ON RIGHT FROM YORK.

YORK TO DURHAM, NEWCASTLE, AND BERWICK-Continued.

cr. river Tweed.

BERWICK, (see p. 399).

Thence to Edinburgh, by

railway, 58 miles.

ON LEFT FROM YORK.

Haggerston Castle, Sir E. Blount, Bart.

Ancroft, 2 miles. Cheswick House, J. S. Donaldson Selby, Esq.

152 Line to Kelso, &c., branches off.

1532

CLIX. LONDON TO HULL, THROUGH RUGBY, LEICESTER, NOTTINGHAM, AND LINCOLN, BY RAILWAY, 208 Miles.

NOTTINGHAM is situated on the north bank of the river Lene, about a mile north of the Trent. Its early history is involved in obscurity. It at one time belonged to the Danes, and was one of their Mercian burghs which connected their Northumbrian and East Anglian dominions. William the Conqueror built a castle here, the government of which he conferred upon his natural son

443

William Peveril. This strong fortress was the object of contest during the reigia of Stephen, Richard I., John, Henry III., &c. In 1330, Roger Mortimer, the paramour of Queen Isabella, was seized here by her son, Edward III. In the civil wars of his time, Charles I. set up his standard at Nottingham, but the place was taken next year by the Parliament, who garrisoned the castle, of which the famous Colonel Hutchinson was governor. It was dismantled during the Commonwealth, and upon the Restoration the ancient fortress was replaced by the present edifice, which belongs to the Duke of Newcastle. It was burnt during the Reform Bill riots, and remains in ruins. The castle stands on a rock perpendicular on three sides, at the south-west corner of the town.

The principal public buildings of this town are, the exchange, the county hall and gaol, the town hall, the mechanics' hall, the new corn exchange, the house of correction, the infirmary, the lunatic asylum, St. Mary's Church, on a striking elevation (recently restored at great expense, and containing some fine monuments), St. Peter's, and several other churches belonging to the Estabjishment. Nottingham has also several handsome meeting-houses, a large Roman Catholic Chapel, and numerous alms houses; a spacious market place, containing 5 acres, considered the largest in the kingdom; a small theatre, a race-course, extensive cavalry barracks, free schools, and several banks. About a mile south of the town is the Trent Bridge, of nineteen arches, an ancient structure, and exhibiting, from frequent repairs, great architectural variety.

The principal manufactures of Nottingham are, bobbin-net and lace, and cotton and silk hosiery, shoes, and gloves. There are several mills for spinning cotton and woollen yarn, and for throwing silk; also dye-houses and iron-foundries. Nottingham ale has a high reputation. The Nottingham Canal joins the Trent a mile from the town. The Midland Railway Company have a commodious first-class station in the meadows adjacent to the town. The environs of Nottingham are very pleasant, and abound with gardens belonging to the inhabitants. Nottingham returns two members to Parliament. The population of the Parliamentary Borough in 1881 was 186,656. The outlying suburbs, viz., the villages of Sneinton, Lenton, and Radford, have a population of more than 20,000. A considerable part of the land round the town was, until recently, commonable to the burgesses during a third of every year, and, consequently could not be used for building purposes. But an act has been obtained for its enclosure-numerous new streets, public walks, and places of recreation have been laid out; public baths and wash-houses, and numerous private edifices have been built and are in course of erection on the land which has thus been brought into the market. Gilbert Wakefield, Dr. Kippis, and Henry Kirke White were natives of Nottingham. Seven miles distant is Hucknall Church where Lord Byron was interred in 1824

ROUTE TO HULL PER RAILWAY-Continuea.

601 NEWARK (see p. 388.)

It is 264 feet long, and has three towers. The stone carving of the chapter house is most elaborate.