken from human life. Having taken our places at the glasses, the Italian drew a cord, when there was presented to us the figure-picture, I presume it was, but so admirably painted, so life-like, so finely relieved, that it seemed a beautiful statue-of a child, a lovely boy of between three and four years of age. We all uttered an involuntary exclamation of delight on beholding this fair child; his look was so innocent, so playful; his brow so open and sunny; the smile on his beauteous countenance so full of sweetness and childish simplicity. "Is not that a lovely child?" said the Italian. "Saw you ever such a picture of innocence? Saw you ever human countenance so utterly free from all expression of evil-from all indications of the darker passions of human nature? Does he not seem, in truth, a very angel? You cannot believe it possible nay, it surely is not possible—that so guileless and innocent a being should ever become a cruel, ruthless, blood-thirsty savage." "No, no," we all exclaimed; "it cannot be. It is impossible." At this instant, click went one of the cords of the show-box. The picture of the child disappeared, and what is called a battle-piece occupied its place. In the foreground, a body of cavalry was making desperate havock amongst the remains of an army which had just been broken and put to flight. The leader of the charging party was himself employing his sabre with merciless activity, not scrupling to cut down even those who supplicated his mercy, or whose wounds disabled them for flight or resistance. His countenance manifested that excitement which accompanies the exercise of the more violent passions. "Have you ever seen that man before, my kind friends?" said the Italian, with a gentle but significant smile. We all declared we had not. "Ah! my good friends, but you have," he said, laughing. That ruthless warrior is no other than the beautiful and innocent child, grown to man's estate, whom you a little while since so much admired." we might conjecture, was, in part at least, inspired by the profuse display of good cheer which the ample table board around which the guests were seated exhibited. We could not, at first, make out any special purpose for this merry-making. But, at length, descrying a jolly-looking dame, who struck us at once as presenting what we may call the characteristics of a nurse, bearing about with an air of triumph a gaily-dressed and smiling babe in her arms, we made out that it was a christening. On a small brooch or clasp, which united in front a broad band or cincture that begirt the infant, the artist had inscribed, in very small, almost invisible letters, the words, " Edward Marston, aged three weeks." Again the string was drawn, and another apartment, similar to the above described, was exhibited; but how differently occupied. It was filled with mourners, and on a table or tressel in the centre lay a coffin. It was still unclosed, and we could see that it contained the body of an old man. His ghastly, withered countenance, and pinched features, were uncovered, and on the metal plate of the coffin lid, which lay close by, we read, " Edward Marston, aged 72 years." The figure which we now contemplated was, then, the smiling cherub of the preceding picture. Where now were the members of that merry company, whom we saw assembled to welcome his admission within the pale of the church? One after another, they have all long since descended into the grave; and he, too, is now about to follow. His term of life has run out. It was a long one; but at its close it seemed to have passed almost as quickly as the transition of the two pictures. "Now, my kind benefactors," said the Italian, "let us see what is doing in the mansion adjoining this house of mourning.' He drew the string, and a brilliantly lighted apartment, filled with a gay assembly, presented itself. The centre of the floor was occupied by a crowd of light-footed dancers, and mirth and revelry held unrestrained dominion over the scene. "It is the celebration of a marriage," said the Italian. "Look to the right, and you will see the bride and bridegroom standing together. That is she, the fair young girl in the white satin dress. See how and graceful young man, on whose arm she so fondly beautiful she is; how elegant her form! That tall leans, is her husband. How happy he looks! He has no thought for the future. His whole soul, his every sense, is wrapt up in the present; he dreams not that all this happiness and joy will speedily pass away." And, at this instant, away like thought passed the fair garden; and on one of its rustic seats sat an old lady, dressed in the deepest mourning of widowhood. Her aged countenance was sad and melancholy. A Around her sported three or four young children; on long staff, with an ivory head, which stood beside her, showed that she could not walk without such aid. the golden head of one of whom rested one of her long, thin, withered, and palsied hands. the woods are green, and the fields clothed in verdure, splendidly attired. At a small table, at the farther Joyous scene, and another took its place. It was a is delightful. It must be allowed, however, that we are rather dreary in winter. The house is somewhat solitary, and the snow, which falls heavily, lies long and deep around it. At about a quarter of a mile from the house passes a cart-road leading to the village of Limburne, about five miles distant, and of this road a stretch of about a mile lies in view of our windows. It was on a wild snowy day in the month of January last year, that one of my youngsters, who was standing at a window looking at the drift which was whirling past in thick and blinding clouds, called my attention to the figure of a man on the road, who, though still Click, again, went the cord of the show-box, and a splendid pageant took the place of the battle-piece. The scene was the interior of a noble Gothic hall, hung with rich tapestry, and blazing with the light of a thousand wax candles in silver sconces. Along the centre of the hall ran a long table, loaded with the most costly viands in gold and silver vessels. At this table sat a multitude of persons, male and female, end of the hall, and raised upon a dais, sat a lordlylooking personage, arrayed in sumptuous robes, and wearing on his head a crown of gold sparkling with whom all eyes seemed bent in wonder and admiration, precious stones. By his side sat a fair young lady, on and on whom her lordly companion appeared gazing of such surpassing loveliness, she, too, was magnifiwith inexpressible fondness. As became a creature cently attired, while behind and around her chair stood a crowd of attendants, ready to obey her slightest wish. It seemed, in truth, as if the air of She seemed as if blessing the child. "Know ye who that feeble old woman is?" said the Italian. "We guess," said we; for we now fully under struggling with the storm, seemed ready every moment heaven would not be permitted to breathe too rudely stood the nature and scope of his exhibition. to sink beneath its violence. He appeared unable to make any way against the suffocating drift; and this the less readily that he bore, as we could discern, a heavy burden on his back. Seeing the man's distress, I dispatched my gardener and footman to his assistance, desiring them to conduct him to the house, in which I meant he should remain until the storm had somewhat abated. In less than half an hour the man was comfortably seated by our kitchen fire, and proved to be an itinerant showman. He was an Italian, and the burden which we had observed upon his back was his show-box. Grateful for the kindness shown him-which kindness included of course the refreshments required by his condition-the poor Italian sent up a respectful message to the dining-room, to the effect that he would be happy to exhibit his show to the younger members of the family, if they would so far honour him. He was immediately requested to come up stairs, and to bring his show along with him. I was much struck with the man's appearance on his entering the room, which he did with a remarkably graceful bow. His countenance had the swarthy hue of his country, and his dark eye all the fire and brilliancy that belong to the eyes of the children of the sunny south. But there was an expression of mildness and intelligence in his countenance not so often seen, and which at once attracted my attention. Having placed his show-box-a tasteful thing, beautifully painted and gilt-in a proper situation, he withdrew the slides from the lenses, wiped them carefully, and placing himself at one end of the box, in order to work the tableaux, or pictures, he invited us, with a polite bow and pleasant smile, to take our places at the sights, of which there were in all six. Before drawing the cord which was to exhibit the first picture to us, the Italian made a short speech in broken but perfectly intelligible English, the substance of which was-That his exhibition differed from all other exhibitions in the show way; that there was little in what he had to exhibit to gratify the eye as mere spectacle, but a good deal, he hoped, to strike the imagination, and perhaps improve the mind; that, on that exquisitely beautiful form. were. We were all struck with admiration of this splendid scene, especially with the extraordinary beauty and sumptuous attire of the young lady who sat beside the king, and now inquired who the former and latter The Italian told us that the king was Edward IV.; the lady who sat beside him the celebrated Jane Shore. We were about to ask some other questions, when click, again, went the string of the box, and a dreary, monotonous view of frost-bound ponds and fields, and leafless trees, with a large city in the distance, which we subsequently learnt was London, was presented to our view. In the foreground of the picture, which it made one cold and chilly but to look at, was the figure of a miserable old woman, haggard and wrinkled with poverty and age, gathering sticks for firewood. Her clothes were in rags, and she seemed as if perishing with cold and hunger. "Have you, my kind benefactors," said the Italian, as on a former occasion-" have you, think you, ever seen that miserable old woman before ?" We all declared we had not. "Ah! wrong again," replied the Italian, with one of his gentle and intelligent smiles. "You have seen her. What will you think, now, when I tell you that that starving, wretched, repulsive, old woman, who is searching the leafless hedges for withered sticks wherewith to make a fire to warm her aged limbs, and the beauteous young lady whom you saw seated beside royalty, surrounded with all the pomp and adulation of a regal court, are one and the same person. It is So. And yet, extreme as the transition is, it is not the work of fancy. It is not the conception of an idle brain; it is an incident from real life. That miserable old woman is Jane Shore; and such, we all know was her unhappy end." Again the string was drawn. And now the interior of an apartment of moderate size, and otherwise such as are seen in the houses of the more respectable of the middling classes, was exhibited. It was filled with company, all apparently dressed for the occasion, and seemed to be the scene of some joyous revelry-every countenance beaming with a mirth and glee which, "Right," he replied, satisfied that we did know who she was. "That ancient dame, who cannot totter along without the support of a staff, is no other than the fair young bride of the preceding picture. Her husband, the gay and graceful youth whom you saw by her side, has been long dead, and these brighthaired children who are sporting around her are her grand-children. Thus goes the world on." Once more the string was drawn, and a splendid mansion presented itself to view. A little, ragged, shivering boy, who seemed to have been soliciting charity, was being thrust rudely from the door by a pompous, over-fed menial, who held a stick over him the little ragged boy well. We did so. in a threatening attitude. The Italian bade us mark He drew the string, and the same mansion was again presented to our sight. But it had undergone inany changes. Additions had been made to it here and there. New doors and windows had been struck out, and other prominent features altered. The grounds around the building, too, had undergone change; trees grew where there had been none before; and where there had, they had been cut down. Altogether, the painter, if picture it was, had so contrived it, that, on comparing the appearances of the mansion in the two paintings, a distinct impression was conveyed of the lapse of an interval of many years. A little way from the door of the house in the picture we were now contemplating, a gentleman, seemingly the proprietor, was about to get into a carriage. An old mendicant on crutches, with hat in hand, his grey locks streaming in the wind, stood a little apart, as if in the act of imploring his charity. The appeal did not appear to be made in vain. The gentleman, with a look of great benevolence, was putting something into his hand. The Italian now questioned us as before. "Know ye," he said, “who that gentleman is, and who that poor old man who is soliciting his charity, and, as you see, not in vain? That gentleman, my kind friends," he went on, "is the poor boy who was turned from the door of the mansion thirty years since, and he who is now appealing to his benevolence is the same with him who drove him away-such are the extra ordinary changes which are constantly taking place in human affairs, often from heedlessness, or, perhaps, wilful extravagance, on the one hand, and perseverance with self-denial on the other." Here dinner being announced, we were reluctantly compelled to desist, for the time, from further gratifying our curiosity with these pictures of life. But as there was no appearance of the storm abating, and as I in consequence had offered the Italian quarters for the night-an offer which he gratefully accepted-we engaged him to renew his interesting exhibition in the evening; he having informed us that we had yet seen but a very small portion of what he had to show. A FEW WEEKS ON THE CONTINENT. VISIT TO HOFWYL. HOFWYL, situated at the distance of from six to eight English miles from Berne, was one of those places which had formed a principal object of my visit to Switzerland—a visit which, it will have been perceived, was rather less to scramble over ice at the height of ten thousand feet, than to see nature in her more charming moods, and to observe something of the character and features of Swiss society. No one taking the slightest interest in education and its progress, could visit Berne without seeing the far-spoken of establishment of M. de Fellenberg, more particularly since it is open to the inspection of strangers from all quarters of the world. It was not therefore surprising that I made it the object of a special side excursion. Hiring a voiture on purpose for the day, we proceeded from Berne in a northerly direction, and passed for several miles through a rich agricultural tract, well clothed with tall timber, and evidently the property of a class of persons above the usual standing of cottage farmers. The fields had been cleared of their autumnal produce; ploughs were here and there seen turning over the furrows preparatory for new crops; and at the doors of the large thatched homesteads of the farmers, clusters of women were busy skutching flax, with the customary energy and clacking noise with which that occupation is performed. Passing through these pleasing scenes of rural comfort and industry—or, I should almost say, hard labour, for hard it would be to English females-our carriage at length entered a more undulating stretch of country, and made the best of its way through a pretty thick wood. On emerging from the cool shade of the overhanging trees, we had before us an open tract, in the midst of which, on the top of a gently rising ground, stood Hofwyl-a situation apparently unmatchable in point of salubrity and beauty, for all around, the cleared fields descend to distant vales and meadows, which are backed by sheltering hills and woods; and from various parts of the grounds are seen the long ridgy peaks of the Bernese Alps. A few minutes served to carry us up to the place, where we were received with the greatest politeness and attention by M. de Fellenberg, one of the most venerable men whom it was ever my fortune to meet; and his son, a young gentleman who is now taking a large share of the burden of the establishment. As it is my desire to give as exact an idea as possible of Hofwyl and the plans of its proprietor, I hope to be excused for going a little into detail. M. de Fellenberg is by birth a Swiss, having been born in the canton of Berne, in the year 1771. His immediate ancestors were of the patrician or privileged class, which late events have levelled with the ordinary citizens of the country; by the mother's side, he is a descendant of the Dutch admirals Cornelius and Van Tromp. The excellent example and admonitions of his parents had a happy influence upon his early years, and induced that strong devotion to the interests of his country and of mankind at large which has distinguished him through life. While still a young man, he had the sagacity to form the conclusion that no species of political reform in the affairs of Switzerland could be of any use unless preceded by a reform in education. To satisfy himself on this point, he travelled all over Switzerland, the Tyrol, and Germany on foot, everywhere acquainting himself with the state of the people, residing in the villages and farm-houses, and mingling in the labours and hearing the sentiments of the peasants. On the invasion of Switzerland by the French in 1798, he took an active part in opposing them, was proscribed, and fled to Germany. He was soon after recalled to his native country, and employed on a political mission to the French Directory; but the prevailing disregard of all principle gave him a distaste of diplomacy, and he resigned his office. He then filled a public station at home, and, fully impressed with the belief that the only resource against the revolutionary horrors he had witnessed was to be found in education, he re solved to devote his life to this object. He was appointed a member of the Council of Education; but finding little was to be done by those with whom he acted, he threw off all connexion with the government, and determined to form on his own estate of Hofwyl, and with his own fortune, an institution, to prove practically what could be done, by a right system of education, for the benefit of humanity. Such was the principle on which M. de Fellenberg started as an educationist about forty years ago, and we have now to say something of his operations. His plans were comprehensive and full of benevolence. He purchased and added about two hundred acres of land to his estate, which must have been originally small, his object being not only to improve the knowledge of agriculture in the district, but to make lessons in industrial affairs a means of moral training. He began, therefore, by establishing an agricultural school, which he formed of the destitute children of the canton. To this, after a time, he added a school for youths from the higher classes of society. And, lastly, he formed an intermediate school of boys, chiefly the sons of farmers who were able to pay a small board. His scheme was gone about with great caution and deliberation; for his object being the formation of character, it was absolutely necessary that new comers should be admitted only after the previous pupils had been to a certain extent fixed in principle. This was a wise resolution, which it would be well for teachers in general to copy, as large accessions of raw lads at one time are apt to derange the whole economy of an educational establishment, and undo much of the advantages already gained. After a course of constant improvement for nearly forty years, we now find the establishment of Hofwyl complete in all its details-the edifices constituting the schools and dwelling-houses settled into the character of a quiet orderly village, and the fields, for half a mile round, trimmed with the same skill and neatness as you would see in East Lothian or Norfolk. The buildings stand on the most elevated part of the estate, and are of a respectable appearance, each several storeys in height. On entering an open play-ground, we have, on the right, the largest building, in which M. de Fellenberg and his family, and also the higher class of pupils, reside, and in which also are some of the class-rooms. On the lower or sunk floor are the kitchen and cellars; the floor above contains a large dining-room, chapel, and other apartments; on the next floor are the class-rooms; and the top storey is laid out in two large sleeping apartments, with a row of beds on each side-the whole clean and neat in the extreme. Each boy occupies a separate bed, and the whole are superintended by masters, whose apartments are adjoining. The boys are never alone, so that none has the power of either domineering over or contaminating his companions. All rise at 5, and breakfast at 6 o'clock in summer, and at 6 and 7 in winter. From this large and commodious building we were conducted to a house of more plain appearance across the play-ground, the lower part of which we found to be occupied as a museum and a receptacle for garden tools; in the floor above was a cabinet-making shop, where several young gentlemen were at the time engaged in making articles according to their own taste, under the direction of a professed workman. Passing a place for gymnastic exercises, we now went to the house containing the intermediate classes, at which, in a lower hall, eighty lads were at the time at dinner, under the superintendence of their masters. Next, we adjourned to the extensive suite of buildings connected with the dairy and operations of the farm, which stood on the northern slope, and a little aloof from the main cluster of the establishment. Here a closed to us. In a series of lower offices stood seventymost extensive system of rural management was distwo cows, beautiful large animals, which I was told were occasionally, for the sake of exercise, employed in drawing the plough-a practice to which nothing could reconcile either the ladies of the party or myself. immense size; and in a neighbouring loft we were In the upper part of the cow-house was a barn of shown a large array of agricultural implements, quite new, and ready for use-the preparation of these articles on the most improved plan forming a part of M. de Fellenberg's widely comprehensive schemes. The dairy, the places of residence of the boys of the lower school, and other departments, were shown, but require no notice. After seeing every thing here, we were led by a pathway down the sloping field to a pond 90 feet in diameter, neatly paved, and surrounded by a tall hedge, with a dressing-house. The water is kept ever fresh by a spring. This is the bathing pond for the boys, and here they learn to swim. We were conducted over these various outlying parts of the establishment by young M. de Fellenberg, who has been in England, and clearly explained every thing to us in our own tongue. Returning with him to the grande maison, we again sat down by the side of the venerable founder of the institution; and what betwixt his own and his son's observations, I really believe little was left to be told. The manner and conversation of M. de Fellenberg were exceedingly pleasing. In his appearance is embodied all that we can conceive of an estimable old man-a most benevolent cast of countenance, silver white hair, and the sober dress of a recluse. He spoke in French, and so slowly and distinctly that there was no mistaking his meaning. German is the common language in this part of Switzerland, and is therefore used in the schools; but French and English are taught to those who desire them. At the period of my visit, the whole establishment included about 150 boys, of whom from 50 to 60 belonged to the high school, 80 to the intermediate, and the remainder to the lower or agricultural school. With respect to the latter, their schooling is on a very moderate scale; but they are taken gratuitously, and their labour, such as it is, compensates for their board and instruction. The boys of the intermediate school are taught on a more advanced plan, but with reference to ordinary professions, including agriculture, and are boarded in a plain manner, conformable to the moderate sum paid for their attendance. The pith of the whole concern is the high school; the pupils are taught by the best masters, and I should certainly say that the principle of their education is unexceptionable, for it refers alike to physical, intellectual, and moral training. Among other accomplishments, vocal music is taught upon scientific principles to all, and instrumental music to those whose taste inclines. Lessons in music being also given in the lower schools, at times there are meetings in which all join in concert. An English lady, who has three boys at the institution, and to whom I have been indebted for a candid statement of what she saw and felt during a pretty lengthened visit, says, in a communication to me on the subject"The pupils of the intermediate school sing in parts with a perfection rare among children; and I was never more touched by music, than when, early on a Sunday morning, their voices broke the universal stillness. There is a monthly concert on a Sunday evening. The night I was present the audience consisted of more than two hundred persons, formed of the pupils of the three schools and their masters, who took no part in the performance, also M. de Fellenberg, his daughters, and grand-children, and servants of the whole establishment. The orchestra was composed of violins, violoncello, double bass, trombone, clarionet, flute, and French horn. The pieces played were those of Haydn, Neukomm, Rossini, and other leading composers. The audience were very attentive, but did not applaud, as M. de Fellenberg conceives the young have not sufficient judgment to pronounce an opinion publicly. After the concert, the performers were invited publicly to the saloon, and partook of refreshments. I may here mention that the part taken by M. de Fellenberg's daughters is most valuable. Their mother died about three years since. She gave them the example of an undeviating co-operation in the views and practical details of their father's philanthropic designs. They all speak English, and their maternal kindness and care of the young children are beyond all praise. They are elegant and accomplished women, uniting the simplicity of Swiss habits with intellectual refinement. In the winter, the pupils visit the saloon in turn, twice a-week, and also join the domestic circle of the head master and his wife. Thus, Hofwyl unites the advantages of public with domestic education in a manner unknown in any other institution." It is customary in some of the best continental boarding-schools for the boys to proceed on excursions annually with their masters; and this is particularly attended to at Hofwyl. A certain number of boys are placed under the charge of a trusty master, and set out on a tour in the month of August, in a direction previously determined. The journey is on foot, and each carries a knapsack, furnished with a few articles of clothing. Thus the squad march over hill and dale, visit places of historical interest, picturesque scenes, ruins of old castles, and towns of commercial note. It need hardly be mentioned that these journeys, which last for several weeks, are of great use in openadvantages which may be derived from physical exering up the minds of the youths, independently of the cise. A boy at a school of this liberal kind, in the course of a few years, has perambulated the north of Italy, the Tyrol, a portion of Germany, and best part of Switzerland, and is able to converse in several languages; while a boy at an English boarding-school has seen nothing, can with difficulty translate a few words of Latin, and speak only his own vernacular tongue. I learned from M. de Fellenberg that he has taken every possible care to surround the institution with a pure moral atmosphere, to exclude evil influence and example, and thus, as far as possible, control whatever evil passions the pupil may naturally possess. Boys who are restive under the mild system of discipline which is established are removed. It is not every one who will be admitted. The place is not a reformatory or penitentiary; neither is it a place in which there is any attempt at proselytising. In the course of religious instruction, nothing beyond the general principles of Christianity are taught; and on Sunday, the boys of each sect attend chapel at certain hours, when a clergyman of their own creed is in attendance. The chapel is a large apartment, which we were shown in making the round of the premises. It is plainly furnished with benches, and has at one end an object which I took to be a closed cupboard; pointing to it, M. de Fellenberg observed that it was "l'autel pour la messe," which was shut up when the place was used for the reformed worship. Notwithstanding the presence of this dangerous piece of furniture, there never has been known an instance of a conversion to Roman Catholicism in the school, neither has there been an instance of a change from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism. M. de Fellenberg is not a propa gandist; and his liberal and judicious arrangements for tended. The world in general, condemning what it cannot understand, or which does not fall in with its own prejudices, has, I believe, not hesitated to hold up M. de Fellenberg as a charlatan, and his schemes as at best idle dreams. That this character is unjust, I have no hesitation in saying. He may not have realised all his intentions; but these intentions were sincere, and he has at least sacrificed a lifetime in endeavouring to carry them into effect. Local circumstances, as I have hinted, have not a little hampered his views; but he has clearly made an impression in the educational arrangements of his country; and, by the model which he has presented of a farm cultivated on the best principles of science and art, his exertions have proved of great value to the agriculture of this part of the continent. Persons, also, who have been trained up at his seminary have gone forth and established industrial schools on a similar model in different parts of Switzerland and Germany; and POPULAR ENGLISH FESTIVALS. MAY-DAY. their pleasures, and too knowing for simple enjoyment. Some attempts, indeed, have been made of late years, by men of both taste and learning, to rally back the popular feeling to these standards of primitive simplicity; but the time has gone by-the feeling has become chilled by habits of gain and traffic-the country apes the manners and amusements of the town, and little is heard of May-day at present, except from the lamentations of authors, who sigh after it from among the brick walls of the city." It is not unworthy of notice that the late Dr Parr was "a patron of May-day sports. Opposite his parsonage house at Hatton, near Warwick, on the other side of the road, stood the parish May-pole, which on the annual festival was dressed with garlands, surrounded by a numerous band of villagers. The doctor was first of the throng,' and danced with his parishioners the gayest of the gay. He kept the large crown of the May-pole in a closet of his house, from which it was produced every May-day, with fresh flowers and streamers preparatory to its elevation, and to the doctor's own appearance in the ring. He always spoke of this festivity as one wherein he joined with peculiar delight to himself and advantage to his neighbours." A certain superstitious feeling attached to Mayday. The dew of that morning was considered as a cosmetic of the highest efficacy, and women, especially young women, who are never unwilling to improve in this respect, used to go abroad before sunrise to gather it. To this day, there is a resort of the fair sex every May-morning to Arthur's Seat, near Edinburgh, for the purpose of washing their faces with the dew. Mr Pepys, in his curious diary written in the time of Charles II., gravely tells us of his wife gone to Woolwich for a little air, and to gather May-dew, "which Mrs Turner hath taught her is the only thing in the world [Rowland's Kalydor not being then invented] to wash her face with." Scott, in his "Discovery of Witchcraft," speaks of a sprig of hawthorn gathered on May-day, and hung in the entry to a house, as a presumed preservative against all malign influences. We find another quaint superstition as to May-day in Gay's "Shepherd's Week":" "Last May-day fair, I search'd to find a snail Oh! may this wondrous omen lucky prove, There was also a practice of making fools on May-- A SOUND of laughing villages comes over the imagina- * Hone's Every-Day Book. † Ibid. Hitchin Mayers have a song much in the style of a "Remember us, poor Mayers all, And thus do we begin To lead our lives in righteousness, We have been rambling all this night, We have brought you a branch of May. A branch of May we have brought you, It is but a sprout, But it's well budded out And if a man be not too far gone, He may return again. The life of man is but a span, It flourishes like a flower; We are here to-day, and gone to-morrow, And we are dead in an hour. The moon shines bright, and the stars give a light, So God bless you all, both great and small, In London, as has been said, May-day was once as much observed as it was in any rural district. There were several May-poles throughout the city, particularly one near the bottom of Catherine Street in the Strand, which, rather oddly, became in its latter days a support for a large telescope at Wanstead in Essex, the property of the Royal Society. The milkmaids were amongst the last conspicuous celebrators of the day. They used to dress themselves in holiday guise on this morning, and come in bands with fiddles, whereto they danced, attended by a strange-looking pyramidal pile, covered with pewter plates, ribbons, and streamers, either borne by a man upon his head, or by two men upon a hand-barrow: this was called their garland. The young chimney-sweepers also made this a peculiar festival, coming forth into the streets in fantastic dresses, and making all sorts of unearthly noises with their shovels and brushes. The benevolent Mrs Montagu, one of the first of the class of literary ladies in England, gave these home slaves an annual dinner on this day, in order, we presume, to aid a little in reconciling them to existence. In London, Mayday still remains the great festival of the sweeps, and much finery and many vagaries are exhibited on the occasion. rity. INSANITY CURED BY THE PATIENT HIMSELF. I recollect a case which occurred to me thirty-five years ago, of a seaman, who had been living in a very intemperate way for some time, until he became so maniacal, that he could not be kept on board his ship. He was sent to the workhouse at Hull, where he had only been a few days, when he leaped out of the window, in consequence, as he afterwards related to me, of believing that he should escape him, if he could but get out of the the devil wanted to get possession of him. He thought house. He said he felt quite free for some time; but he at last heard him beneath the pavement, wherever he went in the town. He then thought, that if he could only leap on board a ship, which was at some little distance from the wharf, he should avoid him; but he had not been long on board, before he felt convinced that he was scratching at the bottom of the vessel, and it then occurred to him, that if he got on shore and cut his throat, he should be safe. He borrowed a knife from a sailor whom he met, and instantly cut his throat from destruction, the pharynx was wounded, but the carotids ear to ear. As is very usual in these attempts at selfvessels was enormous. The parts were speedily brought were uninjured; the hemorrhage from the superficial together; the wound healed by the first intention; he was never insane one moment after the brain was relieved by the immediate loss of blood. He related to me all the above circumstances. He got perfectly well, and went to sea within a month after his unsuccessful attempt at self-destruction.-Sir W. C. Ellis on Insanity. quarter-staff on his shoulder; and Morris, the mole- | however, an extensive though superficial reader; and taker, who represented Much, the miller's son, having those who conversed with her only for a short time, bea long pole with an inflated bladder attached to one lieved her to be a much better informed person than she end. And after them the May-pole, drawn by eight really was. We have said, that, with all her disadvanfine oxen, decorated with scarfs, ribbons, and flowers tages, Isabel was not absolutely disagreeable. So far from this, she generally attracted attention in company of divers colours, and the tips of their horns were embellished with gold. The rear was closed by the hobby- which, perhaps, was less beautiful than interesting and by her easy and lady-like manners, and by a countenance horse and the dragon. When the May-pole was drawn expressive. Unassailed by any of those severe trials into the square, the foresters sounded their horns, and which put to the test the real principles upon which we the populace expressed their pleasure by shouting in- act, she had not made the discovery herself, nor had any cessantly until it reached the place assigned for its of her friends made it for her, that she was in reality selelevation. During the time the ground was prepar. fish and unamiable; for while every one ministered to ing for its reception, the barriers of the bottom of the her gratification, she had only to express her gratitude, enclosure were opened for the villagers to approach affect a little willingness to deny herself, and expatiate and adorn it with ribbons, garlands, and flowers, as on her regret at being the cause of so much trouble, and their inclination prompted them. The pole being all went on exactly as she wished-the trouble was insufficiently onerated with finery, the square was curred, the attempted self-denial was frustrated, and the cleared from such as had no part to perform in the kindness for which she expressed her gratitude was pageant, and then it was elevated amidst the reiter- repeated and increased. What a lesson do we learn by a sudden reverse of this order of things!-a lesson, perated acclamations of the spectators. The woodmen haps, the most severe that experience ever teaches; and the milk-maidens danced around it according to while, at the same time, our dependence upon animal the rustic fashion; the measure was played by Peretto and selfish gratification, our irritability, impatience, and Cheveritte, the baron's chief minstrel, on the bagpipes, wounded feeling, when these are denied, show us but too accompanied with the pipe and tabor, performed by faithfully the living picture of those passions of which we one of his associates. When the dance was finished, believed ourselves incapable, simply because indulgence Gregory the jester, who undertook to play the hobby- had hitherto lulled them to rest." This listless and horse, came forward with his appropriate equipment, spoiled child, the story goes on to say, is married, but and frisking up and down the square without restric-having no mental resources to fall back upon, and no tion, imitated the galloping, curvetting, ambling, taste for the active duties of life, she seeks artificial eztrotting, and other paces of a horse, to the infinite citement; the result is such as might have been exsatisfaction of the lower classes of the spectators. He pected-she loses caste, and sinks into disgraced obscuwas followed by Peter Parker, the baron's ranger, who personated a dragon, hissing, yelling, and shaking his wings with wonderful ingenuity; and to complete the mirth, Morris, in the character of Much, having small bells attached to his knees and elbows, capered here and there between the two monsters in the form of a dance; and as often as he came near to the sides of the enclosure, he cast slyly a handful of meal into the faces of the gaping rustics, or rapped them about their heads with the bladder tied at the end of his pole. In the mean time, Sampson, representing Friar Tuck, walked with much gravity around the square, and occasionally let fall his heavy staff upon the toes of such of the crowd as he thought were approaching more forward than they ought to do; and if the sufferers cried out from the sense of pain, he addressed them in a solemn tone of voice, advising them to count their beads, say a paternoster or two, and to beware of purgatory. These vagaries were highly palatable to the populace, who announced their delight by repeated plaudits and loud bursts of laughter; for this reason they were continued for a considerable length of time; but Gregory, beginning at last to falter in The Robin Hood games and morris-dances, by his paces, ordered the dragon to fall back. The wellwhich this day was distinguished till the Reforma- nurtured beast, being out of breath, readily obeyed, tion, appear, from many scattered notices of them, to and their two companions followed their example, have been entertainments full of interest to the com- which concluded this part of the pastime. Then the mon people. Robin has been alternatively styled in archers set up a target at the lower part of the green, at least one document as the King of May, while Maid and made trial of their skill in a regular succession. Marian seems to have been held as the Queen. The Robin Hood and Will Stukely excelled their comvarious scattered particulars respecting these festivi-rades, and both of them lodged an arrow in the centre ties, which make but dry reading by themselves, have circle of gold, so near to each other that the difference been wrought up to some advantage by Mr Strutt in could not readily be decided, which occasioned them his "Queen Hoo Hall," where he describes May-day to shoot again, when Robin struck the gold a second as celebrated by the servants and dependants of an time, and Stukely's arrow was affixed upon the edge English baron of the fifteenth century. (We abridge of it. Robin was therefore adjudged the conqueror; a little in the matter of costume.) "In the front of and the prize of honour, a garland of laurel embelthe pavilion, a large square was staked out, and fenced lished with variegated ribbons, was put upon his head; with ropes, to prevent the crowd from pressing upon and to Stukely was given a garland of ivy, because he the performers, and interrupting the diversion; there was the second best performer in that contest. The were also two bars at the bottom of the enclosure, pageant was finished with the archery, and the prothrough which the actors might pass and repass, as cession began to move away to make room for the occasion required. Six young men first entered the villagers, who afterwards assembled in the square, and square, clothed in jerkins of leather, with axes upon amused themselves by dancing round the May-pole in their shoulders like woodmen, and their heads bound promiscuous companies, according to the ancient cuswith large garlands of ivy leaves, intertwined with tom." sprigs of hawthorn. Then followed six young maidens of the village, dressed in blue kirtles, with garlands of primroses on their heads, leading a fine sleek cow decorated with ribbons of various colours interspersed with flowers; and the horns of the animal were tipped with gold. These were succeeded by six foresters equipped in green tunics, with hoods and hosen of the same colour; each of them carried a bugle-horn attached to a baldrick of silk, which he sounded as he passed the barrier. After them came Peter Lanaret, the baron's chief falconer, who personified Robin Hood; he was attired in a bright grass-green tunic, fringed with gold; his hood and his hosen were particoloured, blue and white; he had a large garland of rose-buds on his head, a bow bent in his hand, a sheaf of arrows at his girdle, and a bugle-horn depending from a baldrick of light blue tarantine, embroidered with silver; he had also a sword and a dagger, the hilts of both being richly embossed with gold. Fabian, a page, as Little John, walked at his right hand; and Cecil Cellerman, the butler, as Will Stukely, at his left. These, with ten others of the jolly outlaw's attendants who followed, were habited in green garments, bearing their bows bent in their hands, and their arrows in their girdles. Then came two maidens, in orange-coloured kirtles with white court pies, strewing flowers, followed immediately by the Maid Marian, elegantly habited in a watchet-coloured tunic reaching to the ground. She was supported by two bridemaidens, in sky-coloured rochets girt with crimson girdles. After them came four other females in green courtpies, and garlands of violets and cowslips. Then Sampson, the smith, as Friar Tuck, carrying a huge AN ELEGANTLY USELESS YOUNG LADY. Of this class of young ladies we find the following STATISTICS OF MUSCULAR POWER. of flight. To effect these, he has, in maturity and health, Man has the power of imitating every motion but that sixty bones in his head, sixty in his thighs and legs, sixtytwo in his arms and hands, sixty-seven in his trunk. He has also 434 muscles. His heart makes sixty-four pulsations in a minute; and, therefore, 3,840 in an hour92,160 in a day. There are also three complete circulations of his blood in the short space of an hour. In respect to the comparative speed of animated beings and of impelled bodies, it may be remarked, that size and parative strength, although one body giving any quantity construction seem to have little influence; nor has comThe sloth is by no means a small animal, and yet it can of motion to another is said to lose so much of its own. travel only fifty paces in a day; a worm crawls only five inches in fifty seconds; but a ladybird can fly 20 million times its own length in less than an hour. An elk can run a mile and a half in seven minutes; an antelope a mile in a minute; the wild mule of Tartary has a speed even greater than that; an eagle can fly eighteen leagues in an hour; and a Canary falcon can even reach 250 leagues in the short space of sixteen hours.—Bucke. ADHERENCE TO OLD CUSTOMS. The Welsh plough is one of the most awkward unmeaning tools to be found in any civilised country; but the Rotherham and other improved ploughs are coming into general use. A gentleman, a naval officer in Cardiganshire, introduced the light Rotherham, and insisted on back, the new ploughs were dismissed the service, and the his ploughmen using them. As soon as he turned his old ones brought into the field. One day, in a rage, he committed the old ploughs to the flames, and set the new and returning, he found the new ploughs in the ditch, and ones a-going. Afterwards, taking a ride to cool himself, old ploughs, borrowed from the neighbours, at work; the master then thinking it useless to persevere, gave up the contest. "I have," said he, "seen various kinds of human beings, in different parts of the globe, but none so obstinately bent on old usages as the Welsh.”—Loudon's Encyclopædia of Agriculture. An error occurred in the paper on Coleridge which appeared in the Journal, No. 530. The poet's children, we are informed by P. H., are the following:-David Hartley, author of an interesting book entitled "The Worthies of Lancashire and Yorkshire"Derwent, who has written a large volume on the scriptural character of the English Church-and Sara, the writer of a beautiful tale called Phantasmion.' LONDON: Published, with permission of the proprietors, by W. S. ORR, Paternoster Row. Printed by Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriars |