Sing. nom., hoc lignum; gen., hujus ligni, &c.

Lignorum is a noun substantive common, of the plural number, genitive case, neuter gender and second declension, like regnorum.

The Analysis of a Noun Adjective.

What part of speech is longâ, long?

Longâ is a noun.

Why is longâ a noun?

Because it is the name of a thing that may be understood.

Whether is longâ a noun substantive, or a noun adjective?

Longâ is a noun adjective because it can not stand by itself in signification, but requireth to be joined with another word, as longâ viâ, with the long way. Of what number is longâ?

Longâ is of the singular number because its substantive viâ is of the singular number.

Of what case is longâ?

Longâ is of the ablative case because its substantive viâ is of the ablative case. Of what gender is longâ?

Longâ is of the feminine gender because its substantive viâ is of the feminine gender.

Of what declension is longâ?

Longâ is of the first declension.

How is longâ declined?

Longâ is declined like bonâ: Sing. nom., longus, a, um.

By what rule can you tell that longâ is of the feminine gender?

By the rule of the genders of adjectives, At si tres variant voces, &c.

Longâ is a noun adjective, of the singular number, ablative case and feminine gender, declined like bonâ.

The Analysis of a Pronoun.

What part of speech is se, him?

Se is a pronoun because it is like to a noun, or put instead of the noun mortem, death.

What kind of pronoun is se?

Se is a pronoun primitive because it is not derived of another.

Of what number is se?

Se is of the singular number because it speaketh but of one.

Of what case is se?

Se is of the accusative case because it followeth a verb, and answereth to the question whom?

Of what gender is se?

Se is of the feminine gender because the noun mortem, that it is put for, is of the feminine gender.

Of what declension is se?

Se is of the first declension of pronouns, and it is thus declined: Sing. et plur. nom., caret; gen., sui, &c.

Of what person is se?

Se is of the third person because it is spoken of.

Se is a pronoun primitive, of the singular number, the accusative case, feminine gender, first declension and third person.

The Analysis of a Verb.

What part of speech is imponeres, thou mightest lay upon?
Imponeres is a verb because it signifieth to do.

What kind of verb is imponeres?

Imponeres is a verb personal because it hath three persons.

What kind of verb personal is imponeres?

Imponeres is a verb personal active because it endeth in o, and betokeneth to do, and by putting to r it may be a passive.

Of what mood is imponeres?

Imponeres is of the subjunctive mood because it hath a conjunction joined with it, and dependeth upon another verb going before it.

Of what tense is imponeres?

Imponeres is of the preterimperfect tense because it speaketh of the time not perfectly past.

Of what number is imponeres?

Imponeres is of the singular number because its nominative case is of the singular number.

Of what person is imponeres?

Imponeres is of the second person because its nominative case is of the second person.

Of what conjugation is imponeres?

Imponeres is of the third conjugation, like legeres, because it hath e short before re and ris.

How do you conjugate imponeres?

Impono, imponis, imposui, imponere; imponendi, imponendo, imponendum; impositum, impositu; imponens, impositurus.

Why doth impono make imposui?

Because præteritum dat idem, &c.

Why doth imposui make impositum?

Because compositum ut simplex formatur, &c.

Imponeres is a verb personal active, of the subjunctive mood, preterimperfect tense, singular number, second person and third conjugation, like legeres.

The Analysis of a Participle.

What part of speech is deposito, being laid down?

Deposito is a participle derived of the verb depono, to lay down.

Of what number is deposito?

Deposito is of the singular number because its substantive fasce is of the singular number.

Of what gender is deposito?

Deposito is of the masculine gender because its substantive fasce is of the masculine gender.

By what rule can you tell that deposito is of the masculine gender?

At si tres variant voces, &c.

Of what case is deposito?

Deposito is of the ablative case because its substantive fasce is of the ablative

case.

How is deposito declined?

Like bonus, a noun adjective of three diverse endings: Sing. nom., depositus, deposita, depositum.

tus.

Of what tense is deposito?

Of the preter tense because it hath its English ending in d, and its Latin in

How is depositus formed?

Of the latter supine depositu by putting to s.

Deposito is a participle, of the singular number, masculine gender, ablative case, and is declined like bonus, being of the preter tense, and formed of the later supine of the verb depono.

The Analysis of an Adverb.

What part of speech is cùm, when?

Cùm is an adverb because it is joined to the verb defessus esset to declare its signification.

What signification hath cùm?

Cùm hath the signification of time.

But why is not cùm a preposition in this place?

Because it hath not a casual word to serve unto.
Cùm is an adverb of time.

The Analysis of a Conjunction.

What part of speech is que, and?

Que is a conjunction because it joineth words together.

What kind of conjunction is que?

Que is a conjunction copulative because it coupleth both the words and

sense.

Que is a conjunction copulative.

The Analysis of a Preposition.

What part of speech is ex, out of?

Ex is a preposition because it is set before another part of speech in apposition, as ex nemore, out of a forest.

What case does ex serve to?

Ex serveth to the ablative case.

Ex is a preposition serving to the ablative case.

6. Having thus tried your young scholar how he understandeth the introduction or first part of his Accidents, (for whom, if you find him expert therein, one example may serve, but if not, you may yet make use of more until he can perfectly and readily give you an account of any word,) you may further make trial how he understandeth the rules of concordance and construction in the second part of the Accidents by causing him to apply the rules to every word as he meeteth with it in the grammatical order, thus:

Quidam is of the nominative case, singular number and masculine gender, and agreeth with its substantive senex because the adjective, whether it be a noun, pronoun, or participle, agreeth with its substantive, &c.

Senec is the nominative case coming before vocavit (which is the principal verb) because the word that answereth to the question who? or what? shall be the nominative case to the verb, and shall be set before the verb.

Portans is of the nominative case, singular number and masculine gender and agreeth with its substantive senex, because the adjective, whether it be a noun, &c.

Fascem is of the accusative case, governed of portans, because participles govern such cases, &c.

Lignorum is of the genitive case, governed of fascem, because when two substantives come together, &c.

Super is a preposition which serveth to both the accusative and the ablative case, but here it serveth to the accusative.

Humeros is of the accusative case, governed of the preposition super.

Ec is a preposition which serveth to an ablative case.

Nemore is of the ablative case, governed of the preposition ex.

Cùm is an adverb of time.

Defessus esset is of the singular number and third person, and agreeth with its nominative case ille, understood, because a verb personal agreeth with, &c. Longâ is of the ablative case, singular number and feminine gender, and agreeth with its substantive viâ, because the adjective, whether it be, &c.

Viâ is of the ablative case, governed of defessus esset, because all verbs require an ablative case of the instrument, &c.

Vocavit is of the singular number and third person, and agreeth with its nominative case senex, because a verb personal, &c.

Mortem is of the accusative case, and followeth the verb vocavit, because verbs transitives are all such, &c.

Fasce is of the ablative case absolute because a noun or pronoun substantive joined with a participle, &c.

Deposito is of the ablative case, singular number and masculine gender, and agreeth with its substantive fasce, because the adjective, whether it be, &c. Humi is of the genitive case because these nouns, humi, domi, &c.

Ecce is an adverb of showing.

Mors is the nominative case coming before the verb advenit because the word that answereth to the question who? or what? &c.

Advenit is of the singular number and third person, and agreeth with its nominative case mors because verb personal, &c.

Que is a conjunction copulative.

Rogat is of the indicative mood and present tense because conjunctions, copulatives and disjunctives most commonly, &c.

Causam is of the accusative case, and followeth the verb rogat, because verbs transitives are all such, &c.

Quamobrem is an adverb of asking.

Vocaverat is of the singular number and third person, and agreeth with its nominative case, ille, understood, because a verb personal agreeth, &c.

Se is of the accusative case, and followeth the verb vocaverat, because verbs transitives are all such, &c.

Tunc is an adverb of time.

Senex is the nominative case coming before the verb ait because the word that answereth to the question who? or what? &c.

Ait is of the singular number and third person, and agreeth with its nominative case senex, because a verb personal, &c.

Ut is a conjunction causal.

Imponeres is of the singular number and second person, and agreeth with its nominative case tu, understood, because a verb personal, &c.

Hunc is of the accusative case, singular number and masculine gender, and agreeth with its substantive fascem, because the adjective, whether it be, &c. Fascem is of the accusative case, and followeth the verb imponeres, because verbs transitives, &c.

Lignorum is of the genitive case, governed of fascem, because when two substantives, &c.

Super is a preposition which here serveth to an accusative case.

Humeros is of the accusative case because super is a preposition serving to an accusative case.

7. Try him yet a little further by causing him to turn an English into Latin in imitation of this fable, and to observe the artificial order in placing all the words, ex. gr.:

A woman bearing a basket of plums upon her head out of a garden, when she was weary with the heavy burden, sat down, having set her basket upon a bulk. Behold! a boy came to her and asked her if she would give him any plums. Then the woman said, "I will give thee a few if thou wilt help me to set this basket upon my head."

Quædam mulier prunorum calathum super caput exhorto portans, cum gravi onere defessa esset, calatho super scamnum posito, desedit. Ecce! puer advenit, numque daret sibi pruna rogavit. Tunc mulier, pauca tibi dabo, siquidem opem mihi feres, ut hunc calathum super caput meum imponam, ait.

When you have found a child sufficiently expert in the rudiments, go on also to try how far he understandeth the whole art of grammar by this or the like praxis.

1. Let him take a piece of one of Castalion's Dialogues, or the like casy piece of Latin, and write it down according to his book; but as he writeth it, let him divide every word of more syllables according to the rules of right spelling, and give you an account of every letter and syllable and note of distinction according to the rules of orthography, and of every accent that he meeteth withal, as also of the spirits and quantities of syllables according to the rules in prosodia, ex. gr.:

Serpens. Eva.

S. Cur ve-tu-it vos De-us ve-sci ex o-mni-bus ar-bo-ribus po-ma-ri-i? E. Licet no-bis ve-sci fru-cli-bus ar-bo-rum po-ma-ri-i; tan-tum De-us no-bis in-ter-dixit e-a ar-bo-re, quæ est in me-di-o po-ma-ri-o, ne ve-sce-re-mur fru-ctu e-jus, neve e-ti-am at-tin-ge-re-mus, ni-si vel-le-mus mo-ri. S. Ne-qua-quam mo-ri-e-mi-ni pro-ple-re-a, sed scit De-us, si com-e-de-ri-tis de e-o, tum o-cu-los vo-bis a-per-tum i-ri, at-que i-ta vos fo-re tan-quam De-os, sci-en-tes boni, at-que mali. I-ta pla-ne vi-de-tur, et fru-ctus i-pse est pul-cer sa-nè vi-su: ne-sci-o an sit i-ta dul-cis gu-statu; ve-run-tu-men ex-pe-ri-ar.

Now if you ask him why he writeth Serpens, Eva, Cur, Deus, Nequaquam and Ita with great letters, and all the other words with little letters, he can tell you (if he ever learned or minded his rules) that proper names, beginnings of sentences, and words more eminent than others, are to begin with a great letter, and in other places small letters are to be used. If you ask him why he spelleth re-tu-it and not vet-u-it, he will say, because a consonant set betwixt two vowels belongeth to the latter.

If you ask him why he spelleth re-sci and not ves-ci, he will answer you,