"The male dress changed almost insensibly than the rest of the dress in the aggregate; it from formality to case. This was effected is enough to say, the neckcloth has been commerely by altering the cut of the cloaths: thepared to a towel tied under the chin.

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materials are the same they were a hundred
years past; the colours however are more
grave. Deep blue, dark browns, mixtures,
and black, are worn by the sedate and the gay,
the young and the old the former indeed
sometimes appear in coats rather large for their
persons; but they compensate for this oddity
by stretching their pantaloons almost to burst-
ing, and wear something that resembles the
waistcoat of a boy seven years old. The mo-
dern hat is very convenient-a high flat crown
and narrow brim, pressed down before and be-
hind, and turned up at the sides. Square toed
shoes have been revived; and half and whole
boots are, I believe, every thing but slept in.
The modern neckcloth should not be omitted,
especially as it has undergone more ridicule good humour, heartily farewel!"

"The hair was a long time dressed or frizzed high on the head, like a negro's wool, and perfectly whitened with powder, and alternately plaited and turned up or queued behind. The powder-tax occurred, and thousands of heads became in an instant black and brown; and, as the revolution in France deserved imitation, the fierce republican head of Brutus stared us full in the front, mounted upon the shoulders of Ladies and box-lobby loungers composed of puppies rather than men.

"Since those days of horror powder again makes its appearance with the hair cropped close, except above the forehead; there it is turned erect in imitation of a cock's-comb. And now, fashion, I bid thee, in perfect

(6

THE SPORTS AND PASTIMES
USED IN TIMES OF OLD IN LONDON.

EXTRACTED FROM A VERY ANCIENT PUBLICATION.

"LET us now (saith Fitzstephen) come to the sports and pastimes, seeing it is fit that a city should not only be courmodious and seri-wealthy men of the city come forth on horse

back, to see the sports of the young men, and to take part of the pleasure in beholding their agility.

oes, but also merry aud sportful. Whereupon, in the scales of the Popes, until the time of Pope Leo, on the one side was St. Peter fishing, with a key over him, reached as it were by the hand of God out of heaven, and about it this verse-Tu pro me navem liquisti, suscipe clavem. On the other side was a city, and this incripsion on it-Aurea Roma. Likewise to the praise of Augustus Cæsar, and the city, in respect of the showes and sports, was written-Nocte pluit tota redeunt spectacula mene, &c.

return again,

"And Cæsar with Almighty Jove bath match'd an equal reign."

"Every Friday in Leut a fresh company of young men come into the field on horseback, and the best horsemen conduct the rest. Then march forth the citizeus' sons, and other young men, with disarmed launces and shields, and there they practised feats of war.

"Many courtiers, likewise, when the King lieth near, and attendants on noblemen, do repair to those exercises, and while the hope of

"Allnight it rains, and shows at morrow-tide victory doth inflame their minds, they shew by good proof, how serviceable they would be in martial affairs.

"The scholars of every school have their balls or bastions in their hands: the ancient and

After dinner all the youths go into the fields to play at the ball.

"But London for the shoves upon theatres, and comical pastimes, hath holy plays, representations of torments wherein the constancy of martyrs appeared. Every year also, on Shrove Tuesday (that we may begin with childrens' sports, seeing we all have been children:) the school-boys do bring cocks of the game to their master, and all the forenoon they delight themselves with cock-fighting.runneth strongly against the shield, down he

falleth into the water, for the boat is forced with the tide; but on each side of the shield

||

"In Easter holidays they fight battles on the water; a shield is bung upon a pole, fixed in the midst of the stream; a boat is prepared without oars, to be carried with violence of the water, and in the fore-part thereof standeth a young man, ready to give charge upon the shield with his launce. If so be he break his launce upon the shield and doth not fall, he is thought to have performed a worthy deed. If so be without breaking his launce he

ride two boats, furnished with young men, who recover bim that falleth as soon as they may. Upon the bridge, wharfs, and houses by the river side stand great numbers to see and Jaugh thereat.

"In the holidays in summer, the youths are exercised in leaping, dancing, shooting, wrestling, casting the stone, and practising their shields: the maidens trip with their timbrels, and dance as long as they can well see. In winter, every holiday before dinner, the boars prepared for brawn, are set to fight, or else bulls and bears are baited.

"When the great fenn or moor which watereth the walls of the city on the north side is frozen, many young meu play upon the ice, some striding as wide as they may, do slide

swiftly; others make themselves seats on the
ice, as great as nilstones. One sits down,
many (hand in hand) do draw him, and one
slipping on a sudden, all fall together. Some
tye bones to their feet, and under their heels,
shoving themselves by a little picked staff, do
slide as swiftly as a bird flieth in the air, or an
arrow out of cross-bow. Sometimes two run
together with poles, and hitting one another,
either one or other do fall not without hurt:
some break their arms, some their legs, but
youth (desirous of glory in this sort) exer-
ciseth itself against the time of war. Many
of the citizens do delight themselves in bawks
and bounds, for they have liberty of hunting
in Middlesex, Hartfordshire, all Chiltron, and
in Kent to the water of Crag "

CALEDONIAN SKETCHES;

OR

A TOUR THROUGH SCOTLAND IN 1807.

BY SIR JOHN CARR.

WE make the following extract from this recent tour in Scotland, which is a sample from the best part, and will, we trust, entertain our readers. Sir John Carr seems to have gleaned, with much industry, some expiring embers of historical anecdote upon the field of Culloden. What he relates is not altogether new, but he has compared report with the tradition of the country, he has collated ru mours, and confirmed anecdote by the test of oral inquiry. Sir John thus commences his tour over the plain of Culloden :—

by the Duke of Cumberland, commenced their march from Nairn, in five lines, of three battalions cach, led by Major General Huske on the left, Lord Sempell on the right, and Brigadier Mordaunt in the centre, flanked by the cavalry, commanded by Generals Hawley and Bland, who at the same time covered the cannon on the right and left. In this order they marched about eight miles, when a detachment of Kingston's horse, and of the Highlanders, having advanced before the rest of the army, discovered the van of the rebels, "The road to Inverness (says Sir John Carr) commanded by the young Pretender; both winds along the shores of the Murray Frith, armies formed in order of battle: the royal which, bounded by mountaius in almost every army amounted to eight thousand eight hundirection, resembles a vast lake. I quitted dred and eleven men, the rebel to eight thoumy chaise, and visited the celebrated moor of sand three hundred and fifty, so that there Culloden; there is nothing worth this trouble was little disparity. About two in the afterunless it be more forcibly to recollect the me- noon the rebels began to cannonade the King's morabie incidents of the 16th of April, 1746,|| army, but their artillery, consisting only of a which decided the hopes of the expatriated few four-pounders, being ill served, did little family of the Stuarts. The battle of that day, execution, whilst the fire from their enemies so distinguished in the history of the times, was very effective, and produced great disorwould, in the present era of military carnage, der. Severely annoyed by this fire, the front be considered as little more then au affair of line of the rebels, amounting to about five posts. On the evening preceding the engage hundred of the clans, charged the right of the ment, the young Prince Charles Edward slept royal army with their accustomed impetuosity at Culloden-house, adjoining the field of battle, In order to draw the troops forward. One the residence of the ancient family of Forbes. regiment was disordered by the weight of this Distraction and insubordination had made columu, but two battalions advancing from great inroads in the rebel army. On the day the second line arrested their career, upon before mentioned, the royal army, commanded || which they turned their whole force upon the

left when they attempted to flank the front line; this movement was however defeated by the advancing of Wolfe's regiment, supported by cannon, which opened upon them with cartridge-shot. General Hawley, with some Highlanders, had opened a passage through some stone walls to the right for the horse, which advanced on that side, whilst the borse on the King's right wheeled off on their right, dispersed their body of reserve, and met in the centre of their front line in their rear, when, being repulsed in the front, and great numbers cut off, the rebels fell into the greatest confusion. A dreadful carnage was made by the cavalry on their backs; however, some part of the foot still preserved their order; but the Kingston horse from the reserve gallopped up briskly, and did terrible execution amongst the fugitives. A total defeat instantly followed, with the loss of two thousand five hundred killed, wounded, and taken prisoners on the part of the rebels, and of two hundred only on the side of the royal army. The young Pretender had his horse shot under him during the engagement, and after the battle retired to the house of a factor of Lord Lovat, about ten miles from Inverness, where he rested that night: the scene of desolation which followed was horrible, and can be justified only by the severe policy of every where impressing the disaffected with terror and dismay.

"The Highlanders were buried by their friends the next day, who dug holes for them on the moor, where several green elevated spots are still to be seen, which, upon being opened, are found to contain human bones, and the country-people often find small cannou and musket-balls. The genius of the place seems to whisper- Grey stones and heaped up earth shall mark me to future times. When the hunter shall sit by the mound, and produce his food at noon,--Some warrior rests here, be will say.'

"All the perilous adventures of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester were renewed in the fugitive history of the young Pretender after the battle of Culloden. For some days he wandered in the country; sometimes, without food or attendant, he sought refuge in caves and cottages; sometimes he lay in a forest, with one or two companions of bis distress, continually pursued by the troops of the couqueror, who offered a reward of thirty thousand pounds for taking him, dead or alive. In the course of his wanderings he had occasion to trust his life to the fidelity of above fifty individuals, who, to their eternal honour, refused to enrich themselves by a violation of the rights of hospitality.

"An extraordinary instance of incorruptible fidelity occurred in the course of his miserable rambles. A poor cottager, of the name of M'Jan, who was upon principle hostile to his cause, and who, on account of a severe season, was, with his family, in a state of starvation, received the wretched wanderer, and at the hazard of his life committed depredations to procure him sustenance, when au immense reward lay within his reach, and with powerful temptation invited him to surrender up his guest.

"The fate of this generous being was as singular as his conduct to the Prince. In a season of great scarcity he stole a cow to save his family from dying of hunger, for which he was tried, convicted, and executed. A little before his execution he took off his bonnet, and thanked God he had never betrayed a trust, never injured the poor, and never refused a share of what he had to the stranger and to the needy. The King, when he heard of the fate of this poor but noble fellow, is said magnanimously to have declared, that had be known his circumstances in proper time, he would have raised him above the cruel necessity of stealing a cow for his subsistence.

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"Another instance of the integrity of the Highland character is related. One day, after the hapless wanderer had walked from morning till night without having tasted food, he ventered to enter a house, the owner of which he knew was, like the last man, hostile to his views. As he entered be addressed the master of the house in the following manner: The son of your King comes to beg a little bread and a few clothes. I know your present attachment to my adversaries; but I believe you have sufficient honour not to abuse my confidence, or take advantage of my distressed situation Take these rags, that have for some time been my only covering; you may probably restore them to me one day, when I shall be seated on the throne of my ancestors." This affecting appeal awak ned pity in the breast of the owner of the house, who afforded him all the assistance in his power, and never divulged his secret.

"A few other anecdotes, connected with the fate of the unhappy adventurer, not generally known, and which reflect unfading honour upon the incorruptible integrity of the parties concerned, may not be uninteresting. After this battle the gallant young Captain Mackenzie wandered with a few other adherents of the Prince, whom he remarkably resembled in face and persou. In every part of this country, parties of royalists were distributed for the purpose of seizing upon the

$3

"

Pretender: one day the Captain and his little
baud were discovered and pursued, some of
whom fled, and others threw down their arms
and implored for mercy; but upon observing
that his pursuers seemed very anxious to take
him, he concluded that they mistook him for
the Prince; he accordingly, to confirm them
in their mistake, defended himself with all the
fury of desperation, upon which, to secure the
enormous reward offered for the head of the
Pretender, they shot him; when he exclaimed,
as he expired,- Villains ye have shot your
Prince! thinking by this gallant stratagem to
abate the ardour of their pursuit after the
His head was immediately
royal fugitive.
severed from his shoulders, and brought into
the camp by those who slew him with great
exultation, when they were mortified by being
informed by a soldier, who knew the gallant
Captain, that it was the head of Mackenzie
instead of the Pretender.

seen by the Laird or his brother, who warned
them from the landing-place to depart, as
Rasay, as well as Sky, was occupied by the
royal forces, and brought them some bread,
Compelled to put out
wine, and brandy.
again to sea, they were the next morning chased
by one of the King's cutters into South Uist,
an island belonging to the Clanronald family:
in this dire dilemma the Prince escaped by
ordering the boatmen to turn a point of pro-
jecting rock, upon which he leaped, and con-
cealed himself in a cave amongst the rocks:
the boatmen escaped by pretending not to
understand the English language, and one of
them contrived to inform the lady of the place
of the Pretender's landing, who, on account of
the absence of her husband, at first felt ex-
tremely embarrassed, in a contest between
sympathy and duty, what to do.

"The Pretender at this time found an asylum with three robbers, who were brothers, and who felt no disgrace in living by rapine, but would have thought it an indelible stain to have betrayed the being who, in the hour of misery and desertion, songht shelter under their protection. One of these brothers used to venture every day into the English camp, disguised as a fisherman, where he procured wheaten, bread, and had even address to get the Newspapers from the officers' servants; and also abundance of gingerbread, of which the unhappy Prince was very fond. In these perilous visits he used constantly to hear proclaimed at the drum-head, in Erse and Engish, a reward of £30,000 for the head of the adventurer.

"From this painful situation she was relieved by Miss Flora Macdonald, who happened to be her guest, and undertook the protection of the wanderer. She accordingly, the better to escape the vigilant observation of the soldiers, upon the ebbing of the tide wandered to the beach with her maid, apparently in search of shells; and as the attention of her maid was engaged at some distsace from ber, she stole into the cave of the Prince with some wine and food, and returned without having She afterwards conveyed a been observed. female dress to him, and requested a pass from the commanding officer for herself and an Irish maid, called Betty Bourke, whom she said she had brought over for her mother. As this great strapping Irish servant, the Prince got off with his fair and youthful protectress to the island of Sky, where they arrived on a Sunday afternoon.

"At length the Prince was safely conducted on board of a boat, and endeavoured to make for the Western Isles. When they left the main land they were afraid of steering direct for Sky; and in consequence of having heard that there was a ship of war at anchor, and that armed boats were stationed at every landing place, they were obliged to keep at sea all that day, during which they were overtaken by a storm. When the rowers became exhausted the Prince relieved them by turus, and, when the storm subsided, sung and amused them by endeavouring to learn Gaelic songs; on this, as on all other occasions, displaying a cheerful philosophy, except when he heard an unhappy story of any of his unfortunate adherents. In this melancholy condition their httle sea-store was destroyed by the sea-water which they shipped. On the following night they approached the shores of Rasay; and it being a fine moon-light evening, they were

"They were met by Flora Macdonald's stepfather, Macdonald of Kingsburgh, a man of great integrity, who, when informed of the secret by his daughter, resolved to render her distinguished charge every assistance in his power. The particulars that followed, till the Prince quitted Sky, are given in Mr. Boswell's very entertaining Journal of a Tout to the Hebrides, to which I refer my reader. Upon quitting Sky, Prince Charles entered Loch Nevish, to the westward of Loch Ackeig. Whilst he was secreting himself in the glens of this district, four hundred men, under the command of General Campbell, arrived on one side of him, and five hundred more, under Captain Scott, on the other, and began to form a circle round him. In this desperate situation the Prince sent to Donald Cameron, of Glenpean, who, under favour of a dark night, safely conducted him through a pass strongly

guarded by soldiers, during which they were
obliged to creep upou their hands and knees,
so close to their enemies that they distinctly
heard them talk, and saw them walking be-
tween them and their fires; after this their
dangers thickened, for they had to pass through ||
a chain of little camps, twenty-seven in num-
ber, through which, at night, Donald Cameron,
by way of experiment, passed alone, and re-
turned in safety to the Prince, whom he con-
ducted through the line without interruption.
Before they set out, Donald said to the young
fugitive, 'Oh! Sir, my nose is yuicking,' that
is, itching, which is a sign to me that we
have great risks and dangers to go through.'
When they had accomplished this perilous
enterprise, the Prince said to his faithful guide,
Well, my brave Donald, how does your nose
now? It is better now,' replied he, but it
still yuicks a little.-The share which Flora
Macdonald and her father had in the escape
of the Prince led to their apprehension, and
they were conveyed as prisoners to London.
Her heroic and noble conduct during her ex-
amination excited the surprise and admiration
even of the Sovereign, and led to her own en-
largement and that of others. During her
stay in London, after her discharge, she
became an object of great public attention,
and persons of the highest distinction loaded
her with kindnesses and civilities, which she
received with a becoming grace and diffidence.

"The unfortunate Charles, after the most marvellous escapes, often bemmed round by his pursuers, but still rescued by some providential and marvellous interposition, at last received intelligence that a privateer of St. Maloes, hired by his adherents, was arrived in Lochranach, in which he embarked in the most wretched attire, consisting of a short threadbare coat of black frieze, over which was a common Highland plaid, girt round him by a belt, from which hung a pistol and a dagger. He had not changed his linen for many weeks; his eyes were hollow, his visage wan, and his constitution greatly impaired by famine and fatigue. To the honour of Ireland, two faithful natives of that country, Sullivan and Sheridan, who had participated with him in his calamities, Cameron of Locheil, his brother, and a few other adherents to his cause, accompanied him on board, when they set sail for France, and reached Roseau, near Morlaix, in Bretagne, after having been chased by two English ships of war. I have been informed from good authority that his present Majesty, with characteristic magnanimity, allows from his private purse a pension of £2,000 per acuum to the personage known by the uame No XLIII. Vol. VI.

of the Comtesse d'Albany, widow of the unfortunate Charles Stuart, grandson of King James the Second, who has been dead some years. She is a Princess of the house of Hol berg, and lived at Brussels, where she was married; she is allied to many noble families in this country. This lady had a dower assigned to her out of the old French funds, which were destroyed in the Revolution, and she was entirely supported by her brother-inlaw, the Cardinal of York, upon whose death she became absolutely destitute. It is well known that his Majesty also allowed an annuity of 46,000 to the Cardinal, who was left unprovided for by the French Revolution, which annuity he enjoyed to the day of his death.

"I know of no Caledonian lady who has obtained more celebrity than Flora Macdonald. She was the daughter of Macdonald of Milton, in Uist, a cadet of the family of Macdonald of Clauronald; she married Major Macdonald, of Kingsburgh. A report has gone abroad that this romantic friend of the young Pretender is still alive, and that she enjoys a peusion upon the Irish establishment; this report is unfounded, as I am favoured by the assurance of my much-respected friend, Mr. Hector Macdonald Buchannan, who is well acquainted with the family, that she died in the year 1700 in the isle of Sky, and that he inserted her death in the Annual Register, by the desire of her son, Major Macdonald, since also dead. She has another son, still living, Major or Colonel John Macdonald, of the Honourable East-India Company's service, who married Miss Chambers, daughter of Sir Robert Chainbers, a brave and active officer, and who was Lieutenant Colonel in the regiment of volunteers raised and commanded by the late Right Honourable William Pitt. The person mistaken in Ireland for Flora Macdonald is Florence Macdonnell, whose name stands in the pension-list of officers' widows in Ireland, and who resides at Ratagan, in the parish of GlomBoswell deshiel, in the county of Ross. scribes the celebrated Flora to have been a little woman, of a genteel appearance, and uncommonly mild and well-bred.'

"After a very agreeable ride, I reached Inverness, the capital of the Highlands, and the seat of Highland elegance and refinement, and soon experienced all the comforts of an hotel which would be respected in the most fashionable parts of London; and there are other good ians. This town is a port, with twenty creeks dependent upon it, part on the Murray Frith, to the east, and part on the north of the town, extending as far as the south border of the

M